XXI Century Alternative Population Policies: Context of Modern Civilization Humanitarian Values And Malthusian Ideas of Growth Limits Concept

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2019, Volume 7, Issue 4, Pages: 853-857

J. Environ. Treat. Tech.

ISSN: 2309-1185

Journal weblink: http://www.jett.dormaj.com

XXI Century Alternative Population Policies:

Context of Modern Civilization Humanitarian

Values And Malthusian Ideas of Growth Limits

Concept

Bika B. Dzhamalova *, Irina V. Leusenko , Rashad A. Kurbanov , Asiya M. Belyalova ,

Ramin A. Gurbanov , Maxim N. Kazakov , Olga V. Popova , Galina V. Sorokovykh

North-Caucasian Institute (Branch), All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA of the Ministry of Justice or Russia), Makhachkala, Russia

Rostov Institute (Branch), All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA of the Ministry of Justice or Russia), Rostov on Don, Russia

Department of Legal Basis of the Economic Activity, Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian

Federation, Moscow, Russia

International Cooperation Department, Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow,

Russia

Department of Civil Legal Disciplines, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia

Department of Constitutional and Administrative Law, Novosibirsk Military Institute named after Army General I.K. Yakovlev Troops of the

National Guard of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia

Department of Legal Regulation of Economic Activity, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

Department of French Language and Linguodidactics, Moscow City University (MGPU), Moscow, Russia

Received: 02/08/2019

Accepted: 01/10/2019

Published: 30/02/2020

Abstract

The relevance of the study is determined by the search for approaches to solving the demographic problem, as the grounds for the

development of society, focused on the preservation of the biosphere and man. For the first time, based on the materials of this study,

the substantiation of population policies' humanitarian priorities in the structure of ecological values of modern civilization is made

as an independent scientific area. In the process of implementing the leading research method – monitoring the priorities of

demographic strategies in the structure of environmental values, the advantages of the humanitarian nature of these processes are

established and the scientific and practical inconsistency of growth limits concept in relation to the population of developing

countries is proved. Based on the results of the study, for the first time an attempt was made to theoretically substantiate the

humanitarian priorities of population policies aimed at overcoming the trends of growth limits concept. In this regard, the study

established and disclosed the evolutionary nature of population policies in the modern world; geopolitical trends of the concept of

growth limits are defined. Based on the results of the study, the model of humanitarian priorities of population policies is

substantiated and their effectiveness in the development of environmental values’ structure is proved. The materials of the article are

of theoretical and practical importance for the design of innovative approaches to improving the quality of demography.

Keywords: alternative approaches, humanitarian priorities, population policies, geopolitical trends, the quality of the population life,

the concept of limits to growth, Malthusian utopia, monitoring, ecological system

Corresponding author: Bika B. Dzhamalova, North-Caucasian Institute (Branch), All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA of

the Ministry of Justice or Russia), Makhachkala, Russia. E-mail: bika.dzhamalova.85@mail.ru.

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Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2019, Volume 7, Issue 4, Pages: 853-857

world; geopolitical trends of the concept of growth limits are

determined. Based on the results of the study, the

humanitarian priorities of population policies are justified and

their effectiveness in the development of the structure of

environmental values is proved. The materials of the article

are of theoretical and practical importance for the design of

innovative models to improve the quality of demography.

