Sustainable development management of an urban municipality

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2019, Volume 7, Issue 4, Pages: 075-0ꢀ6

J. Environ. Treat. Tech.

ISSN: 2309-1185

Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com

Sustainable Development Management of an

Urban Municipality

*

Tatyana VAZHENINA , Rada DUKA, Elena KorYakina, Nadezhda Sheveleva

Industrial University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia

Received: 02/07/2019

Accepted: 27/08/2019

Published: 03/09/2019

Abstract

The results of a study on the sustainable development of an urban municipality are presented in this article. The object of

scientific work is the municipality of the city of Tyumen. The subject of the research is socio-economic and administrative relations

that contribute to ensuring the sustainable development of urban municipalities. The purpose of the study is to develop

recommendations and proposals for managing sustainable development of the city of Tyumen. The following hypothesis is put

forward by the authors in this paper: there is an assumption that updating recommendations on the effective management of the

sustainable development of the city of Tyumen in order to improve the state of the three aspects of sustainable development or to

maintain them at an optimal level in the long term is an important principle of the administrative apparatus of the city. An optimal

balance of economic, social and environmental condition of the city is possible with systematic management of these aspects of

sustainable development. In this paper, the authors studied some methods for assessing the sustainable development of an urban

municipality and proposed an improved method for assessing the sustainable development of a city. The authors also evaluated the

sustainable development of an urban municipality using the city of Tyumen as an example. The activities and recommendations for

managing the sustainable development of the city of Tyumen were proposed.

Keywords: Sustainable development, Tyumen, Sustainable development assessment, Sustainable development management, Urban

municipality, Factors for sustainable development provision, Ecological environment, Social environment, Socio-economic

development, Resource potential.

1

development. Therefore, it is important to properly and

1

Introduction

effectively manage their social, economic and environmental

development in order to ensure comfortable living conditions

in the city (improving the quality of life and incomes of the

population and, as a result, replenishing budgets (2)),

increasing the efficiency of production activities of economic

entities of the municipality, rational use of natural resources.

Management of an urban municipality should be aimed at

strengthening the autonomy of local authorities, which, on

their part, should search for the possibility of self-

development based on their own resources (3).

The relevance of the research topic is that at the present

time municipal government plays an important role in the

context of public administration. The state as a whole is

governed through the management of municipalities. The

need to manage sustainable urban development is caused by

two opposite outcomes of events: urbanization of cities

occurs, and a large concentration of people in one place

prevails as a result, and in contrast to this fact, complex and

contradictory socio-demographic, economic, technological,

environmental and other problems emerge, affecting both the

city itself and the state (1).

1

. As a result, there is an objective need to manage the

sustainable development of an urban municipality, providing

favorable conditions for the socio-economic development of

the city, developing its resource potential and innovative

technologies, as well as creating a conceptually new structure

of consumption and production, while maintaining ecological

balance in the context of constant progress (4).

The concept of sustainable development focuses on

ensuring a balanced synthesis of three aspects of sustainable

development. It sets targets for determining the priorities of

socio-economic development of territories and actively

eliminates problem areas of the municipalities’ uneven

2

.

The object of the study is the Tyumen city

municipality.

The subject of the research is the socio-economic and

administrative relations that contribute to the sustainable

development of urban municipalities.

3

.

Corresponding author: Tatyana VAZHENINA, Industrial

University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia. Email:

vazhnaiy82@yandex.ru.

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2019, Volume 7, Issue 4, Pages: 075-0ꢀ6

4

.

The aim of the study is to formulate

indicators are generalized, are measurable, and reflect the

current characteristics of all the presented factors of the

sustainable development of the city allowing visual

assessment of the studied urban municipality state. The

authors identified five main indicators based on six factors of

the territory development that describe the state of sustainable

development of the city:

1. City functionality. This indicator includes industrial,

cultural and economic spheres of the city. The set of city

functions determines its level of development (the level of

functionality is higher when the city performs more

functions: multifunctional, mesofunctional, monofunctional

cities). This functionality allows characterizing the city in its

main areas of activity and niche affiliation.

recommendations for the effective management of Tyumen

city municipality sustainable development.

Statistical materials of the Territorial Body of the Federal

State Statistics Service for the Tyumen Region, the

Administration of the Tyumen Municipal District,

monographs and periodicals, materials of scientific and

practical conferences and seminars on the problem of

sustainable development of territories became the

informational background of this paper.

2

Materials and Methods

In order to assess the sustainable development of the city

of Tyumen,

a method for assessing the sustainable

2

. The ratio of wages to the subsistence minimum. This

development of urban municipalities by Bogomolova and

Mashentsova was applied. Based on this method, factors that

ensure sustainable urban development are assessed (5).

