Features of Alcohol Consumption Motives and Practices by Full-Time and Part-Time training Students

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2019, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages: 438-444

J. Environ. Treat. Tech.

ISSN: 2309-1185

Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com

Features of Alcohol Consumption Motives and

Practices by Full-Time and Part-Time training

Students

Gennadii A. Cornilov , Konstantin B. Ilkevich , Elena V. Shalomova , Irina G. Kartushina ,

Mikhail L. Musharatsky , Nikolay A. Mashkin , Sergey A. Altukhov

North-Caucasus Institute (Branch) of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of

Russia), Department of Criminal Procedural Law, Makhachkala, Russia. E-mail: skrug222@mail.ru

Gzhel State University, Department of Physical Culture and Life Safety, Elektroizolyator, Russia. E-mail:

ilk_kb@mail.ru

Alexander G. Grigorievich and Nikolai G. Stoletovs Vladimir State University, Department of Foreign Languages of

Professional Communication, Vladimir, Russia. E-mail: shalomova2013@mail.ru

Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Department of Engineering and Technical Systems, Kaliningrad, Russia. E-

mail: ikartushina@kantiana.ru

Perm Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Department of Criminal and Penal Law, Perm, Russia. E-

mail: mml_59@mail.ru

Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Department of State and Legal Disciplines, Moscow, Russia. E-mail:

mashkin.n.a@mail.ru

Rostov Institute (Branch) of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia),

Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia. E-mail: ser-altuhov@yandex.ru

Received: 01/07/2019

Accepted: 13/08/2019

Published: 20/08/2019

Abstract

Purpose: This article is devoted to an urgent problem – the problem of alcohol consumption culture by the younger generation.

The aim of the study is to identify the factors, motives and practices of alcohol consumption by full-time and part-time students, as

well as a description of students’ alcohol consumption culture. Methodology: The leading methods for the study of this problem are

the methods of questioning and interviews, allowing analyzing the factors and motives that contribute to the consumption of

alcoholic beverages. These methods helped to identify the particularities of the practices of alcohol consumption by students of by

full-time and part-time training. Result: The article considers the factors that contribute to the consumption of alcohol by students of

full-time and part-time students of training: social factor (the presence of a company of close people who can support dialogue; the

acquisition of social ties); material factor (increase or decrease in income); psychological factor (stress relief, antidepressant, and the

possibility of emancipation). Applications: The data obtained in the work can be used in sociology, social psychology, psychology of

education, psychology of deviant behavior, as well as for further theoretical development of this issue. Novelty/Originality: The

novelty and originality of the study lies in the fact that it highlights the main motives of alcohol consumption by students of part-time

training: a way to relax from work; stress relief; observance of the ritual; the ability to be liberated with people; with whom sober

communication is unpleasant. Most often, alcohol by students and full-time and part-time forms of training is used at home (the most

comfortable place); at a party (a special leisure organization); in bars (attracts a special atmosphere).

Keywords: student youth, forms of training, the alcohol, the motives of alcoholic beverages’ consumption, the practice of alcohol

consumption.

perceived as a socially acceptable phenomenon. Alcohol

Introduction

gives pleasure, gives the opportunity to lighten the mood, to

relax, to distract from stress, to relieve tension. In addition,

alcohol intake contributes to the function of socialization

Alcohol consumption is an integral part of the lifestyle,

culture and everyday life of the population majority in many

countries of the world; in the mass consciousness it is

(communication, social networking, social trust, hospitality,

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2019, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages: 438-444

