Volume 10, Issue 3, (2022)
Bioremediation of Synthetic Pyrethroid by Hydrolases of Bacillus aryabhattai and Bacillus circulans Derived from Indigenous Soil
Huma Farooq, Mehwish Khalid, Imran Hashmi
Volume 10 | Issue 3 | Pages: 187-194 | PDF
Abstract: Synthetic pyrethroids are widely used for the improvement of crop production but are also regarded as potentially harmful pollutants. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different indigenous soil bacteria to degrade Lambda Cyhalothrin (LC), a known synthetic pyrethroid. The sampling area was selected as Rawal Lake and soil samples were collected from alongside upper streams that flow into Lake. LC degrading bacterial strains were isolated and identified as Bacillus aryabhattai and Bacillus circulans. COD was used as a parameter for measuring % the removal of LC at different intervals. Bacillus aryabhattai showed % removal of 55% whereas, Bacillus circulans showed a % removal of 83% in Minimal Salt Media after 72 hours. This study revealed that Bacillus circulans may tolerate LC more effectively at higher concentrations and therefore may be used as potential hydrolyzing enzymes that may disrupt chemical bonds of pyrethroid and result in the reduction of toxicity. This work exhibited a promising approach for the bioremediation of LC and may hence be used as environmental bioremediations of other pyrethroids as well.
Keywords: Bioremediation, Lambda-cyhalothrin, Minimal salt medium, Optical density, Pyrethroids, Pesticide
Evaluation of Ambient Air Quality at Nekede and Naze Dumpsites, Imo State, Southeast Nigeria
Okere J.K, Abu G.O, Azorji, J.N, Nwachukwu M.O, Iheagwam, K.S., Igwe C.E, Nzenwa P.O
Volume 10 | Issue 3 | Pages: 195-200 | PDF
Abstract: Environmental pollution is one potential consequence of the lack of proper management of municipal solid waste. The study was carried out to evaluate on-site air quality at Nekede and Naze dumpsites for dry and wet seasons. Samples were measured at six (6) sampling points within and around the field using a series of calibrated handheld air quality monitoring equipment. At each sampling point, nine (9) air quality parameters (particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), Ammonia (NH3), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Methane (CH4), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Carbon monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were measured. Results showed that PM2.5 and PM10 were detected in all stations of both dumpsites in both seasons. The highest values for all parameters measured were at the dumpsites except for CO which increased as distance progressed off the dumpsite. The CO ranged from 0.42 to 0.94 ppm at Nekede dumpsite and 0.20-1.12 ppm at Naze dumpsite during the dry season with the lowest values measured at station NKAQ1 and NZAQ1 with corresponding values of 0.42 and 0.20 ppm. CH4 was less than 0.01 ppm at NZAQ3 in both seasons under study. All parameters measured were higher in the Nekede area than Naze except for NH3 which ranged from 0.01 to 0.15 ppm and 0.02-0.17 ppm respectively for both seasons. Generally, NKAQ3 and NZAQ3 which all served as control stations had the lowest concentration of all parameters measured but otherwise for CO. Results further revealed that all parameters except CO exceeded the concentration values stipulated by USEPA and WHO, implying serious health implications in the study area. Consequently, the results call for a proper waste management system to ameliorate air pollution in the study area.
Keywords: Air Quality, Pollution, Environment, Imo State.
Groundwater Treatment using Steam Injection in Selected Shallow Wells within Ogbomoso South Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria
Adegbola, Adeyinka. Ayoade, Olaoye, Olusegun. Solomon and Olaniyan, Olatunji. Sunday
Volume 10 | Issue 3 | Pages: 201-208 | PDF
Abstract: Groundwater is a valuable resource and must be protected from any form of pollution. The pollution of groundwater by contaminants has become an increasing concern as a result of toxicity, health hazard, and industrialization. The research work focused on groundwater treatment using a steam injection method in selected shallow wells within Ogbomoso Local government area, Oyo State, Nigeria. The steam injection was incorporated as a flux source. The results of treated water were compared with World Health Organization (WHO). The physical, chemical, and biological parameters include pH, Dissolve Oxygen (DO), EC, Turbidity, Nitrate, Potassium, Iron, Zinc, Hardness, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were tested before and after treatment. The pH, DO, Ec, and Turbidity ranged from 7.53-7.98, 8-12 mg/L, 100-665 µS/cm, 0.014-0.106 NTU. Nitrate, Potassium, Iron, and Zinc valued varied from 0.03-2.57, 1-28.54, 1-17.06 and 0.01-0.03 mg/L, respectively. The hardness, BOD, and COD ranged 34-116 ppm, 1.5-4.5 mg/L, and 3-8.5 mg/L, respectively. The steam Injection method improves the quality of the treated groundwater sample. Steam injection method is a promising technique for groundwater remediation.