According to the authors of this method, the state of the

social sphere of the city and its infrastructure, as well as the

environmental component, both directly depend on the

economic condition of the territory.

The social sphere of an urban municipality includes the

quality of life of the population, the ecological situation and

the economic development of the territory. The following

rule applies for this aspect of sustainable development: "city

development becomes sustainable when the city's economy

becomes independent and less prone to peak points of a

crisis. Such a city becomes autonomous and does not depend

on the economy of other cities and the country as a whole".

Important spheres of city life are industrial, economic and

cultural and recreational ones. They determine the priority of

the characteristics of the territory relative to other factors of

sustainable development, as well as the place of the territory

among the functional classification of cities.

Thus, based on the above, the authors identify six main

social, economic and environmental factors that ensure

sustainable development: territorial management or the

administrative apparatus; the economic condition of the

territory; the state of the cultural sphere; economic

development rates; the manufacturing sector; the state of the

social sphere associated with the state of the city’s ecology.

These factors directly affect the sustainable development

of an urban municipality and also contribute to improving the

competitiveness of the city, being key areas for comparing

the studied city with other cities, as well as for possible

changes in any factors in the future. All factors are

interrelated and are part of one system (6). In the framework

of the system approach, any change in one of the factors will

inevitably entail a change in the rest of them (7).

indicator gives an idea of the quality of life of the population

and reflects the socio-economic situation of the city, based on

the ratio of the minimum necessary funds for living to the

funds that can be spent for other purposes. In other words, the

ratio of wages to the subsistence minimum in quantitative

terms makes it possible to determine the amount of free cash

per capita, the solvency of the population and its material

well-being.

3

. The ratio of retail trade turnover to the subsistence

minimum. This indicator represents the percentage of free

cash of the population that is spent on purchases and

entertainment, and also reflects the level of solvency of the

population. The economic security of the population is

expressed through the following dependence: the higher the

values of this indicator, the higher the purchasing power. This

implies the conclusion about the quality of life of the city and

its economic climate.

4

. Average life expectancy. This indicator reflects the

quality of life of the population in socially significant

directions. Average life expectancy is a fairly versatile

indicator that includes a set of individual characteristics. One

of these individual characteristics is the quality of health care

and its availability, the second is the state of the

environmental situation in the city, which contributes to the

increase in life expectancy, or, on the contrary, affects it

negatively. The ecological condition of the city is determined

by the quality of the prevailing lethal diseases. Also, in the

event of a deep study of the issue, in the context of many

factors affecting the average life expectancy, this indicator

can be considered in detail, including a group of indicators on

the birth rate and infant mortality, mortality in general, and

diseases that more often lead to deaths within a certain

territory of the city into analysis. Combining all these

individual indicators will allow describing the social sphere

of the city in detail.

Environmental factors that correlate with social factors

include the biological, climatic and environmental features of

the territory, and also describe the presence of natural

resources, compliance with environmental standards in all

sectors of the city’s activities, which influence the purity of

the entire hydro, bio and atmosphere (8).

The above factors characterizing the general situation in

the city are of an exceptionally qualitative nature. The authors

of the urban municipality sustainable development

assessment method selected five indicators that influence

factors in order to assess this situation in the city. The

5

. Officially registered unemployed number per

thousand people. The indicator reflecting the state of the

economic sphere of the city and the current state of its

economy. It is the main indicator of the labor market. If the

unemployment rate is 7% or higher, this indicates a period of

economic recession and entry into a crisis, while if the

unemployment rate does not exceed 4%, it is considered low

and is within the natural rate of unemployment and indicates

a period of economic recovery.

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2019, Volume 7, Issue 4, Pages: 075-0ꢀ6

The degree of influence of all the above indicators on the

state of the city’s sustainable development factors is

described in Table 1 with a detailed gradation of each of the

indicators and their weight. With the help of such gradation,

it becomes possible to translate the qualitative factors of

sustainable development of the territory into quantitative

development of the city is appropriate since the proposed

criterion allows for

a

complete and comprehensive

assessment of the state of the city and correct formulation of

recommendations for the effective management of an urban

municipality. In order to track the impact of production

facilities on the city’s environment, to assess environmental

indicators of the city’s territory adequately and in detail, an

additional criterion should be introduced into the existing

method of assessing sustainable development, the one that

influences six major socio-economic factors. This factor is

called the impact of industrial facilities on the environment

(10).

Significant environmental aspects (11) of the activities of

enterprises are identified, realistic environmental policies are

developed, environmental goals and objectives are

determined, and necessary environmental protection

measures are planned and implemented when assessing the

environmental impact of the production facilities of the city.

