Volume 9, Issue 3, (2021)
A Comparative Study on Phenolic Wastewater Treatment by Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation Processes
Alaa N. Ghanim and Zahraa M. Juda
Volume 9 | Issue 3 | Pages: 667-674 | PDF
Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of using advanced electrochemical oxidation processes (AEOP's) to degrade phenol in wastewater. For comparison purposes, the direct and the indirect oxidation processes were tested to treat synthetic phenolic solution in a batch parallel plate electrochemical reactor with internal circulation. Successful application of the direct anodic oxidation experiments typically achieved once with graphite electrodes and then with β-PbO2 anode and stainless steel cathode. Along with the specific application of indirect electro-oxidation (electro-Fenton process) using sacrificed Fe anode and O2 diffusion carbon felt cathode performs in situ electrogeneration of hydroxyl radical OH•. In all extensive experiments, sodium sulfate was used as a supportive electrolyte to sufficient increase conductivity. Considering each process, the kinetic and therefore the reaction rate constant was significantly analyzed throughout the oxidation time. The phenol degradation efficiency has been investigated during the oxidation time with varied independent parameters like initial phenol concentration (100, 250, 500) mg/L, applied current density (30, 50, 70) mAcm-2, and electrolyte circulation (6, 9, 12) L/hr. It was estimated that, for 180 min oxidation time, 70 mAcm-2 current density, 12 L/hr flowrate, and 100 mg/L initial phenol concentration, the direct anodic oxidation achieved phenol degradation efficiency of 74.4% with graphite and 83.7% with β-PbO2 anodes. Otherwise, the indirect oxidation at the same condition achieved phenol degradation efficiency of 88.9% with Fe anode and carbon felt cathode.
Keywords: AEOP, Anodic Oxidation (AO), Electro-Fenton (EF), Phenol, Radical (OH•)
Application of Continuous Discharge Flow (CDF) as a New Method in The Sedimentation Unit for Removal of Raw Water Turbidity
Ridwan and Reri Afrianita
Volume 9 | Issue 3 | Pages: 698-703 | PDF
Abstract: The research aims to determine the effect of continuous discharge flow (CDF) on the settling zone in the sedimentation unit as a new method for enhancing turbidity removal efficiency. The research using a laboratory-scale reactor with a capacity of 240 liters/hour for 6 hours. The reactor consists of a coagulation unit with a waterfall and detention time of 5 seconds and uses alum as a coagulant. Perforated walls flocculation unit with a detention time of 30 minutes, and a sedimentation unit of the CDF method with a detention time of 1 hour. The research conducted 4 variations of the CDF, which are 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% with the initial turbidity of raw water in the Sungai Batang Kuranji Kota Padang being 23.61 NTU. Turbidity in sedimentation unit outlets ranged from 4.16 to 5.98 NTU with a maximum turbidity removal efficiency of 6% CDF was 82.38%. Statistical analysis showed a very strong relationship between variations in CDF values with turbidity removal efficiency, that is the correlation value of 0.988 and the significance value of 0.00 < 0.05. At 6% CDF, the flow in the settling zone was laminar with NRe values < 2,000 and NFr > 10-5.
