JETT- Volume 5, Issue 1 (2017)

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Volume 5, Issue 1, (2017)

Acute Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Roach (Rutilus rutilus) and Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Ahmad Mohamadi Yalsuyi, Mohammad Forouhar Vajargah

Volume 5 | Issue 1 | Pages: 1-4 | PDF | HTML

Abstract: Aquatic Ecosystem pollution, due to the diversity in users of aquatic environment has become to one of the serious challenges biotic community. Study of fish in aquatic ecosystems can be to lead better understand and more comprehensive ecological analysis about aquatic ecosystem. Heavy metals such as silver are one of these pollutants. They can accumulate in living tissue and lead to poisoning. Also, these compounds have the ability to pass along the food chain. For this purpose 147 were in a range of different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (0, 0.2, 1, 2, 6, 10 and 15 ml/L). The mortality of treatments was calculated at intervals of 24, 48, 72, 96 hours. The result of present study showed, between toxicity of silver nanoparticles for Roach (6.590 ml/l) compared with Goldfish (11.2 ml/l), there was significant difference (p<0.05). Also the results showed that silver nanoparticles are highly toxic for fish species.

Keyword: Toxicity of silver nanoparticles, Freshwater Fishes, 96h LC₅₀

Screening and Characterization of Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria Isolated from Contaminated Soils with Oily Wastes

Odalys Rodríguez Gámez, Arelis Abalos Rodríguez, Javier Vilasó Cadre, José G. Cabrera Gómez

Volume 5 | Issue 1 | Pages: 5-11 | PDF | HTML

Abstract: Biosurfactants are amphiphilic compounds produced by microorganisms and have diverse uses in industry and agriculture. The biosurfactant producing microbes are helpful in bioremediation of heavy metal, pesticides and hydrocarbon contaminated sites. In this study, isolation and identification of biosurfactant producing strain was assessed. Soil samples from soils contaminated with soybean oil refining waste and hydrocarbon were collected. To confirm the ability of isolates to produce biosurfactant, agar blue plate, oil displacement test, drop collapsed assay and measurement of surface tension were conducted. The endogenous isolate ORA9 from contaminated hydrocarbon soil was found to be a good biosurfactant producer. This isolate produced a maximum biosurfactant production of 2,3 ± 0,8 g/L in fried soybean oil. With biochemical and 16s rRNA analysis the isolate ORA9 was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The chromatographic analysis revealed the glycolipidic nature and structural composition of the biosurfactant. The biosurfactant was found to emulsify crude oil and remove heavy metals from contaminated water. These abilities of the isolate can be utilized in environmental bioremediation procedures.

Keywords: Biosurfactants, oily wastes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, heavy metal

The Impact of Knowledge Management Models for the Development of Organizations

Haradhan Kumar Mohajan

Volume 5 | Issue 1 | Pages: 12-33 | PDF | HTML

Abstract: Knowledge is an essential item in our daily activities to perform the works efficiently. It is considered as the most important asset for every organization. Knowledge management is a system of acquiring, capturing, sharing, storing, developing, capitalizing, disseminating, and utilizing knowledge efficiently in organizations. This paper discusses some of the widely used knowledge management models (KMMs). The aim of KMMs is the substantial development of the organizations. Due to recent global economic competition they become essential to all communities. KMMs play vital roles for the rapid development in technology, and the emergence of new products and services in the society. The intention of this study is to investigate the theory and practice of the emerging and existing KMMs.

Keywords: KMMs, knowledge creation, organization, sense-making

Effect of Recycled Homogeneous Ceramic Waste Aggregates on Water Absorption of Mortar

Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim, Nur Farhayu Ariffn, Abdul Rahman Mohd. Sam, Arezou Shafaghat, Ali Keyvanfar

Volume 5 | Issue 1 | Pages: 34-37 | PDF | HTML

Abstract: Nowadays, concern for environmental issues encourages the researchers to find a solution for reducing depletion of natural resources. Utilizing the industrial wastes as a construction material is a win-win situation which has two benefits; first, will solve the problem of the landfill and on another hand by recycling and reusing the waste will increase natural materials reservation life span. Ceramic wastes are one of the by-products of ceramic manufacturing, which is directly meant for landfill ends traditionally. There have been several studies on replacement of ceramic waste with concrete admixture. However, there is no research on the effect of the using high rate of ceramic waste replacement on the rate of water absorption. This experimental work focuses on utilizing the homogeneous ceramic wastes as recycled aggregates and partial cement replacement and verifies the effect of this replacement on water absorption of mortar. River sand fully replaced by recycled ceramic aggregates and 40% of cement was replaced by fine ceramic powder. The specimens were cast in 100 x 100 x 100 mm cube for compressive strength test and water absorption test. Mortar containing the recycled ceramic wastes shows lower water absorption in compared to control specimens where the rate value, at the age of 90 days, are 1.32% and 2.11%, respectively.