The identification of environmental aspects includes an

assessment of the significance of the designated

environmental aspects for the enterprise, determination of the

individual sectors of the enterprise's environmental impact

(measurable) indicators. Each indicator has its own weight

and individual rating scale. Determining the value and

choosing the appropriate weight on the scale of assessment

are based on socio-economic and statistical research. This

feature makes the method of assessment cost-effective and

affordable, and the assessment of the state of factors of

sustainable development is objective and eliminates the

human factor. The gradation used for the assessment has clear

boundaries and is suitable for any city. On the basis of this

method for assessing the sustainable development of an urban

municipality, cities of any country may be compared with one

another, which makes this method of assessment universal.

The aggregate weight of indicators of sustainable

development factors should ideally be 1 (reference value),

which means the maximum compliance of values and the

sustainability of development of all factors (9) (Table 2). The

method of assessing sustainable development by Bogomolova

and Mashentsova covers the assessment of socio-economic

aspects of sustainable development mainly, indirectly

covering the environmental aspect through the influence of

the environment on the average life expectancy of the city’s

population. This method of assessing the actual

environmental aspect is insufficient and cannot disclose the

state of the environment, hydrosphere, biosphere or

atmosphere more comprehensively. Adding an additional

criterion to the main method of assessing the sustainable

degree. The identified environmental aspects show

a

significant environmental impact, which requires the

immediate adoption of appropriate measures in order to

reduce it or maintain it at an optimal level where the

reduction is not possible. The importance of environmental

aspects is determined by the following main factors: the

degree of environmental impact, the state of the environment

in the affected area, compliance with the requirements of

established standards and current legislation, and the

stakeholders’ priorities.

Table 1: Indicators characterizing the level of the city's independence and influencing the state of the sustainable development factors

Indicator Indicator weight

Monofunctional

No.

1

0.03

0.07

0.15

0.05

0.1

City functionality

Mesofunctional

Multifunctional

0.15

0.25

Wages = from 1 [SM] to 2.9 [SM]

Wages = from 3 [SM] to 4.9 [SM]

2

Ratio of wages to the subsistence minimum

Ratio of retail trade turnover to the subsistence minimum

Average life expectancy

Wages = 5 [SM] and more

0.25

Up to 100 [%]

From 101 [%] to 200 [%]

0.04

0.09

3

4

5

0.2

Over 201 [%]

0.2

Up to 60 [years]

From 61 to 70 [years]

0.05

0.12

0.2

Over 71 [years]

Up to 10 [thousand people]

From 10.1 to 70 [thousand people]

0.2

0.07

Number of officially registered unemployed in Russian cities (per thousand

people)

Over 71 [thousand people]

1

0.04

Total

Table 2: Interpretation of sustainable development factors

Value

Aggregate factor

weight

Presence of sustainable socio-economic and environmental development of the city. Characteristics of all five indicators

show favorable conditions for life in the city. The cumulative weight of all indicators corresponds to the maximum value.

The socio-economic and environmental development of the city is stable and uniform. The total weight of all indicators

corresponds to the average value.

A crisis of the socio-economic and environmental development of the city. All its main areas of life are in a critical condition

and require fundamental changes. The cumulative weight of all indicators corresponds to the minimum value.

>

0.9

.5-0.9

0.5

0

<

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An assessment method according to Markin et al. (10) is

used in order to assess the impact of industrial facilities on

the environment. The essence of this method is as follows:

characterizes the amount (volume) of the environmental

impact of harmful substances, S – features of the spread of

the impact of harmful substances in the environment, I – the

danger degree of the impact of harmful substances in the

environment.

Each impact factor is evaluated on a three-point scale,

depending on the value of the specified parameters. The final

score, which characterizes the rank of this impact factor, is

obtained by multiplying the scoring values by three

parameters. An increase in the result indicates an increase in

the degree of impact of this factor on the environment.

Scoring is dimensionless in its quality characteristics and

does not reflect the value of any physical quantities. It only

describes the scale of the problem being evaluated and the

degree of importance of its solution.

1

. In order to assess the impact of industrial facilities on

the environment, firstly, the impact index should be found,

that is, the assessment of the level of impact on the

environment in points (Eq.1):

II  ASI

,

(1)

where A is an evaluation summary in points in terms of

the amount of emissions of harmful substances into the

environment, S is an evaluation summary in points for the

spread of harmful substances in the environment, I is an

evaluation summary in points by influencing factors (impact)

of harmful substances on the environment.

2

. The third stage of the environmental impact

assessment of industrial facilities is the definition of scoring

criteria. Based on the Russian and European experience in the

field of environmental protection, criteria for determining

points from one to three were developed for each of the three

parameters of impact types. The development of the criteria is

based on:

The degree of environmental impact is

a major

importance factor of environmental aspects. Assessment of

the impact of the enterprise on the environmental situation of

the city includes determining the degree of impact,

identifying the main impact factors and their quantitative

characteristics. An enterprise may submit a consolidated list

of environmental factors by the type of its activity, without

any special research. In order to quantify the impact factors,

instrumental measurements of exposure parameters are made

-

the relation of the impact types to the established

regulations, standards and permits;

-

the impact spread nature: global, regional, local;

the impact hazard degree is determined by the hazard

(

concentrations of pollutants, emissions, wastewater, and

class of pollutants, reversibility or irreversibility of impact.