Keywords: Sedimentation continuous discharge flow method, Froude's number (NFr), Reynolds number (NRe), Efficiency, Turbidity
Assess the Possibility of Producing Bioplastics from Leaf Extract of Ricinus Communis A Preliminary Study
Dhivya S, Mathiyazhagan Narayanan, Devarajan Natarajan, Kandasamy Sabariswaran, Gajendiran kandasamy, Selvaraj Vijayan
Volume 9 | Issue 3 | Pages: 588-593 | PDF
Abstract: The continuous utilization of petroleum-based various form of plastics are creating severe environmental pollution and causing less reversible damage to the ecosystem. Hence in this study, the possibilities of producing the bioplastics material from the leaf extract of Ricinus communis was studied. The physical properties of the hot water extract and pealed film of bioplastics derived from the mix of R. communis along with 0.75 g of glucose, 1.125g of gelatin, 0.565g of agar and 1.8 mL of glycerol (agitated on the magnetic stirrer at 60°C for 2 h) have studied by various assays such as solubility assay, swelling assay, density assay, and soil burial assay. The results of the swelling assay showed that the swelling ratio of the bioplastic was as 14.28%. Furthermore, the density assay was calculated as 0.17g. The two solvents namely, sulphuric acid and ortho-phosphoric acid, have completely solubilized the bioplastics at 40% and 20% of each solvent respectively. Significant volume or mass of degradation was observed in soil burial assay in 15 days of study. Finally, the preliminary results attained from this study concludes that the extracts of R. communis along with aforementioned blending components could be useful to produce a biodegradable bioplastic with the possibility of mass fabrication.
Keywords: Leaf extract, Ricinus communis, Bioplastic, Solubility, Biodegradable
Basic Nano Magnetic Particles and Essential Oils: Biological Applications
Sargol Mazraedoost and Gity Behbudi
Volume 9 | Issue 3 | Pages: 609-620 | PDF
Abstract: Essential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of volatile compounds with different biological properties. Essential oils and their ability to resist the production of biofilms by pathogenic microorganisms have been linked to antimicrobial activity. After adherence of these pathogenic microorganisms to surfaces leads primarily to antibiotic resistance, it is vital to look for compounds or methodologies with this capacity. Essential oils have gained a lot of attention in recent years due to studies of their anti-bacterial, antiviral, anti-fungal, and insecticidal properties. Due to their low toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, capability to precisely target tissue, and initial structures that enable various therapeutics to be attached, MNPs (magnetite nanoparticles) are one kind of nanocarrier that could be used to deliver EOs for antimicrobial therapies effectively.
Keywords:
Magnetite Nanoparticles; Nano therapies; Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria;
Nanoscaled Carriers; Anti-bacterial Essential oils
Biological Processes of Heavy Metals-Contaminated Environmental Remediation: A Review
Umar Aliyu Abdullahi, Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker, Nurul Elyni Mat Shaari, and Nadiawati Alias
Volume 9 | Issue 3 | Pages: 601-608 | PDF
Abstract: Environmental contamination as a result of utilization of chemicals such as pesticide, fertilizer, radioactive nucleotide and organic substances has serious deteriorating effect to the environmental (soil, water and air) quality. To restore the integrity of our environment, different scientific approaches are put forward including bioremediation, mycoremediation and phytoremediation processes where all of which are eco-friendly. Both bacteria, fungi and plants use extracellular secretion, adsorption and biosorption processes to remove/convert toxic pollutants such as heavy metals into less toxic matter; uptake and bioaccumulate the environmental contaminants and sequester them. bacteria use to sequester heavy metal with the help of low molecular weight cysteine-rich proteins glutathione, fungi use plastocyanin, metallothionein and glutathione, whereas plants use phytochelatins and metallothioneins. This review provides broader focus on involvement of bacteria, fungi and plants in alleviating heavy metals from contaminated environment and mechanisms involves.