goodwill); it is an indispensable attribute of the celebration of

important and solemn events. I.V. Aleshina considers

various aspects of marketing influence: external and internal

factors of consumer behavior (2). Development of theoretical

and applied aspects of consumer behavior from the

perspective of culture’s sociology is presented in many works

asleep in the cold, as alcohol contributes to drowsiness, but is

not responsible for the quality of sleep. Just because of the

bad weather in places where the temperature is low out of

door, there are fewer ways of entertainment, leisure is

limited, so alcohol is the main way to escape from everyday

life and reduce emotional stress. The southern type is typical

for countries with warm climate, such as Italy, France, and

Israel and so on. In contrast to the Northern type where

alcohol is consumed on weekends, the southern type is

typical for daily consumption of alcohol with a low level of

pure alcohol in small quantities. Popular drinks of this type

include beer, wine drinks and other soft drinks. The

consequences of this type are not as large-scale as in the

North. Alcoholism is not such a problem of society, because

few people get drunk to a state of serious consequences and

drink alone. Alcohol consumption is ritual, as part of food

consumption (11,14,27,30).

The Central European type is the middle type between

North and South. That is, on weekdays there is the presence

of low-alcohol drinks during the meal and on weekends

strong alcohol is consumed. Russia is gradually moving to

this type, but the consequences of this type are worse than

others (7,8,13,16,17,18,20,22,24,25,29,30,31).

In the work of Z.V. Kotelnikova "the Relationship of

alcohol consumption practices with the social structure of

modern Russia" describes in detail the transition from the

Northern and southern type of alcohol consumption in

Central European one (14).

(

7,8,9,28,29,33). In domestic science for a long period,

mainly two approaches were developed: normative (studying

the norms of consumption (1) and behavioral. According to

A.A. Ovsyannikov, I.I. Pettai and N.M. Rimashevskaya

(1989), behavioral approach based on the study of

consumption as a very social phenomenon, is a way to detect

the internal laws of human behavior in the field of

consumption (19). The predictive task of the behavioral

approach and its constructive sense is reflected in it.

In the second half of the XX century, the phenomenon of

consumer behavior expanded the boundaries and went

beyond Economics, as the study of consumer behavior only

in the framework of the economic theory is ineffective for

understanding and solving practical problems. It is necessary

to consider the behavior of consumers in terms of culture’s

sociology, the formation of values and life orientation.

Since the mid-1980s, the interest of scientists has

developed to the image, styles and levels of life typical for

different social strata of society. Consumer behavior in the

works of L.N. Zhilina and Frolova, N.T. (1969), A.G.

Zdravomyslov (1986), V.D. Patrushev (1999) are considered

not only in economic, but also in psychological and

sociological aspects (3,4,10,21,24,32,34).

Among the modern Russian scientists dealing with the

problems of consumption, we can distinguish a number of

names (5,6,12,15,23). Property differentiation as one of the

manifestations of social differentiation, the ratio of

consumption and such factors of social stratification, as

education, income, occupation, are in the study center. In

order to describe the culture of alcohol consumption by

modern students it is necessary to analyze the statistics of

consumption in several countries. Based on the data of

countries’ ranking in terms of alcohol consumption,

expressed in liters of pure ethyl alcohol per capita for 2014,

Russia ranks the 4th place - 15.76 liters, when the US - the

Another reason for alcohol consumption can be cultural

and anthropological traditions of food and alcohol

consumption, as a ritual: the transition from working time to

leisure, through alcohol consumption or a certain celebration

(champagne for the New Year). Thus, consumption becomes

not a satisfaction of needs, but part of the change in social

positions between individuals through the acquisition of

symbolic characteristics.

Methodology

Questionnaire survey and interview were chosen as the

main research method. Accordingly, the following tasks were

identified:

6th place - 9.44 liters. At the same time, European countries

occupy the top lines of the rating (Moldova - the 1st place -

8.22 liters, Czech Republic - the 2nd place - 16.45 liters,

Describe the culture of alcohol consumption and the factors

of its formation in modern students of different forms of

education.

Hungary – the 3rd place - 16.27 liters and other countries).

There are several types of alcohol consumption: Northern,

southern and Central European.

To analyze the rationalization of modern students' alcohol

consumption practices and associated changes in lifestyle.

To analyze the socio-demographic impact of alcohol

consumption culture of modern students.

Determine how the practice of alcohol consumption

depends on the factors surrounding the individual.