The convenience of an additional criterion is that the

environmental impact of industrial facilities can be assessed

using 12 indicators proposed by the authors. However, any

indicators can be chosen for the city under assessment,

depending on the uniqueness of the city and its features. The

scoring criteria for assessing the environmental impact of

production facilities on the environment are the following

consumed resources) or calculation methods are used based

on specific norms.

The second stage of the environmental impact assessment

of production facilities is the determination of the impact

degree. In other words, it is the ranking, which determines the

comparative "importance" of impact factors and priorities for

solving the identified problems. A special methodology has

been developed for the ranking of environmental aspects,

taking into account the specifics of the enterprise. The

methodology is based on the scoring method for assessment

and development by the Danish company COWI. This

method is simple and allows creating an acceptable general

description of the company's impact on the environment, and,

first of all, it is used to identify the priority areas of

environmental activities in the enterprise. The degree of

impact of each factor is determined by three parameters: A –

(Tables 3-6):

(

1) Air Emissions: This indicator is characterized by the

features of spread and the danger level of emitted pollutants,

the sum of annual emissions, which is formed during the

operation of individual technological facilities (compressor

and pumping stations, oil and gas pipelines, oil tank farms,

production sites).

Table 3: Scoring of pollutants emissions into the atmosphere by production facilities

Criteria

The amount of substances emitted exceeds 1,000 [tons per year]

Parameter

It is determined based on the volume of annual emissions and

Score

3

2

the nature of the pollution sources location. Due to the

different potential for pollution of surface air with the same

amount of emissions, different criteria are established for

functional areas that include point or distributed emission

sources

The amount of substances emitted is 100-1,000 [tons per year]

A

The amount of substances emitted is less than 100 [tons per year]

1

The amount of substances emitted exceeds 2,000 [tons per year]

The amount of substances emitted is 200-2,000 [tons per year]

The amount of substances emitted is less than 200 [tons per year]

Substances of hazard class 1 – extremely dangerous, highly toxic

Substances of hazard classes 2 and 3 – high and moderately

hazardous, methane

3

2

1

3

Spread of emissions in the atmosphere is always 3 points since

the air distribution is global

S

I

The impact is determined by the danger level of the emitted

substances

2

1

Substances of hazard class 4 – low hazard

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Table 4: Wastewater discharges scoring by production facilities

Criteria

Parameter

Score

The amount is determined depending on the volume of the The amount of substances discharged exceeds 10 [tons per year]

annual wastewater discharge generated during the operation of The amount of substances discharged is 1-10 [tons per year]

individual technological objects and the excess of this volume The amount of substances discharged is less than 1 [ton per

3

2

A

S

I

1

3

over the established standard

year]

Discharge of polluted wastewater into surface water bodies and

terrain without treatment

Discharge of polluted wastewater into underground horizons,

The spread depends on the degree of purification and the filtration fields, evaporation ponds, or into surface water bodies

2

1

nature of the wastewater receiver

after local treatment facilities in excess of established standards

Drainage of wastewater to wastewater treatment plants of third-

party organizations or discharge of treated wastewater into

surface water bodies and underground horizons

The impact is determined depending on the hazard class of the waste, same as for air emissions (see paragraph "1. Air emissions")

Table 5: Scoring of disposal of waste that pollutes the environment by production facilities

Parameter

Criteria

Score

The weight of waste exceeds 100 [tons per year]

The weight of waste is 10-100 [tons per year]

The weight of waste is less than 10 [tons per year]

Waste is stored at the enterprise for more than 3 years or is placed at

unauthorized dumps

Waste is disposed of at the plant or placed at licensed landfills

Waste is stored at the enterprise for less than 3 years in accordance with the

established requirements

3

2

1

The amount is determined based on the volume

A

S

I

(weight) of the annual waste production

3

2

1

The spread depends on proper waste

management

The impact is determined depending on the hazard class of the waste, same as for air emissions (see paragraph "Air emissions")

Table 6: Scoring of topsoil disturbance by production facilities

Parameter

Criteria

The area of disturbed land exceeds 1 [hectare]

The area of disturbed land ranges from 0.1 to 1 [ha]

The area of disturbed land is less than 0.1 [ha]

Removal of the whole soil profile

Score

3

The amount is determined depending on the area

of disturbed land

A

S

2

1

3

2

1

The spread depends on the impact depth.