Keyword: Heavy metals, Bioremediation, Mycoremediation, Phytoremediation
Chromium Removal from Industrial Effluent by Electrocoagulation: Operating Cost and Kinetics Study
Sunil R. Patel, Sachin P. Parikh
Volume 9 | Issue 3 | Pages: 621-628 | PDF
Abstract: This article reports the removal of chromium by electrocoagulation (EC) from metal complex dye (MCD) industrial effluent in a batch reactor using iron electrodes. The paper evaluates the application of EC process in assessing the impact of process parameters such as current density (CD), electrode distance (ED), pH, and supporting electrolyte (NaCl) concentration (Cs) for efficient removal of chromium from MCD effluent. The EC process showed, removal percentage 99.64 %, at the initial pH of 5.83, CD of 89.45 A/m2, ED of 0.7 cm, and operating time of 50 minutes, are the optimal operating parameters for the treatment of MCD effluent. It was also noticed that the removal of chromium is appreciably enhanced for acidic pH values. It was observed that the removal of chromium follows the 1st order reaction by kinetic analysis of EC method. As CD raised from 17.89 to 89.45 A/m2, the rate constant (k) was enhanced from 0.013 to 0.109 min-1, as a result of the presence of more quantity of iron flocs throughout EC. Analysis of sludge was carried out using FESEM- EDX, which confirmed the presence of chromium, and iron hydroxide in sludge. The present work confirms that EC is an efficient process for chromium removal from MCD effluent with a calculated operating cost of 0.207 US$/m3 and energy consumption of 2.499 kWh/m3.
Keywords: Electrocoagulation, Iron electrode, Metal complex dye (MCD) effluent, Chromium removal, Kinetic study
Comparative Study of Adsorption Capacity of Two Mixed Materials for Arsenic Remediation
Yacouba Sanou and Samuel Pare
Volume 9 | Issue 3 | Pages: 559-565 | PDF
Abstract: Arsenic pollution is one of issues for drinkable water supply in rural areas of Burkina Faso. The objective of this study was to look for a cheap technology for a better treatment of enriched arsenic water up to the admissible value (10 µg/L) in drinking water. To fulfil this objective, two mixed materials were prepared using a solid / solid mixture between laterite soil and granular ferric hydroxide for arsenic adsorption. Chemical analysis of laterite soil indicated a high amount of iron, aluminum and silicon. Batch experiments were conducted for As(V) adsorption using aqueous solutions. Results showed that the adsorption of arsenic (V) was strongly influenced by contact time, initial pH, adsorbent amount and initial As(V) concentration requiring their optimization. Indeed, the increase of the contact time between 5 and 90 min involved an increase of adsorption capacity up to 49.47µg/g while a change of initial pH caused a variation of adsorption capacity from 49 to 42.38 µg/g. An increase of initial arsenic concentration showed a proportional increase of adsorption capacity for both mixed material while this capacity decreased when the adsorbent amount increased. Using both kinetic models, As(V) adsorption followed best the pseudo-second order kinetic.
Keywords: Adsorption, Arsenic, Granular ferric hydroxide, Laterite, Mixed materials
Ground Water Quality Parameters of Water Samples Drawn from Different Parts of Pollachi, Tamilnadu, India using Multivariate Statistical Analysis
K. Ramakrishnan and V. Sudharson
Volume 9 | Issue 3 | Pages: 581-587 | PDF
Abstract: In the present investigation, multivariate statistical analysis of various Physico-chemical parameters of groundwater samples drawn from different parts of Pollachi, Tamilnadu, India have been carried out. In this study, water samples of three kinds like Bore well water, Open well water and Municipal water (drinking water) samples are consider. For each Bore well, Open well and Municipal water samples, indeed there have been ten water quality parameters namely Electric conductivity, pH value, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Bicarbonate, Chloride, Total Dissolved Solids and Alkalinity have been taken for the study. Descriptive Statistical parameters namely measure of central tendency and dispersion for these water samples are calculated and compared. Cross correlation between two sets of data is a commonly used measure to identify the similarities between the data. So, the coefficient of cross correlation for each category of water samples is developed separately and discussed in detail. Finally, variation between and within the group of water samples was studied using Analysis of variance. It is found that other than pH value, all the remaining water quality parameters shown significant variation.
