Volume 12, Issue 1, (2024)
The Epidemiology of Food Insecurity: A Global Perspective
Akmaral Baspakova; Nadiar M. Mussin; Gulmira Yerimbetova; Zhanat Ashimova
Volume 12 | Issue 1 | Pages: 1-6| PDF
Abstract: Food insecurity, defined as the lack of consistent access to safe, nutritious food, poses a significant threat to global health and well-being. This paper examines the epidemiology of food insecurity, highlighting its widespread prevalence, diverse causes, and detrimental health consequences. We explore the complex interplay of factors contributing to food insecurity, including poverty, conflict, climate change, and inadequate food systems. The paper delves into the impact of food insecurity on individuals and populations, examining its effects on nutritional status, physical and mental health, child development, and overall well-being. We further discuss the challenges of measuring food insecurity and the need for a comprehensive approach to addressing this global challenge. Finally, we examine strategies for mitigating food insecurity, emphasizing the importance of sustainable agriculture, social safety nets, equitable food distribution systems, and targeted interventions to improve food access, affordability, and availability.
Keywords: Food insecurity, global health, epidemiology, poverty, conflict, climate change, malnutrition, hunger, nutrition, child development, health outcomes, sustainable agriculture, food systems, social safety nets, food distribution
The Role of Social Support Networks in Health Outcomes: A Comprehensive Review
Anara Zh. Abitova; Nadiar M. Mussin; Gulmira Yerimbetova; Saltanat Zhumagaliyeva
Volume 12 | Issue 1 | Pages: 7-12| PDF
Abstract: Social support networks, encompassing the relationships and connections that individuals have with others, play a vital role in shaping health outcomes. This paper examines the intricate relationship between social support and health, exploring the mechanisms through which social connections impact physical, mental, and emotional well-being. We review the extensive body of research that demonstrates the positive associations between strong social support networks and improved health outcomes, including reduced risk of chronic diseases, enhanced mental health, and greater longevity. The paper delves into the various pathways through which social support influences health, including stress buffering, health promotion, and access to resources. We further discuss the challenges of measuring social support and the complexities of social interactions, highlighting the importance of considering individual and cultural differences in assessing the impact of social connections on health. Finally, we explore strategies for promoting social support and building stronger communities, emphasizing the role of public health interventions, community-based programs, and policies that support social cohesion and community well-being.
Keywords: social support, social networks, health outcomes, chronic diseases, mental health, stress buffering, health promotion, social determinants of health, community well-being, public health interventions
Integrating Qualitative Methods in Epidemiological Research: A Powerful Tool for Understanding Health Phenomena
Azhar N. Zhexenova, Yerlan Sh. Bazargaliyev, Aigerim A. Umbetova
Volume 12 | Issue 1 | Pages: 13-18 | PDF
Abstract: Epidemiology, traditionally focused on quantifying disease patterns and identifying risk factors, has increasingly recognized the value of integrating qualitative methods to gain deeper insights into the social, cultural, and behavioral dimensions of health. This paper examines the integration of qualitative methods in epidemiological research, highlighting their strengths in exploring complex health phenomena, uncovering nuanced experiences, and generating rich contextual data. We discuss various qualitative methods, including interviews, focus groups, observation, and document analysis, and their applications in epidemiological research. The paper explores the complementary nature of qualitative and quantitative methods, emphasizing how they can be combined to provide a more comprehensive understanding of health issues. We further address challenges associated with integrating qualitative methods, including data analysis, interpretation, and ensuring rigor and trustworthiness. Finally, we present examples of how qualitative methods have enriched epidemiological research, revealing the richness of human experiences and contributing to more effective public health interventions.
Keywords: Qualitative methods, epidemiology, mixed methods, interviews, focus groups, observation, document analysis, data analysis, interpretation, rigor, trustworthiness, public health interventions
Big Data and Epidemiology: Opportunities and Challenges
Zhuldyz K. Tashimova, Gaukhar B. Kumar, Bibigul Karimsakova, Zhanylsyn N. Gaisiyeva
Volume 12 | Issue 1 | Pages: 19-23 | PDF
Abstract: The advent of big data, characterized by vast volumes of diverse data generated at an unprecedented pace, has profoundly impacted the field of epidemiology, offering both exciting opportunities and significant challenges. This paper examines the intersection of big data and epidemiology, exploring how this transformative approach can enhance disease surveillance, identify emerging health threats, and facilitate novel research endeavors. We discuss the strengths of big data, including its ability to capture complex relationships, uncover hidden patterns, and provide real-time insights into disease trends. However, we also address the challenges associated with big data, such as data quality, privacy, ethical considerations, and the need for advanced analytical techniques. Finally, we explore promising future directions for big data in epidemiology, including the application of machine learning, artificial intelligence, and data visualization techniques to address complex public health issues and promote a healthier future.
Keywords: Big data, epidemiology, disease surveillance, research, data quality, privacy, ethics, machine learning, artificial intelligence, data visualization
The Epidemiology of Mental Health Disorders in the Digital Age: A Growing Challenge
Saltanat T. Urazayeva, Toleukhan B.Begalin, Akmaral Baspakova
Volume 12 | Issue 1 | Pages: 24-27| PDF
Abstract:The digital age, characterized by ubiquitous technology and social media, has profoundly transformed human interactions and lifestyles, impacting mental health in both positive and negative ways. This paper explores the epidemiology of mental health disorders in the digital age, examining the evolving trends in prevalence, risk factors, and consequences associated with digital technologies and social media use. We discuss the potential benefits of digital technologies for mental health, including access to information, support networks, and therapeutic interventions. However, we also delve into the potential risks associated with excessive screen time, cyberbullying, social comparison, and the impact of social media on sleep, attention, and self-esteem. The paper explores the challenges of studying the relationship between digital technologies and mental health, highlighting the complex interplay of factors and the need for robust research methodologies. Finally, we examine strategies for promoting mental well-being in the digital age, emphasizing the importance of digital literacy, responsible technology use, and a balanced approach to navigating the digital landscape.
Keywords: Mental health, digital age, technology, social media, epidemiology, prevalence, risk factors, consequences, benefits, risks, social comparison, cyberbullying, digital literacy, responsible use, mental well-being
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