Removal of only the upper humus soil horizon

Soil surface impact only

The impact will lead to complete soil degradation and removal from crop

The impact is determined by the possibility of rotation

3

I

restoration (remediation) of the soil profile and Remediation is obstructed or can be done with deviations from norms,

2

1

fertility

leading to a decrease in soil fertility

The impact is easily eliminated by remediation without reducing soil fertility

(

2) Wastewater Discharges: Wastewater is determined by

Mashentsova (5), this criterion, which influences the main

factors of sustainable development, will allow examining the

study object, adequately and effectively applying the program

of management of the territory’s sustainable development, as

well as provide with an opportunity to identify "weak" spots

and effectively eliminate them.

the nature of the output either to its own or to municipal

wastewater treatment plants, transfer to other organizations,

discharge to water bodies, ponds, evaporator plants or

filtration fields. Wastewater is characterized by the sum of

annual discharges, the content and the hazard class of

pollutants. (3) Waste: The indicator is characterized by the

assessment of waste types, the list of which is determined in

accordance with the current classification. (4) Topsoil

Disturbance. Assessment is carried out according to the

following criteria.

Using the above criteria, the environmental aspects of the

enterprise’s activity are assessed for each type of impact. A

general ranking list of the environmental aspects of an

enterprise is compiled based on the results of this assessment.

Thus, by supplementing the basic method for assessing

sustainable development according to Bogomolova and

3

Results and Discussion

The development of Tyumen is happening at a significant

pace, so it is extremely important to maintain a balance of all

the aspects of sustainable development of this municipality.

The choice of the city of Tyumen to assess sustainable

development is due to the growth of industrial enterprises and

their negative impact on the environment, as well as due to

the impact of economic and environmental changes on the

social sphere.

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In order to ensure the sustainable development of the

economic, industrial, cultural, recreational and, consequently,

ecological sphere of the city’s life, the following six main

socio-economic categories are distinguished:

that the city of Tyumen is actively developing its

functionality, as evidenced by the main areas of the city’s

activities. The greater the set of functions of a city, the higher

its level of development, the more competitive the city is,

both for the population and for the state as a whole. The

second factor of the sustainable development of the urban

municipality is the ratio of wages to the subsistence minimum

of the city of Tyumen. In the city of Tyumen, the size of the

subsistence minimum is established by a decree of the

Government of the Tyumen Region (Table 7). In order to

compare the subsistence minimum, five categories of

activities in state and municipal property organizations were

selected. The time interval considered was from the fourth

quarter of 2014 to 2017, as long as a series of absolute values

dynamics was taken for the ease of comparison (12).

Based on Table 7, it can be concluded that the subsistence

minimum of the presented categories of the population

annually increases at different rates. Nevertheless, the

increase in the subsistence minimum indicates inflation and

the gradual fall of the ruble, and every year the population

needs more and more money to ensure the normal

functioning of the body and to maintain its health. In order to

assess the quality of life of the population, its solvency and

the amount of free cash per capita, the average wage over the

2014-2017 period should be considered in absolute values

(Table 8).

-

territory management or administrative apparatus;

economic state of the territory;

state of the cultural sphere;

pace of economic development;

production sector;

state of the social sphere.

To ensure that these categories are not of a qualitative

nature and that they can be adequately assessed, one should

select five main measurable factors affecting those

categories:

-

city functionality;

ratio of wages to the subsistence minimum;

ratio of retail trade turnover to the subsistence

minimum;

-

average life expectancy;

officially registered unemployed number per thousand

people.

For a more complete assessment and tracking of the

sustainable development trend over time, a time series from

014 to 2017 was selected for all the factors of sustainable

2

development of the city of Tyumen. Thus, the first factor of

the sustainable development of the urban municipality is the

city functionality (Fig. 1). Based on Fig. 1, one can conclude

Table 7: The size of the subsistence minimum for the period from the 4th quarter of 2014 to 2018

Subsistence minimum, [rub.]

Population category

2

014

2015

2016

2017

Able-bodied population

Pensioners

8,942

6,814

8,559

10,203

7,777

9,912

10,378

7,933

10,031

10,744

8,193

10,390

Children

Per capita

8,470

9,692

9,855

10,197

Fig. 1: Analysis of the functionality of the city of Tyumen for 2014-2017 (compiled by the authors).

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According to Table 8, there is a tendency to an increase

in wages of all categories of workers, which is caused by the

increase in the subsistence minimum by the Government of

the Tyumen Region, as well as by a gradual increase in prices

for goods and services. Table 9 presents the ratio of the

average wage (Table 8) and the subsistence minimum (Table

ecological environment, a general conclusion about the

sustainable development of the city of Tyumen can be made

(Table 11).

Thus,

the

socio-economic

and

environmental

development of the city of Tyumen is stable and uniform.