Keywords: Pollachi, Water Quality Parameters, Ground water, Cross Correlation and ANOVA
Iron Removal from Ground Water through Expanded Polystyrene Filter
Ahmed Khaled Abdella Ahmed, Heba Abd Elnasser Abd Elmageed, Mohamed Hashem Abdel-Aal
Volume 9 | Issue 3 | Pages: 657-666 | PDF
Abstract: Expanded polystyrene (EPS) filtration is a promising method for groundwater iron removal. Pilot-scale experiments have been conducted through an up-flow filter. EPS beads were used as a filtration media to evaluate the elimination of iron from water. The used EPS beads have effective size, uniformity coefficient, and density of 0.63mm, 1.43, and 30 kg/m3, respectively. The water has been feed at different iron concentrations from 1 to 5 mg/L which resulted in turbidities from 3.5 to 12.5 NTU, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, was used as a coagulant. The filter was tested for filtration rates of 80, 100, and 120 m3/m2/day. Bed washing was performed in the downflow direction. Results showed that the EPS filter was successful in removing iron and turbidity with the percentage of 97% and 95%, respectively. The influent iron concentrations and filtration rate had remarkable effects on the effluent turbidity, iron concentration, filterability index, and headloss.
Keywords: Filtration, Groundwater treatment, Iron removal, Purification, Water turbidity
Kinetic, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Study of Methyl Orange Adsorption on Raw Clay from North of Morocco
Asmae LAAZIZ, Imane KOUDA, Abdeslam BARHOUN, Khalid DRAOUI
Volume 9 | Issue 3 | Pages: 675-685 | PDF
Abstract: Clays and clay minerals have highly reactive surface and interesting texture properties that can easily remove organic and inorganic contaminants from wastewaters. In this perspective, this work reports the study of clay-pollutant interactions by using Moroccan clay as absorbents and methyl orange as an anionic model of dyes textile. The clay was sampled in the region of Tetouan. The Structural, and physicochemical properties of the sample were determined using different characterization techniques (XRD, FTIR, SEM, ATG/ADT, BET, and CEC). The results revealed that the raw clay is mainly composed of kaolinite and smectite as clay minerals. The SiO2 / Al2O3 ratio was about 2.4. Its Cationic Exchange Capacity (CEC) was found to be 25.34 meq/100g. The specific surface area was equal to 51.28 m2/g. The adsorption isotherms were carried out using batch conditions. The kinetics adsorption of methyl orange (MO) on the clay revealed that equilibrium is rapidly reached. The data were adjusted by four kinetic models, including pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intra-particle diffusion model, and Elovich model. The pseudo-second-order model was the most adequate to describe the adsorption kinetics of the MO dye. The experimental results were modeled by four models, namely Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin Redushkevich (D-R), and Elovich. The adsorption isotherm showed that the Langmuir model perfectly represents the adsorption of methyl orange on the studied clay with a maximum adsorption capacity of 113 mg/g. The obtained thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption of methyl orange is feasible and spontaneous. The obtained results showed clearly that the selected clay could be used as an adsorbent of anionic dyes.
Keywords: Clay, Methyl Orange, Characterization, Adsorption, Kinetic, Thermodynamic
Modeling of Coronavirus Spread in Morocco using Statistical Approach: SIR Model
Elhoucein Layati, Abdellah Ouigmane, Omar Ouhsine, Abdelaziz Moujane, Marcelo de Carvalho Alves, Bagyaraj Murugesan, Anirudh V. Mutalik, Mohamed El Ghachi
Volume 9 | Issue 3 | Pages: 549-600 | PDF
Abstract: The recently emerged Covid-19 virus has caused more than 65,872,391 infections and 1,523, 656 deaths up to December 8, 2020 worldwide. The disease continues to spread in all countries. The use of mathematical models in public health plays an important role in many aspects, such as rapid visualization of epidemiological information, monitoring, forecasting and estimating the spread of disease, and assisting in decision-making on pandemic prevention and control. The objective of this study is to show the role of SIR model in predicting the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Moroccan kingdom and to estimate the time necessary for its disappearance. Thus, the results found following the use of the SIR model are almost similar to the results obtained by the Minister of Health in Morocco, so far we notice the rapid spread of this disease and 13 August 2021, the Covid-19 will be 0 confirmed cases. Thus, the calculation of the basic reproduction number R0 gave a value of 2.003 which shows that the number of infected people does not stop increasing until a vaccine for this virus is found. In this case, the respect of the rules of hygiene and containment can lower the value of R0 and the spread of pandemic.