Introduction

.1 Relevance of the Research Problem

The study found that the increase in the environmental

crisis in the middle of the twentieth century marked the

beginning of the demographic transformation, manifested in

the suspension of population growth, reducing the

development of industry and consumption of developing

countries. In 1974, as part of the activities of the Rome club

based on the development of M. Mesarovic and E. Pestel

2 Literature Review

(

1974) survival strategies of these countries are approved,

The study of basic scientific concepts and approaches to

the formation of modern concepts and models of population

policies of the XX1 century, which influenced the emergence

of a number of works on this phenomenon, allows us to

define it as a basic methodological principle of ecology (4, 6,

7, 8, 10, 18). At the beginning of the 21st century, the

development of population policies acquires a tendentious

and politicized expression aimed at solving crisis problems

caused by real situations and transformations of regional

environmental processes (7, 18). It is established that the

results of solving the crisis environmental problems on a

global scale are different inequality, determined by the

influence of developed countries on developing countries (1,

4, 10). Under the guise of Malthusian values of the concept of

growth limits, the ruling elites of developed countries

consolidate the system of unfair distribution of the planet's

resources to maintain a high level of their own consumption

(2, 7, 9, 14). In today's conditions, independent communities

of scientists and specialists defend the humanitarian priorities

of population policies in the structure of environmental

values, based on equality and equivalence of all life, as well

as on the limitation of human rights and needs in the social

and natural environment (18, 15, 8, 6). The results of these

activities effectively counter geopolitical trends of the

concept of growth limits as the theory of superiority of

developed countries’ population over the peoples of

developing countries. Criteria of effectiveness of population

policies’ humanitarian priorities are not only the contingency

of demographic processes in the environment, but also the

orientation of the humanitarian priorities for the autonomy of

interacting components, their cooperativity and polyphony

(17). The studies of a group of scientists devoted to non-

trivial approaches to solving topical demographic problems

are of particular interest: adaptive mechanisms of eugenics in

solving modern problems of demography, transhumanism as

a prognostic function of demography (4, 6, 8). In the course

of the study, despite the significant bibliography and the

active interest of modern specialists in the problem of

demography, many topical issues that require correct,

scientifically based solutions remain open in its study.

Among the unsolved problems as an independent scientific

direction focused on overcoming Malthusian misconceptions

of the concept of growth limits, a special position is taken by

the theoretical substantiation of humanitarian priorities of

population policies in the structure of ecological values of

modern civilization (13). The study of these aspects is the

purpose of this study.

presented in the concept of limits of growth. The results of

the development of the UN study group on the protection of

the human environment continued the activities of the Rome

club and served as the basis for the development adopted in

Rio de Janeiro in 1992 Agenda 21 (11, 12). The document

contains more than 2500 recommendations and annexes on

the content of methods to overcome inefficient consumption

patterns; to combat poverty caused by high fertility in

developing countries; to protect the atmosphere, oceans,

biodiversity; and to develop efficient agriculture. It is no

coincidence that the agenda for the 21st century does not

contain guidelines for the inalienable sovereignty of peoples

over their natural and nature resources, which were the basic

values of the UN in the 60s and 70s. On the agenda of the

XX1 century - artificial population reduction in Asia, Africa,

the USSR, and in the future - the transfer of territories and

resources in these countries under the control of transnational

corporations (1, 3). In the UN documents (committees on

population and raw materials), the entire population of the

Earth is divided into the main (provided by raw materials, 1

billion.), semi-basic (about 1 billion.) and the auxiliary

population, which is considered unprofitable in the conditions

of industrialization, because it does not pay back the funds

invested in it for production and for life, is the main reason

for the contamination of the environment with waste and the

expansion of the global environmental crisis (7). These

documents implicitly emphasize that demography and the

inexorable logic of its development will place a heavy burden

on the present and future of the planet. It is projected that by

2050, the Earth will have 8 billion people, more than two

thirds of the world's population born today will grow in the

twenty poorest countries, and the poor will disrupt the happy

life of the metropolis population (1, 3). It is proved by studies

of independent and authoritative experts: the billion that

inhabits the first world consumes 75% of resources and emits

75% of waste into the environment. The remaining 4 billion

consume and emit three times less, that is, one poor person

produces a load on the Earth on average 10 times less than a

Westerner. With regard to the greenhouse effect, the

contribution of one resident of the United States is equal to

the contribution of the 1450 residents of India. That is, India

with its 600 million inhabitants is like 2% of the United

States (7, 14). The established methodological violations and

inaccuracies determine the need for theoretical substantiation

of humanitarian priorities of population policies aimed at

overcoming the geopolitical trends of the concept of growth

limits. In this regard, the study establishes and reveals the

evolutionary nature of population policies in the modern

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2020, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages: 153-157

purpose of which is to protect their own economic interests.

In this respect, the modern doctrine of globalization is no

different from the classical concept of colonialism;

Results and Discussion

.1 The Evolutionary Nature of Population Policies in the

Modern World

It is established that the French scientist A. Guillard



Model of polarization of economic entities. The

formation of the world market, the global economy in their

modern form created a situation in which the levers of the

world economy, primarily financial and scientific and

technological, are concentrated in the hands of the most

developed countries, led by the United States, while the

industries that provide production with the least added value,

environmentally harmful and resource-intensive, is in the

zone of developing countries. With such a division of labor,

developing countries are doomed to lag forever;

introduced the term demography in 1855. According to its

definition, demography explores the patterns of development

of the structure, location and dynamics of the population,

develops a theory, policy, forecast of its number. In addition,

demography studies fertility, marriage, divorce, mortality,

educational level, social class structure, racial, linguistic,

national composition of the population, its migration,

urbanization (5). This definition, which has become a classic,

retains its importance to date. Little has changed in the

structure of demographic factors, except for modern

resources that fill the factors with new semantic content.