However, for the sustainable development of the city, the

sum of all factors should be > 0.9. In the city of Tyumen, the

sum of all factors is 0.72. This indicator falls within the

boundaries of the total weight of factors from 0.5 to 0.9,

which means that there are unrecognized errors in the

development of the city. Perhaps there is a lack of resources

in the budget for the implementation of programs in the field

of the city’s sustainable development (16). In order for the

city to have resource reserves that will lead to its

development at the expense of its own potential and will

reduce the influence of external factors on its operation, it is

necessary to improve the indicators of sustainable

development so that the total weight of sustainable

development factors of Tyumen tends to 1.

In the first part of the adapted method for assessing

sustainable development, the city of Tyumen has already

been assessed previously (Table 11). For the assessment of

the second part of the method, namely, the assessment of the

impact of industrial facilities on the environment of the city

of Tyumen (Table 16), a time series from 2014 to 2016 was

chosen.

Thus, all the analyzed environmental aspects of Tyumen

tend to decrease over the period in question. When ranking

them by scoring each environmental factor based on the

assigned points, it can be said that the total waste of

enterprises, household garbage and harmful substances have

the lowest degree of environmental impact. The impact index

by 2016 was only 4 and 6 points, respectively. Greater impact

on the environment was provided by wastewater discharges

and soil cover changes due to urban planning; the impact

index is 8 and 12 points, respectively.

7

). Based on the Table 9 data, one can conclude that the

wages of workers in the selected categories are greater than

the subsistence minimum. The ratio of wages to the

subsistence minimum indicates the quality of life of workers

in different professions and specialties, their level of

solvency, as well as the consumption of high-priced goods

and services and luxury items. The third factor of the

sustainable development of the urban municipality is the ratio

of retail trade turnover to the subsistence minimum in the city

of Tyumen. For the evaluation of the city by this factor, the

period of the fourth quarter of 2014 to 2017 was taken in

absolute terms. In order to determine the retail trade turnover

relative to the subsistence minimum (Table 7), the

subsistence minimum of the able-bodied population was

taken on the basis of the availability of free money resources

for this category of the population with the maximum

replenishment of the consumer basket (13). The ratio of retail

trade turnover to the subsistence minimum is presented in

Table 10. The fourth factor of the sustainable development of

the urban municipality is the average life expectancy of the

population (14). For the analysis and assessment of this

factor, a time series of 2014-2017 was taken (Table 10). The

fifth factor of the sustainable development of the urban

municipality is the officially registered number of

unemployed per thousand people (Table 10). For the analysis

of this factor, a group of persons in the age category from 15

to 72 years was selected. For the analysis of this factor, the

period from the fourth quarter of 2014 to 2017 was chosen in

absolute terms (15).

Summarizing all the indicators of the factors of socio-

economic development of the city and the influence of

Table 8: Average wage in the context of the activities of workers for the period from the 4th quarter of 2014 to 2017

Average wage, [rub.]

Professional field

2

014

2015

2016

2017

Doctors and medical workers with higher education

Research scientists

Teachers of preschool educational institutions

General education institutions teachers

Teachers of HPE organizations

Social workers

51,509.7

47,964.2

40,077.0

45,399.0

48,383.8

22,336.0

51,876.7

46,721.9

39,348.1

46,773.6

49,129.9

21,716.3

52,629.0

52,482.9

39,382.7

48,170.2

55,098.8

22,863.4

57,308.0

56,803.5

40,215.6

50,271.2

66,761.0

31,262.7

Table 9: The ratio of the average wage in the context of the activities of workers and the subsistence minimum for the period of the 4th quarter of

014 to 2017

Ratio of wages to the subsistence minimum

2

Professional field

Factor weight

2

014

2015

5.08

4.58

3.86

4.58

4.82

2.13

2016

5.07

5.06

3.79

4.64

5.31

2.20

2017

5.33

5.29

3.74

4.68

6.21

2.91

Doctors and medical workers with higher education

Research staff

Teachers of preschool educational institutions

General education institutions teachers

Teachers of HPE organizations

Social workers

5.76

5.36

4.48

5.08

5.41

2.50

0.25

0.1

0.25

0.05

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Average weight factor

0.1

Table 10: Indicators of the city of Tyumen sustainable development factors

Retail turnover for the period from the 4th quarter of 2014 to 2017

Years

Indicator

2

014

2015

2016

2017

Retail trade turnover, thousand rubles

474,951,416

328,250,121

360,200,778

362,339,617

Ratio of retail trade turnover to the subsistence minimum, [thousand rubles], for the period from the 4th quarter of 2014 to 2017

