Developing Multigenerator Plants for Separating Rabbit Wool from Conies

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2019, Special Issue on Environment, Management and Economy, Pages: 882-889

J. Environ. Treat. Tech.

ISSN: 2309-1185

Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com

Developing Multigenerator Plants for Separating

Rabbit Wool from Conies

Evgeny An. Shamin , Maryana V. Belova , Olga V. Mihailova , Galina Novikova , Alexei N.

Korobkov , Peter Vl. Zaytsev , Tatiana V. Sharonova

¹Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor, Director of the Institute for Alimentary Design and Technologies of the Nizhny Novgorod State

Engineering and Economic University, ul. Oktyabrskaya 22a, Knyaginino, Nizhny Novgorod oblast’, 606340 Russia

Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor at the Department of Automation and Connectivity of the Nizhny Novgorod State Engineering and

Economic University, ul. Oktyabrskaya 22a, Knyaginino, Nizhny Novgorod oblast’, 606340 Russia

Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor at the Department of Information and Communication Technologies and Communication Systems of the

Nizhny Novgorod State Engineering and Economic University, ul. Oktyabrskaya 22a, Knyaginino, Nizhny Novgorod oblast’, 606340 Russia

Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor, Senior Research Officer at the Nizhny Novgorod State Engineering and Economic University, ul.

Oktyabrskaya 22a, Knyaginino, Nizhny Novgorod oblast’, 606340 Russia

Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Automation and Connectivity of the Nizhny Novgorod State

Engineering and Economic University, ul. Oktyabrskaya 22a, Knyaginino, Nizhny Novgorod oblast’, 606340 Russia

Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Full Professor, Professor at the Department of Mechanization, Connectivity, and Automation of the Chuvash State

Agricultural Academy, ul. K. Marxa 29, Cheboksary, 428000 Russia

Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Mechanization, Connectivity, and Automation of the Chuvash State

Agricultural Academy, ul. K. Marxa 29, Cheboksary, 428000 Russia

Received: 05/08/2019

Accepted: 20/11/2019

Published: 20/12/2019

Abstract

According to statistics, the amount of rabbit wool produced in Russia, China, and France is 21, 180, and 2.5 tons, respectively.

The development of rabbit raising in several Russian regions offers large prospects to farming enterprises. However, high-quality

treatment of conies on farming enterprises is impossible; this is why, conies are subject to disposal. Consequently, the study’s

relevance is conditioned by disposed cony amounts. The scientific problem is to reduce operating costs of separating rabbit wool

from conies and collect the raw material while preserving its quality in the farming enterprise environment. The priority microwave

technology of separating rabbit wool from conies is distinguished by analyzing the results of tests conducted by many authors for

implementing electrophysical methods of treating multicomponent raw materials, animal skins included. The goal of this work is to

separate decontaminated rabbit wool from conies by developing the microwave technology and multigenerator radiation-tight plants

with low-capacity air-cooled magnetrons for continuous operation. This article is intended to discover efficient design configurations

of resonator chambers ensuring the fulfillment of most of the criteria of designing ultrahigh frequency (UHF) plants. The efficient

design of the plant processing chamber was chosen by analyzing the parameters of the electrodynamic system with different

unconventional resonators. The four UHF plants described herein have unconventional resonators ensuring the continuous collection

of wool from conies, with electromagnetic safety ensured without below cutoff waveguides. The length and diameter calculation

procedure for using waveguides is presented. The first and the second UHF plants with prismatic resonators do not ensure multiple

exposure but maintain impermeability to radiation. The third plant with a prolate spheroid and a disk conveyor ensures a duty ratio

below 0.5, which excludes cony shrinking; however, additional units are needed to maintain electromagnetic safety. The fourth plant

with a biconical resonator allows meeting all the basic criteria of UHF plant design.