Keywords: Water absorption, homogenous ceramic wastes; mortar

Assessment of Physico-Chemical and Zooplankton Assemblages in Some Ponds within Wilberforce Island, Nigeria

Emmanuel N. Ogamba, Nwabueze Ebere and Mercy T. Ekuere

Volume 5 | Issue 1 | Pages: 38-50 | PDF | HTML

Abstract: This study investigated the physicochemical and zooplankton assemblages in some selected ponds within Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa state, Nigeria. The study was carried out in August 2015 covering five selected ponds following standard procedure. Results of the physiochemical parameters were in the range of 6.45 – 6.68 (pH), 15.1 – 21.57NTU (turbidity), 9.19 – 10.60mg/l (biological oxygen demand), 0.00 – 0.10mg/l (salinity), 53.33 – 217.00µS/cm (conductivity), 32.67 -114.67mg/l (total dissolved solid), 2.04 – 5.83mg/l (total suspended solid), 6.21 – 6.87mg/l (dissolved oxygen), 85.13 – 143.10mg/l (chloride), 0.02 – 0.02mg/l (manganese) and 0.19 – 0.26mg/l (iron). Analysis of variance showed that there was significance variation (P<0.05) among the various locations for most of the physicochemical parameters. A total of 89 zooplankton species were identified and were classified into 13 taxonomic groups namely; Nematoda (17), Protozoa (19), Rotifera (27), Annelida (8), copepoda (1), Chordata (3), Chaetognatha (1), Gastropoda (3), Cladocera (2), Bryozoan (1), Crustaceans (2) and Porifera (3). In the study several zooplankton species that serve as indicator organisms were identified.

Keywords: Species Diversity, Physico-chemical Characteristics, Ponds, Wilberforce Island, Zooplankton

Clean to Clean: Using Paper Waste to Produce Fermentable Sugar for Bioethanol Production

Ali Arasteh Nodeh, Sina Aghili

Volume 5 | Issue 1 | Pages: 51-54 | PDF | HTML

Abstract: In this paper, using paper waste for producing fermentable sugar in bioethanol process and effect of three variables of acid concentration, acid type, and process time on sugar extracted from dilute acid hydrolysis of paper wastes has been investigated. Paper waste was hydrolyzed by Sulfuric and hydrochloric acids with 2, 3, 4, and 6 wt% within the intervals of 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 40 min at 121.5 °C in autoclave and glucose concentration was determined by Lane-Eynon method. Response Surface Method (RSM) was applied to interoperated the result. The curves indicated that the greatest concentration of extracted sugar has been obtained at the highest acid concentration and longest hydrolysis time. Further, sulfuric acid has extracted greater amounts of sugar than hydrochloric acid.

Keywords: paper wastes, renewable energy, fermentable sugar, RSM, hydrolysis

The Effect of Lambda cyhalothrin on Transferases, Urea and Creatinine in Organs of Parohiocephalus obscurus, a Common Niger Delta Wetland Fish

Inyang I.R., Seiyaboh, E.I and Tekena, J.D.

Volume 5 | Issue 1 | Pages: 55-58 | PDF | HTML

Abstract: The aim of this study was to unveil the effects of lambda cyhalothrin on transferase, urea and creatinine in Parophiocephalus obscurus. Thirty adult fish (mean length, 15.50 ±0.2cm) were acclimatized to laboratory condition for 10 days and then exposed to varying sublethal concentration of the toxicant (0.012, 0.024, 0.036mg/l) in semi static bioassay for 14 days. Tranferases (aspartate amino tansferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) were determined in the liver and muscle while creatinine and urea were determined in the muscle and kidney. Transferase values were significant (p<0.05) in the organs tested. A dose dependent decrease was recorded in the liver AST and muscle ALT while a dose dependent increase was recorded in the liver ALT and muscle AST. Muscle and kidney urea were not significant unlike creatinine in the muscle and kidney. The enzymes tested could be more useful biomarkers of sublethal effect of lambda cyhalotrin on Parophiocephalus obscurus. The results clearly unveiled the potential effect of lambda cyhalothrin

Keywords: Aspartate amino transferase, Alanine amino transferase, Lambda cyhalothrin, Urea, creatinine

Emission and Health Costs Estimation for Air pollutants from Municipal Solid Waste Management Scenarios, Case Study: NOx and SOx Pollutants, Urmia, Iran

Hassan Hoveidi, Alireza Aslemand, Faezeh Borhani, Saideh Fatemi Naghadeh

Volume 5 | Issue 1 | Pages: 59-64 | PDF | HTML

Abstract: Since all human activities somehow lead to the production of wastes, landfill practices should be chosen in such a way that they can respond to the increasing production of solid wastes and the pollutions they cause. SO_xand NO_xpollutants have detrimental effects on human health. Both of these pollutants in question can potentially be hazardous to human health. The framework of this study includes an evaluation of life cycle seeking to describe and quantify the impact of resource use and emissions, waste products, processes and policies on the environment. So, in this study two scenarios are defined based on solid waste life cycles using the Integrated Waste Management Software (IWM) model in which the data is calculated using ISO- 14040 and ISO-14044 standard methods. Economic values of the effects of these pollutants on human health are estimated according to SimPacts software. In this software the IWM model is used for assessing the health effects and costs. This study is done to describe and to evaluate the available plans for scoring the different impacts of alternative waste management Scenarios for Urmia city, including landfill, composting and recycling. The procedure of this research includes investigating NO_x and SO_xemission rates from the municipal solid waste disposal in Urmia and also assessing the cost of damage to human health. The results of this study showed that the number two scenario with a combination of 70% composite and hygienic landfill is selected as the top management scenario with the least damage costs to the human health. In addition, investigating 12 consequences, such as mortality, Chronic Bronchitis and damages resulting from the restricted activity days are determined as the most important side effects of the emissions of these pollutants.

Keywords: NO_x and SO_x Pollutants, Municipal Solid Waste, Urmia, IWM, SimPacts

Dorma Trading, Est. Publishing Manager