Ratio of retail trade turnover to the subsistence minimum

Factor weight

Indicator average weight

53,114.7

0.2

32,171.9

34,708.1

33,724.8

0.2

Indicator optimal weight

Unemployment rate of the city of Tyumen for the period from the 4th quarter of 2014 to 2017

Unemployed

38.3

5.5

43.2

6.2

40.2

36.2

4.8

Unemployment rate

Factor weight

5.6

0.07

0.2

Indicator average weight

Indicator optimal weight

Average life expectancy of the population of Tyumen for 2014-2017

Average life expectancy

70.3

0.12

71.4

0.2

72.1

0.2

72,7

0,2

Factor weight

Indicator average weight

0.2

Indicator optimal weight

0.2

Table 11: Indicators of factors of socio-economic development that affect the level of independence of the city

Factor

weight

0.15

0.1

0.2

No.

Factor

Factor characteristic

1

2

3

4

5

City functionality

Ratio of wages to the subsistence minimum

Ratio of retail trade turnover to the subsistence minimum

Average life expectancy

Multifunctional

Wages = from 3 [SM] to 4.9 [SM]

Over 201[%]

Over 71 [years]

From 10.1 to 70 [thousand people]

Officially registered number of unemployed in Russian cities (per thousand people)

Total

0.07

0.72

Thus, based on the data on industrial environmental

impact factors, one can conclude that annually, starting in

014, the level of air pollution in the Tyumen city by the

indicators of its sustainable development factors (20). As a

result, the city will receive even more autonomy in its

development and become less susceptible to both internal and

external destabilizing factors, which means the increase in its

stability.

2

industrial complex and the transport component of the city

has been decreasing. The trend to reduce the impact of urban

planning on topsoil and also to reduce discharges of

wastewater polluting the water bodies of the city is observed.

These improvements in the ecological sphere of the city

along with stable socio-economic development are due to

innovative activities in the field of environmental

management, investments in funds aimed at protecting the

environment and the rational use of natural resources (17,

In order to manage the sustainable development of the

city of Tyumen, a scenario approach was chosen, where

recommendations for managing the sustainable development

of the city, as well as the program for managing sustainable

development, are presented for all three aspects at once (21).

Modification of one aspect entails modification of the

remaining aspects, and, as a result, a change in the system as

a whole. Based on this causal relationship, it can be argued

that the modification of all three aspects of sustainable

development may entail a threefold modification of the

system of sustainable city development, according to the

synergy principle. In order to achieve sustainable

development of the city of Tyumen and effective

management of all three aspects, as well as to provide

favorable conditions for life in the territory (22, 23), one

should adhere to the program of measures to ensure

sustainable development, which includes all management

functions, namely planning, organization, motivation and

control (Fig. 2). Planning, as a function of the city’s

1

8). So, the study of environmental impact factors shows how

important are the caring attitude to the ecology of the territory

and smart nature management in the context of economic and

social development (19). Impact factors clearly represent the

very effect of the economic aspect on the environmental one,

in particular, the impact of any production facility on the

environment. This method of assessing the impact of

industrial facilities on the environment is very important,

since any new project of the city, or a new organization

established by entrepreneurs, directly or indirectly concerns

the ecology of the territory, and ecology, in turn, is an

important factor in the social aspect of sustainable

development. Based on the improved method of assessing the

sustainable development of the city of Tyumen, it can be

concluded that the social, economic and environmental

aspects of the city’s sustainable development require

effective modern management to achieve the highest

sustainable

development

management,

includes

recommendations for improving the sustainable development

of the city through the management of three aspects of

sustainable development (Table 17). The recommendations

are of a medium-term nature; therefore, the deadlines for their

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implementation are 3-5 years. Funds for the implementation

of these recommendations for sustainable development can

be allocated from the city budget, as well as through federal

subsidies and by attracting foreign investment (24).

By adhering to the program for sustainable development

management, the city of Tyumen will be able to achieve high

results in the field of such development: the successful

application of the sustainable development concept within the

city. The concept uses new energy sources, renewable

resources, resource-saving technologies, cleaner production,

ecological housing construction, organic farming, promotion

of environmentally friendly products and goods, active use of

"smart consumption" of resources, formation of the "green

economy" structure of production and consumption (25, 26).