Highlight the relationship between alcohol consumption

practices and the form of training.

Consider how alcohol consumption practices depend on: the

The Northern type is typical for Russia, Ireland and

Iceland. In history, this type was the most popular in Russia,

as it is associated with strong alcoholic beverages and rare

practices, but in large quantities, which brings many

consequences. Alcohol is associated with entertainment, so

getting drunk is the norm and the consequences are explained

by the justification of consumption. In addition, the

consequences can be violent. In addition, alcoholism

becomes a social problem of society and brings diseases

associated with it. A popular drink of this type is vodka, in

which the content of pure alcohol is about 40%. Territorial

location of the countries, namely the climate contributes to

the existence of this type. There is a myth that strong alcohol

helps to warm up, although in fact the consumption of it

reduces body temperature. It also causes people to die falling

type of leisure; the material condition; the expenditure of

money on alcohol consumption; the length of consumption,

the preference for alcohol; the place of consumption; the

company with which alcohol consumption occurs; the

purpose of alcohol consumption; the amount of alcohol

consumed.

The Course of the Study: Thanks to the pilot study, it was

found that modern students consume alcohol with

frequency of at least once a month. An important factor for

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2019, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages: 438-444

use is the social group with which the fact of use occurs.

Motivation to use is the possibility of acquiring new social

connections, the possibility of emotional relief and alienation

from the consequences of their actions. The presence of a

higher level of well-being would only change the choice of

drinks in quality; on the frequency of use according to the

subjective assessment of informants, this change would not

have an impact. A key factor in the impact on the choice of a

person in relation to participation in alcohol consumption, the

informants proposed the impact on the initial fostering of a

person by society and family, by being acquainted with real

examples of the effects of alcohol on the sensory system. The

rejection of alcohol seems positive, but within the existing

society, it is impossible because of mass consumption. The

informants draw attention to the fact that the system of

society should be changed to refuse alcohol products.

Students of full time form of training express the view that, if

the less pressure is happen, if the standard of living are higher

and if public opinion is welcome, all these factors will

positively contribute to the rejection of the use of alcohol.

what quantities, what composition, why exactly was the

consumption of alcohol by modern students. In order to draw

a parallel with the quantity and quality of consumption and

the factors surrounding the individual, the analysis will be

carried out in separate groups.

The first group – factors. The first factor that we have

identified is the form of training. There are two groups of

students:

1) full-time students (58%);

2) part-time students (42%).

As a rule, students who study full-time study, spend more

time studying, so their leisure time is different. These

students do not have enough time to work, some do not need

it because of the sufficient level of financial condition of the

family. As a rule, free time from studying is occupied by

Hobbies within the University. It can be various Amateur

clubs, student Council, etc.

Students who are studying on part –time of training, on

the contrary, have less time to devote to learning. The main

free time from training is occupied by work and social

problems are of a different nature. Leisure time is simplified,

Hobbies recede into the background due to lack of free time.

As a rule, this group rests for the sake of reducing emotional

stress. At the same time, the leisure of full-time and part-time

students coincides in the fact that both groups spend their

leisure time with alcohol. Only consumption goals may

differ.

Further, interviews were conducted based on a pilot

study, 10 informants were selected from the respondents

using the questionnaire for the interview.

Resalts

Thanks to the interviews, we can see the culture of

alcohol consumption in modern students is. We received a

detailed description from informants about how, where, in

поreducing the stress

celebrate a festive event

gained during training

Figure 1: Dominant goals of alcohol consumption in full-time students

In the first group, the goal of consumption is to reduce

the load that appears during training (alcohol reduces the

stress received at the University) – 32%. In addition, the goal

is a festive event within the social group with a common

passion – 61%.

In the second group, the goal is also the need to reduce the

load received, mainly at work – 82%, but also a way to make

new social connections within the team or new unfamiliar

groups, alcohol is an antidepressant and helps to relax – 23%.

The amount of consumption and preferences are not

particularly different in these groups of students.