Keywords: Electromagnetic field, Resonator, Bicone, Spheroid, Electrophysical factors

Corresponding author: Evgeny An. Shamin, Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor, Director of the Institute for Alimentary Design and

Technologies of the Nizhny Novgorod State Engineering and Economic University, ul. Oktyabrskaya 22a, Knyaginino, Nizhny Novgorod oblast’,

06340 Russia, E-mail: ipt-filial@yandex.ru.

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2019, Special Issue on Environment, Management and Economy, Pages: 882-889

Introduction

3 Results and Discussion

The flowchart of basic UHF plants (1, 13, 17) includes

the following components:

According to the target program “Development and

Scaleup of Rabbit Raising Production in Russia in 2014-20”,

it is necessary to increase the rabbit meat output and stock to

1) Power supply source for converting mains voltage to high

voltage necessary to run a magnetron (HV rectifier or

stepup transformer with a voltage adjuster and filament

supply);

2) UHF generator for converting main frequency power to

UHF power;

3) Resonator chamber;

4) Resonator chamber’s electrodynamic system ensuring a

preset distribution of UHF energy in the chamber space;

5) Auxiliary parts for evenly heating up raw materials;

6) Devices for preventing UHF energy leaks from the plant to

the surrounding environment;

50,000 tons per year and 750,000 heads, respectively. In the

farming enterprise environment HQ cony treatment is

impossible; therefore, selling conies is unprofitable. The

rabbit raising production at farming enterprises can be made

more profitable not only by improving productivity and

reducing fodder costs but also by selling rabbit wool

collected from conies. Not only does using hair coat reduce

the prime cost of meat but it also provides additional sources

of raw materials for felt industry. This is why, it is a relevant

task to develop engineering tools and technologies using

ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic field (UHFEMF) energy

to separate rabbit wool from conies at reduced operating

costs.

The scientific problem is to reduce operating costs of

separating rabbit wool from conies and collect the material

while preserving its quality in the farming enterprise

environment.

The goal of this work is to separate decontaminated

rabbit wool from conies by developing the microwave

technology and multigenerator radiation-tight plants for

continuous operation at low operating costs.

7) Remote control.

We are upgrading the resonator chamber with an UHF

input device and a raw materials conveyor for continuous

operation and with electromagnetic safety ensured by means

of several low-power air-cooled magnetrons. In particular,

plants with unconventional resonators for separating rabbit

wool from conies have been designed and described.

The analysis of available methods of skin unwooling by

means of different chemical preparations allows making the

following inferences (6, 7):

The means of practical significance are:

-double treatment using salts, alkali, and sulfides destroys

the hair bulbs, and the hairs are released and removed within

five to seven hours;

-if to soak conies for five to seven days in lime cream

with sodium hydroxide, soda, sodium sulfide, unwooling

takes place and the hair structure changes, which makes the

raw material low-value;

-UHF plant developed, made, and tested in factory

conditions and equipped with a prolate spheroidal resonator;

the plant is designed to ensure electromagnetic safety during

continuous selective heating of conies with the flesh side

impregnated with predough to weaken the hair coat

holdability in the skin;

discovered efficient modes of using the UHFEMF to

-if to apply in sequence alkali sulfide and lime solutions

(pH > 7), the hair holdability in the dermis weakens within

five to six hours but the hairs remain strong;

treat the raw materials impregnated with special predough.

conies limed with lime and sodium bisulfite are

unwooled within four to six hours;

conies treated using a homogenized fermented mix of

Materials and Methods

The study materials were the experience accumulated by

the school of science from (2-4, 14). The efficient design for

the process chamber of the UHF plant was selected by

analyzing the parameters of the electrodynamic system with a

cylindrical, coaxial, toroidal, ellipsoidal, biconical,

spheroidal, and asteroid resonator. The predough weight was

calculated, taking into account the average weight of one

cony equal to 400-450 g. The consumption of each

component was calculated given that the share of consumed

mustard and rye flour was 27 % of the cony weight. The

unwooling degree and quality of the conies from the

reference and the test sample were evaluated by the

histomorphologic skin test. The wool’s qualitative

characteristics were evaluated against microbiological

indicators. This study is based on the seminal works in the

theory and practice of raw materials treatment by such

renowned scientists as Borodina I. F., Strebkova D. S.,

Ginsburg A. S., etc., and in the theory of cavity resonators by

such scientists as Atabekova G. I., Bessonova L. A.,

Pchel’nikova Yu. N., Drobakhina O. O., Plaksina S. V., etc.

rye flour, water, yeast, mustard flour, and salt (predough) are

unwooled within five to six hours.