Keywords: Covid-19, Morocco, SIR model, Basic reproduction number
Nitrate Removal from Groundwater by Strongly Basic Anion Exchange Resin, Duolite A161 (Type 1): Feasibility Study and Optimization
Sakina Belhamidi, Kaoutar Soufaini, Bousalham Srhir, Omar Elrhaouat, Fatima Elhannouni, Mohamed Taky, Azzeddine Elmidaoui
Volume 9 | Issue 3 | Pages: 566-572 | PDF
Abstract: In this study, a powerfully basic anion exchange resin (type 1): Duolite A161 was used in batch mode sorption studies in order to evaluate its efficiency in removing nitrate ions. In the first part of this work, the optimization of the parameters influencing the efficiency of the resin, namely: The dose of the resin (0.5 to 8 g), the stirring speed (10 to 120 rpm), the contact time (5 to 30 min), the initial nitrate concentration (30 to 180 ppm) and the pH (4 to 11), was carried out. The second part was devoted to studying the competitiveness of anions and cations, commonly present in groundwater, namely: sulfates, bicarbonates, chlorides, fluorides, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium; under the predetermined optimum conditions so as to examine its effect on the retention of nitrate ions by the resin. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the strong base anion exchange resin, such that more than 99% elimination of nitrate ions was obtained at: 2 g of resin, 100 mg / L of nitrates, with stirring of 30rpm and during 18 min. On the other hand, the presence of anions: sulfates, chlorides, bicarbonates and fluorides resulted in an average reduction of 13%, 32%, 23% and 8% respectively. While the presence of cations: sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, had no effect on the effectiveness of the resin. Hence, the strong bases resin (type 1): Duolite A161 is one of the most attractive commercial exchangers, in terms of efficiency in removing nitrate ions from contaminated groundwater.
Keywords: Anion exchange resin, Duolite A161, Groundwater, Removing nitrate
Performance Efficiency of a Large-Scale Integrated Constructed Wetland: Designed for Domestic Wastewater Treatment
Kanza Naseer, Imran Hashmi, Muhammad Arshad, Hamza Farooq Gabriel
Volume 9 | Issue 3 | Pages: 629-635 | PDF
Abstract: Wastewater treatment plants are used to reduce pollution depending upon their effectiveness, treatment-efficiency, available-land, energy-sources, topography, climate and prevailing-winds, seasonal and climatic variations, and principal-cost. Integrated constructed wetlands (ICWs) are diversely used for wastewater treatment because of their increased treatment efficiency. Purpose of the study: This study comprises of large-scale-ICW located at NUST Islamabad, Pakistan. Purpose of study was to monitor and identify the nutrient removal over the period of six month from October 2018 to March 2019. Samples were taken from each compartment of HSSF-CW (Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetland) and FILTER technology (Filtration and Irrigated cropping for Land Treatment and Effluent Reuse) of treatment system. Different parameters including EC (Electrical conductivity), NO3 (Nitrate), NO2 (Nitrite), TKN (Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen), PO43- (Phosphate) were measured. Removal efficiency of above discrice parameters was recorded 3, 0, 43, 43 and 27% of HSSF-CW respectively, while FILTER- technology contribute in removal by 6, 75, 19, 23 and 37% respectively. Spatial, temporal and plantation variation was calculated and results showed that effluent concentrations were significantly varied. TKN and Phosphate showed significant spatial and temporal variation, and also significantly varied due to presence and absence of plantation while no significant spatial variation was recorded in EC and Nitrite. Correlation was observed between physicochemical and weather parameters.