Even the direction of modern theories of European schools

retains its original meaning: the recognition of the

determinism of all processes of population development by

biological or geographical factors. It is proved that the

greatest commitment in the middle of the X1X, and in the

early XX1 centuries in most studies is Malthusianism,

according to which all the disasters of the people are

explained by its unbridled reproduction, and not by the action

of geopolitical factors. The study found that the growing

danger of the global environmental crisis in the middle of the

twentieth century served as the basis for the revitalization of

the management of demographic processes in developing

countries. The priority values of these ambiguous processes

are the struggle of developed countries for the territories and

resources of developing countries under the guise of

assistance to eliminate excessive pollution or fight poverty



Geopolitical model. It means a new world order

in which strong countries with long democratic traditions

consider it possible to lead weak States in democratic matters.

At this stage, the myth of the world government is popular,

which, according to its apologists, is able to take control and

solve all the global problems of our time. Therefore, if

national sovereignty and borders act as an obstacle to the

financial and economic expansion of developed economies,

the world government has the right to act as an instrument

that politically completes the actual economic domination of

developed countries (1, 4, 7, 14, 15).

3.2 Geopolitical Trends of the Concept of Growth Limits

It is established that modeling of transition of developed

countries from strategies of unlimited progress to strategies of

limits of growth for the first time begins in laboratories of

Massachusetts Institute of technology. In 1970, the club of

Rome commissioned a team of scientists from the Institute to

conduct a two-year study on the causes and long-term effects

of population growth, industrial capital, food production,

resource consumption and environmental pollution (7). In

1972, as the results of this study they published the book

Limits of growth (11). The authority of the Institute and the

club of Rome, a powerful advertising campaign made the

book a sensation. Director of Rome club A. Peccei in the

Preface to the book notes the main advantage of the study:

(

1). Applicable models of developed countries’ effects to

developing countries with the aim of expanding the external

territories are established to the present:



Messianic model is a mythical simulacrum of

veiled higher powers’ activities aimed at the implementation

of the alleged welfare;



The model of implementation of national

superiority idea, clearly represented by ethnic and religious

wars against extra people who legally own their own state

territories and natural resources;

"the Definition of growth trends in the conditions of the

ultimate in its scale of the planet. The next generations of

humanity will reach the limits of demographic and

environmental expansion, which will lead the system as a

whole to an uncontrolled crisis and collapse. The challenge is

to identify the disastrous consequences of existing trends and

to stimulate policy changes that would help to avoid them. It

is necessary to take measures to ensure the rationalization of

the entire production system and the re-dislocation of

industry within the planet" (1). It is proved that despite the

Rome club’s tendentious, politicized evaluation of the study

results of D.H. Meadows, D.L. Meadows, and J. Randers



Globalization-based

model.

Among

the

significant essential features of globalization are: the

increasing of countries and peoples interdependence in all

spheres of the world market of Finance, goods and services,

or the world economy; the establishment of a global

information space that ensures the implementation of any

activities in real time (16). Modern business goes beyond the

national state through the creation of transnational

corporations that negate the political opportunities of

individual States on the world stage. There is a formation of

theoretical approaches that justify the fundamental inability

of non-Western societies to exist in the mainstream of world

development, which inevitably leads to their chronic

backwardness and dropping out of the world economy;

(

1994) and his staff, the importance of this work lies

primarily in determining the patterns of development of

population policies. For the first time simulations on the

computer was carried out that showed, in the absence of socio

–

political changes in the world and keeping it in the techno –



Model of integration of ideas of geopolitics and

economic trends of rapid natural resource depletion would

cause in the next century (around 2030) the industry and

agriculture growth’s slowdown, which would result in a sharp

drop in population, which would entail a demographic

geo-Economics. It manifests itself in the economic

dominance of highly developed countries over

underdeveloped ones. Developing economies are perceived

by the leading countries as an object of possible impact, the

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2020, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages: 153-157