Table 16: Assessment of the environmental impact of industrial facilities, 2014-2016

Values

2015

Score*

2015

Parameters

2

014

2016

2014

2016

Environmental impact parameters of harmful substances

Impact amount

Impact spread

Impact (hazard class)

Impact index

3,000 [tons/year]

1,500 [tons/year]

3-4 class

780 [tons/year]

3

2

3

2

18

6

Environmental impact parameters of wastewater discharges

16.5 [tons/year] 13 [tons/year] 10 [tons/year]

Impact amount

Impact spread

3

2

3

2

Discharge of polluted wastewater in excess of established

standards

2-3 class

Impact (hazard class)

Impact index

12

Environmental impact parameters of total enterprise and household waste

115 [tons/year] 95 [tons/year] 80 [tons/year]

12

8

Impact amount

Impact spread

3

1

2

1

2

1

2

Waste is stored at the enterprise for less than 3 years in

accordance with the established requirements, is used at the

enterprise or is transferred to other enterprises

2-3-4 class

Impact (hazard class)

Impact index

6

4

Parameters of the topsoil impact of town planning work and other activities

Disturbed land area exceeds 1 hectare

Impact amount

Impact spread

3

2

Removal of only

Removal of the whole soil profile

the upper humus

soil horizon

Remediation is

obstructed or can

be done with

deviations from

norms

Impact (hazard class)

Impact index

The impact will lead to soil degradation

3

2

18

12

*

Evaluation is made on a three-point scale, where 1 is a low threat, 3 is a high threat.

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Fig. 2: Proposed measures to ensure the sustainable development of the city of Tyumen (compiled by the authors).

Table 17: Recommendations for managing the sustainable development of the city of Tyumen

Sustainable development

Recommendations

aspect

-

withdrawing non-environmentally friendly products, technologies, and equipment from the

competitive environment, investing in sectors of the economy involved in recycling, manufacturing

products and providing services related to improving the environmental situation of the city, renewable

resources, cleaner production, resource-saving technologies;

-

development of environmental insurance and quotas trading in various areas of environmental

management, licensing activities that affect the ecology of the territory. The introduction of fines and

monetary compensation in favor of the administrative apparatus of the city for discharging harmful

substances into the environment, for deforestation, the establishment of high barriers to opening and

operation of enterprises that cause great harm to the environment;

Economic

-

effective control of the Tyumen region state program "Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex"

for 2013-2020 by compulsory reporting on each of the activities, as well as the unification of

documents for monitoring the status of activities. The priority is the active attraction of investments in

Tyumen for the effectiveness of this program. It provides for the effective control of the following

subprograms: development of agro-industrial production of the Tyumen Region in 2013-2020;

development of agricultural land reclamation in the Tyumen Region for 2016-2020; sustainable rural

development until 2020.

-

ensuring the safety of the environmental component of the city and the environmental protection,

subsidizing projects that involve recycling and production of recycled goods for subsequent use of such

goods in everyday life or in the future production. The city authorities support the reconstruction of

production facilities during the transition to low-waste and resource-saving technologies, the

improvement of engineering, transport infrastructure, and the energy complex of the city using

innovative solutions;

Ecologic

-

preservation of landscape and biological originality, increasing the stability of ecosystems,

maintaining the purity of rivers, urban gardening and preserving the historical and cultural urban

planning heritage;

-

development of draft laws in the field of improving the state of the city’s ecology, introducing

relevant regulatory indicators of the maximal permissive concentration of harmful substances taking the

state of the city’s territory into account.

-

development of legislative mechanisms to ensure that financial resources are consistent with the

scope and terms of compulsory medical services for the population, ensuring public participation in

health issues;

Social

-

improvement of the system of public territories, centers, and social infrastructure facilities,

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improvement of the spatial structure of the city territory, ecological housing construction,

reconstruction and improvement of residential and industrial areas, implementation of tax and

subsidized support for cooperative housing development;

-

supporting global social projects within the city of Tyumen, increasing the level of social literacy in

all aspects of sustainable development, the actual organization of educational process in educational

institutions, in line with the latest achievements in culture, science, technology, and engineering, "smart

consumption" of resources.

Governance and Innovative Development of the Economy of the

North: Science Journal of the Research Center of Corporate Law.

Management and Venture Investment of Syktyvkar State

University. 2014;3: 11-19.

4

Conclusion

Based on the improved method of assessing the

sustainable development of the city of Tyumen, it can be

concluded that the social, economic and environmental

aspects of the sustainable development of the city require

effective management to achieve the highest indicators of

sustainable development factors. As a result, the city will

become autonomous, less prone to both internal and external

destabilizing factors. Recommendations on the city’s

sustainable development management, as well as the

sustainable development management program, should be

made for all three aspects at once, because modification of all

three aspects of sustainable development may entail a three-

fold modification of the city’s sustainable development

system. In order to apply the recommendations in the field of

sustainable development of the city of Tyumen and achieve

sustainable socio-economic and environmental development,

the city’s administrative apparatus will need to set target

implementation dates of 3-5 years and financial means to be

received from the city budget, as well as from federal

subsidies and attraction of foreign investments. In case of the

optimal synthesis of these recommendations for the

management of sustainable development of the city of

Tyumen, it is possible to achieve high results in the

management of all aspects of sustainable development and

compete with cities of regional and federal importance in the

considered indicators.

1

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eskih_aspektov

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