Keywords: Integrated constructed wetland, Domestic wastewater, Spatial and temporal variation, HSSF-CW, FILTER technology
Phycoremediation: Heavy Metals Green-Removal by Microalgae and Its Application in Biofuel Production
Angga Puja Asiandu, Agus Wahyudi
Volume 9 | Issue 3 | Pages: 647-656 | PDF
Abstract: Heavy metals are non-degradable pollutants. Heavy metal accumulation in the environment increases along with the massive industrial activity and the growth of the human population. These pollutants are hazardous to various kinds of living things. The accumulation of heavy metals in the environment triggers bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Heavy metal exposure causes some health problems in humans. The conventional methods of heavy metals adsorption are less effective, expensive, and cause other problems. Phycoremediation using microalgae is a promising alternative method for absorbing heavy metals. Microalgal cells consist of various components such as lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins. Those compounds contain negative charges that will interact with positive charges on heavy metals. The bond between these different charges leads to the adsorption of heavy metals in the environment to the surface of microalgal cells. In this review, the authors discussed the potential use of microalgae to adsorb heavy metals polluting the environment. Phycoremediation is cheaper, easier, and safer for the environment. Besides, microalgal biomass can be utilized in biofuel production.
Keywords: Biofuel, Biosorption, Heavy Metals, Phycoremediation
Removal of Estrogens in Kuwaiti Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants
Abdalla Abusam, Talat Saeed and Noura Al-Jandal
Volume 9 | Issue 3 | Pages: 642-646 | PDF
Abstract: The presence of estrogens in the environment is gaining great attention worldwide due to their potential adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and public health. Estrogen pollution is generally related to incomplete removal at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). To ascertain the status of estrogens pollution in Kuwait, this study evaluated the removals of estrogens at municipal WWTPs in Kuwait. The solid-phase extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used for the determination of estrogens concentrations in influent and effluent streams of three main municipal WWTPs (Kabd, Suliabiya, and Umm-Al-Haiman). Obtained results indicated that the concentration of estrogens in the influent streams ranged from 0.0 to 474 ng/l, while that in the effluent streams were between 0.0 to 233 ng/l. Both influent and effluent concentrations showed high variations around mean values. Average removal rates of total estrogens were found to be 13%, 79%, 68%, for Kabd, Suliabiya, and Umm-Al-Haiman, respectively. This study indicated that the operation of municipal WWTPs in Kuwait needs to be upgraded/optimized to maximize estrogens’ elimination. It also revealed that Kuwait needs to regulate discharges of estrogens from WWTPs to prevent further pollution of the marine environment and groundwater.
Keywords: Wastewater, Municipal plants, Treatment, Estrogens, Removal efficiency
Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto Baobab Fruit Shell Activated Carbon: Equilibrium and Kinetics Studies
Radhia Nedjai, Nassereldeen Ahmed Kabbashi, Ma’an Fahmi Rashid Alkhatib, Md Zahangir Alam
Volume 9 | Issue 3 | Pages: 642-646 | PDF
Abstract: Phenol compounds are considered one of the major problems faced by many countries owing to their release in wastewaters from various industries. These pollutant compounds are harmful to marine life and human beings. Therefore, in the present study, Baobab Fruit Shells (BFS) were used as a precursor for the production of activated carbons for the removal of phenol. The chemical activation of BFS using ZnCl2, H3PO4, and KOH with an impregnation ratio of 1:1 at 500 ̊C for 1 h in Nitrogen (N2) atmosphere was investigated. The effects of these chemicals on the performances of the prepared activated carbons (yield, surface area, adsorption properties) were studied. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and N2 adsorption analyses were performed for the characterization of BFS-ACs. SEM results showed that porous structures were formed on the surface of different sizes. FTIR analyses show the presence of different surface groups on the activated carbons. The highest BET surface area and micropore volume were obtained by KOH with 1029.435 m2/g and 0.369 cm3/g, respectively. The developed BFS-ACs were used for the removal of phenol from the aqueous solution. The results indicated KOH in terms of adsorption and efficiency showed better results with a maximum adsorption capacity of 36.90 mg/g at a higher initial concentration (600 mg/L). The adsorption rate of phenol by BFS-ACs was rapid and more than 95.02 % phenol could be absorbed by KOH-AC within the initial 15 min. Phenol adsorption behavior can be described by the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetics. This study provided an effective source that could be used in the production of activated carbon for the treatment of wastewaters as it could be attained at a low cost.