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2019, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages: 438-444

need to reduce work load a way to make new social

connections

Figure 2: The dominant goals of alcohol consumption among students of correspondence form of education.

The next factor is the leisure of students. We have

identified several types of alcoholic leisure:

) students who work prefer to spend their free time at

home with a small amount of soft drinks and on weekends

with friends at the bar or at a party) – 76%;

) students without work, as mentioned above, spend

time depending on the hobby, in the company of people with

a similar hobby, alcohol is consumed in meetings with the

company, both low-alcohol and strong drinks – 32%;

The third group – the place of consumption of alcoholic

beverages. Students identified alcohol consumption at home,

as the most comfortable place (88%). At the same time,

visiting is also quite comfortable, but practices are less

frequent, since it depends on the organization of leisure for

the whole group and a lot of money is spent on the

organization (34%). Bars attract attention due to their special

atmosphere (13%). Informants like the features of each

institution, and the process of consumption becomes more

exciting and varied. Informants rarely talked about

restaurants, since they prefer to drink in order to drink. At the

same time, it is noted that a good snack or a special dish is

easier to get at the bar, as there may suggest which dish is

better suited to alcohol.

(

) some students spend their leisure time alone, at the

computer, consume alcohol both strong and weak, in large

quantities than the rest of the group – 13%.

The second group is the financial situation. An important

factor of alcohol consumption by modern students is their

material condition. Many students not only work, but also

independently rent a house to live separately from their

parents, have a financial burden in the form of credit

obligations to banks, which worsens their emotional state.

We have identified three groups of students based on

financial condition:

Discussions

It is important to note the socio-demographic impact of

the culture of modern urban students’ alcohol consumption. It

should be noted that the characteristics of the city within the

targeted group to assess alcohol consumption practices are

important. The climate in Russia combines cold winters and

warm summers, which indicates the practices of the Northern

and southern types. In addition, the city in which the study

was conducted is known for its brewery. If we talk about how

propaganda affects consumption, the city itself is this

propaganda, as it is known for its beer. Every resident and

student including at least once tasted beer and this drink is

considered a cultural asset in the modern world, which

increases its popularity. In addition, the attitude to alcohol is

also changing, as beer is not considered as harmful as other

alcoholic beverages.

One of the leisure activities is a walk to places of interest,

rest on the waterfront of the city, but this is accompanied by

alcohol consumption. The law prohibits the use of alcoholic

beverages in public places and is punishable by a fine and not

only. However, students find ways to circumvent these laws.

For example, disguise the consumption of alcohol, with the

help of closed containers, glasses without a brand of drink or

an alcohol package. Alcohol sellers themselves import these

attributes to increase sales within the framework of a fierce

policy.

) The group where regardless of income, taste

preferences do not change and do not affect the quantity and

quality of the selected alcohol – 51%;

) Those who prefer low-alcohol drinks, with an increase

in income prefer strong alcoholic beverages bole high quality

22%;

) The group whereas income increases the alcohol

–

consume occurs by preference, and only the products’ quality

increases – 13%;

) The group where while reducing the income of all

informants are willing to abandon the consumption of

alcohol.

Thus, it turns out that there are students who have formed

a stable taste and they are not ready to change it (51%).

However, many emphasize that they consume low-alcohol

drinks because of their affordability; if possible, they are

ready to change their preferences completely. Many students

are rational in their choice and open to new habits because

their income increases, the basic tastes remain, but the quality

increases (22%). It is important that, like the adult generation,

in a crisis, students are ready to give up alcohol consumption

in favor of other needs.

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2019, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages: 438-444

It turns out that the socio-demographic component is both

negative and positive for consumption. First, alcohol bans do

not become a problem and increase the amount of drink

consumed. Secondly, the development of drinking

establishments helps to combat the risk of alcoholism, as

students consume in public places, not alone and monitor

their behavior, and therefore control the amount of drunk.

Within the framework of this article, a study was

conducted that identified different groups of alcohol

consumption behavior of young people:

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