Keywords: Groundwater, Steam Injection, Pollutant, Water quality, Human Health
Assessment and Characterization of the Environmental Impact of Effluents in the Vicinity of Owerri Municipal Abattoir
Bob Chile-Agada, A., Ibe, F.C., & Nzenwa, P.O.
Volume 10 | Issue 3 | Pages: 209-215 | PDF
Abstract: Contamination of the ecosystem from abattoirs could cause serious environmental hazards. Continuous monitoring and assessments remain imperative to forestall such harm to the ecosystem. The present study was undertaken to assess the physicochemical and selected heavy metal contents of wastewater in the vicinity of an abattoir within Owerri Municipal, Imo State Nigeria. Samples of wastewater were collected from three different points within the abattoir under stringent control measures and analyzed for physicochemical and selected heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Ni, and Cr) using standard procedures. Results obtained showed that the values for physicochemical parameters assessed exceeded WHO permissible limits except EC. The heavy metal content of the wastewater was in the order: Fe>Cr>Cd>Pb>Ni. The values for heavy metals were well above WHO permissible limits set by the WHO except for Ni. This study underscores the need for the government to provide wastewater treatment plants within the abattoirs before discharge as this could potentially harm the ecosystem. This further implies that the environmental and health status of the inhabitants could be severely affected if nothing is done to avert the current trend.
Keywords: Pollution, Wastewater, Physicochemical, Heavy metals, Owerri
An Appraisal of the Volume, Potential Use and Disposal Methods of Spent Engine Oil Generated in Selected Mechanic Workshops in Imo State, South-East Nigeria
Azorji, J.N., Okechukwu, R.U., Udebuani, A.C., & Duru, C.M
Volume 10 | Issue 3 | Pages: 228-224 | PDF
Abstract: The study was carried out to appraise the volume, potential use, and disposal methods of spent engine oil generated in selected mechanic workshops in Imo State, South-East Nigeria. The study utilized a well-structured questionnaire, personal interviews, and field observations to generate relevant data on the mechanic workshops. Results obtained showed that the highest volume of spent engine generated was obtained from the Owerri zone (124,489.36 L), while the lowest was gotten from the Okigwe area (18,434.52 L). The total annual volume of spent engine oil generated (in liters) was 171, 354.88 from the entire study area. Both the frequency and percentage disposal methods were highest with those that dispose it in their immediate environment 168 (49.56%) while others used it for other purposes such as pest control 38 (11.21%), marking playground 25 (7.37%), treating roofing timber 43 (12.69) and pit latrine 18 (5.31%). The no knowledge of health, environmental risk, and training of disposal methods of spent engine oil were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the yes response of the study areas. The study concluded that there appear to be poor spent engine oil disposal attitudes among the mechanics in the state and that such a practice may lead to serious environmental pollution. The need for proper spent engine oil disposal methods among the mechanics is recommended.
Keywords: Engine oil, Volume, Disposal, Mechanic workshops, Imo state
Machine Learning Model for Reduction of Airborne Infections and Cognitive Load in a Car Cabin
Bankapalli Vamsi, Aasritha Bommadevara, Vanam Nagasri, Tejavath Tharun
Volume 10 | Issue 3 | Pages: 224-227 | PDF
Abstract: The importance of medical care has grown massively, making it one of life's most essential components. People often use their vehicles in recirculation mode to provide optimum cooling in many cities with high air humidity and temperatures. On the other side, the recirculation mode of the cabin's air prevents O2 from entering and causes a rise in CO2. Increased health concerns, a decline in focus, and poor performance are all related to the increased CO2 concentration brought on by human exhale and metabolism. The paper describes an experimental investigation on how carbon dioxide builds up in a car's interior as a result of metabolism and breathing by passengers; specific levels of this gas may be dangerous for everyone inside, especially drivers. It is critical to maintain cabin concentration levels within the authorized limits since inhaling this gas may impair a driver's ability to make intelligent decisions. Opening the cabin windows may be a practical, easy, and affordable way to do this. Opening the cabin windows, though might always make it less comfortable inside. As a response, given model passengers can temporarily open the windows may significantly affect how much CO2 is present within the cabin. Using Our MVPR machine learning model and we demonstrate a GUI Framework, that can predict the forecast of CO2 concentrations in a cabin at a particular time, temperature, and relative humidity to avoid negative health impacts caused by CO2 gas.
Keywords: Machine Learning, Airborne Infections, Occupational Health
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