Keywords: Activated Carbon, Baobab Fruit shell, Chemical Activation, Phenol Adsorption, Kinetics & isotherms adsorption
Study the Performances of Electrodialysis using Anionic Membrane Exchange AXE for Removing Nitrate Ions from Ground Water
Sakina Belhamidi, Omar Elrhaouat, Hajar Zeggar, Fatima Elhannouni, Mohamed Taky, Azzedine Elmidaoui
Volume 9 | Issue 3 | Pages: 573-580 | PDF
Abstract: Pollution of groundwater and surface water by nitrates is becoming a common problem for both industrial and developing countries. The concentration of nitrate in many regions in Morocco greatly exceeds the standards for drinking water. The harmful effects of nitrates on infants in particular, are well known. Methemoglobinemia and the carcinogenicity of nitrosamines constitute the main risks of drinking water polluted with nitrate. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency and the feasibility of the anion exchange membrane: AXE using an electro-dialysis pilot plant for the reduction of nitrate ions of groundwater of Sidi Taibi (Region of Kenitra), containing a concentration of nitrate in order of 60-120mg/l. The study of the optimization of the parameters influencing the efficiency of the anionic membrane exchange, namely: Flow rate, Voltage, Specific energy consumption, Optimization of the recovery rate, Demineralization rate, confirmed the feasibility and the efficiency of this membrane. The results of this study show that only 33% demineralization rate, the standard concentration of nitrate (50ppm) was obtained.
Keywords: Electro dialysis, Nitrate removal, Optimization, Anionic membrane exchange (AXE)
The Energy Potential Assessment of Controlled Landfills in Morocco, by Dimensioning a Dry and Discontinuous Methanation Plant, Following the Household and Similar Waste Physicochemical Characterization Results
Akram FARHAT, Hassan ZAHBOUNE, Kaoutar LAGLITI and Mohammed FEKHAOUI
Volume 9 | Issue 3 | Pages: 704-713 | PDF
Keywords: Recovery matter, Organic matter, Biogas, Electrical efficiency, Discontinuous digesters
Ultrasound-assisted Adsorption of Copper from Aqueous Solution by using Natural Mauritanian Clay as Low-cost Adsorbent: A Preliminary Study
Abdoulaye Demba N’diaye, Mohamed Abdallahi Bollahi, Mohamed Sid’Ahmed Kankou
Volume 9 | Issue 3 | Pages: 636-641 | PDF
Abstract: The aim of the present study concerns the feasibility of using natural Mauritanian clay for the removal of Copper from an aqueous solution. The proposed adsorbent was characterized by pH, moisture, bulk density, loss mass ignition, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The effects of adsorbent mass and contact time were analyzed. The adsorption kinetic data were analyzed using the Pseudo First Order (PFO) and Pseudo Second Order (PSO) models and the results showed that the PSO model best described the adsorption kinetics. The adsorption equilibrium of Copper was described by Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The equilibrium is perfectly adapted to the Langmuir model with the maximum adsorption capacities for Copper on Mauritanian clay adsorbent at pH 6.8 and pH 9 were found to be 0.081 and 0.31 mg g-1, respectively on a single layer. This study convinced that the Mauritanian clay is a promising adsorbent and could be an alternative, attractive, economic, and environmentally friendly adsorbent for Copper removal from aqueous solution via ultrasound-assisted adsorption.
Keywords: Ultrasound-assisted adsorption, Mauritanian clay, Kinetics, Isotherms, Adsorbent
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