disaster. Assuming that advances in science and technology

will provide unlimited resources (as the second scenario of

the model’s analysis anticipated); the disaster comes from

excessive pollution. Assuming that the society will be able to

solve the problem of nature protection (the third scenario of

the model), population growth and production output will

continue until the reserves of arable land are exhausted, and

then, as in all previous scenarios, there is a collapse. Disaster

is inevitable in all scenarios, because dangerous trends grow

exponentially imperceptibly, constantly, inevitably. The

experimenters came to reasonable conclusions and

formulated cardinal recommendations to overcome the threat

of environmental disaster: the stability of the planet's

population with constant investment in production. This state

of global equilibrium will not mean stagnation, because

human activities that do not require a large expenditure of

irreplaceable resources will not lead to environmental

degradation (science, art, education, sports), can progress

indefinitely. However, the government of developed

countries will not be able to adhere such recommendations

because of the established stereotypes of rampant growth of

material production and consumption. So far, we can assume

the limits of growth in certain directions, but not in absolute

limits. The challenge is to anticipate the dangers of growth in

any direction and to choose ways for development flexible

reorientation to achieve the goals as fully as possible. It is

proved that the established trends have not received proper

distribution among the influential entities of developed

countries. Moreover, the identified trends were transformed

in such a way that the switchman of all crisis processes was

the population of developing countries, "randomly

multiplying, unable to dispose of territories, resources, in

need of external management due to their own

underdevelopment" (14). The very concept of limits of

growth after tendentious and politicized transformations,

committed by the Rome club, in the scientific community has

not received a decent recognition, although the rational core

of population policies’ development based on environmental

values, proven by D. Meadows group with the help of

computer modeling, is of interest and awaits its researchers.



Regulation of demography quality;

Monitoring of the achievements in the

development of the population.

2. Strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of

natural resources for human development:



Environmental protection;

Air protection;

Fight against deforestation;

Conservation of biological diversity;

Control of pollution in the environment and the

use of biotechnology;



control of radioactive waste;

Control over the reduction of resource

consumption.

3. Strategies to strengthen the role of major population

groups in solving everyday problems, including the role of

women, children and youth, farmers, businesses,

municipalities, workers in various fields and communities:



Economic growth and equity — an integrated

approach to stimulate long-term economic growth;

Social development — meeting people's needs in



the workplace, food, education, energy, health care, water

and sanitation;



Preservation of cultural and social diversity and

respect for human rights;



Ensuring that all members of society are able to

participate in decisions that affect their future.

4. Strategies of fruitful development of science, advanced

technologies, education, international organizations, financial

mechanisms.

The efficiency of this structure’s use in the

implementation in individual countries and regions as a

model of environmental management, protection of

ecosystems and the environment, poverty alleviation and the

implementation of the functions of controlled crisis is

proved.

4 Conclusion

The results of the study confirm the theoretical and

practical significance of comparative characteristics’ study of

population policies’ humanitarian priorities in the structure of

ecological values of modern civilization and Malthusian ideas

of the concept of growth’s limits. The continuous monitoring

of the subjects of the research process established the

advantages of population policies’ humanitarian priorities and

proved the inconsistency of geopolitical trends of the concept

of growth’s limits (75% of respondents by the aggregate

responses are convinced of the need to use the humanitarian

priorities of population policies in the structure of

environmental values of modern civilization; about 60% of

respondents by the aggregate responses deny Malthusianism

as inhuman, untenable, harmful).; 59% of respondents deny

the concept of limits of growth, identifying it with

Malthusianism as an aggressive ideology of the apologists of

the Golden billion). For the first time, based on the results of

the study the theoretical substantiation of population policies’

humanitarian priorities is made in the structure of ecological

values of modern civilization as an independent scientific

direction, focused on overcoming the geopolitical ideas of the

3.3 The Effectiveness of Humanitarian Priorities of

Population Policies in the Structure of Environmental

Values

The study found that at the beginning of the 21st century

in developing countries, in contrast to the countries of the

Golden billion with the help of modern forms of interaction

of the Shanghai cooperation organization’s world

community,

a stable structure of population policies’

humanitarian priorities is formed, aimed at strengthening

national sovereignty, progressive development of economies

and production, to protect the population from the

manifestations of genocide and terror. This innovative

structure covers all the fundamental areas of life activity of

the population in developing countries and represents:

1. Social and economic strategies:



Overcoming poverty;

Improving consumption structure;

The health improvement of the population;

Birth control;

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages: 153-157

concept of growth’s limits. In this regard, the study

established and disclosed the evolutionary nature of

demographic strategies in the modern world; geopolitical

trends of the concept of growth’s limits are defined. Based on

the results of the study, the structure of population policies’

humanitarian priorities is justified and their effectiveness in

the development of environmental values is proved. The

study does not exhaust all aspects of the problem. The

primary task of further research is to substantiate the

theoretical and methodical approach to the design and

implementation of innovative models to improve the quality

of demography in a multipolar geopolitical space.

18. Vishnevsky AG. Demographic modernization of Russia 1900 –

000. Moscow: New publishing house. 2006.

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