The exposed methods take much time to apply; that’s

why, the conventional technology, in which the flesh side is

permeated with predough, was combined with the MW

technology to speed up the separation of wool from conies.

The engineering problem is to reduce operating costs

while adopting on rabbit raising farms the technology of

separating hair coat from conies by selective treatment in the

UHFEMF in continuous mode; preserve the quality of hair

coat, intensify the process, and make the production more

ecofriendly (20-24).

The developed operation and process procedure of

separating hair coat from conies involves:

-preparing brine solution or predough in the form of a

homogenized fermented mix of rye flour, water, yeast,

mustard flour, and salt with an accurate concentration of

components;

-processing the conies removed from rabbits into a

furrow slice and taking steps for veterinary and sanitary

supervision;

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2019, Special Issue on Environment, Management and Economy, Pages: 882-889

-placing the conies on the conveyor belt and turning on

the pump for pulverizing predough or brine solution on the

flesh side;

-turning on the conveyor and the UHF generators for

thermally treating the conies moving through the resonator to

a skin temperature of 32 to 40 С;

-turning on the pneumatic pump to collect the wool

separated from the rabbit skin and discharging the unwooled

conies;

ensuring the veterinary and sanitation supervision of the

Figure 1: UHF plant with a resonator for separating wool from conies

in continuous mode: 1 is the prismatic resonator with astroids at the

base; 2 is the magnetrons; 3 is the slit closed with a non-

ferromagnetic mesh; 4 is the pneumatic duct; 5 is the drum with

pegs; 6 is the dielectric grid conveyor; 7 is the guiding and pressing

rollers; 8 is the bath with brine solution; 9 is the cony; 10 is the brine

solution pulverizer

wool;

-tracking the plant’s adjustable parameters, including

conveyor speed, generator capacity, energy costs;

turning off the plant when the line of treated conies ends;

discharging the wool from the cyclone storage and

transporting it to the production shop;

sanitary treatment of equipment.

The analysis of weak points of various resonator design

configurations (5, 10-12, 15-16) was used to develop four

UHF plants with unconventional resonators ensuring

continuous collection of wool from conies and with

electromagnetic safety ensured without below cutoff

waveguides. The first and the second UHF plant with

prismatic resonators do not ensure multiple exposure but

retain impermeability to radiation. The third plant with a

prolate spheroidal resonator and a disk conveyor ensures a

duty ratio below 0.5, which excludes cony shrinking;

however, additional units are needed to maintain

electromagnetic safety. In addition to unconventional

resonators and magnetrons, the plants have units for

permeating the cony flesh side with predough or brine

solution, which speeds up the weakening of the hair coat

holdability in the dermis of conies treated in the UHFEMF.

The fourth plant with a biconical resonator meets all the basic

criteria, including process continuity with a duty ratio below

3.2 UHF Plant with Prismatic Resonator for Sanitary

Treatment of Hair-Type Raw Material by Exposure to

Electrophysical Factors

The plant is shown in Fig. 2 and consists of horizontal

hexagonal shielding prism 11 of four equally large faces and

two opposite small faces with slits. Together with the two

opposite faces with slits the impellers mounted inside the

prism in parallel with the four equal faces with larger area

form a hexagonal prismatic resonator to the inside of which

the magnetron emitters are directed.

Like the air-conditioner impeller, these impellers are

made from a non-ferromagnetic material. Some of the

impellers are mounted closer to the faces with slits of the

shielding prism and do not rotate, whereas the other impellers

are set in rotation by two electric motors. For this purpose,

the impeller shafts are equipped with idle gears engaged in

cohesion with each other and respective guiding gears

mounted on the electric motor shafts. Two guiding gears are

mounted on each shaft of the electric motors setting the

impellers in rotation. The working dielectric strand of the

conveyor is extended through the slits in the faces. The idle

strand of the conveyor is found under the hexagonal prism.

The UHF generator magnetrons and the kilohertz frequency

power sources working according to d’Arsonval’s principle

are mounted on the outside of the shielding prism base. There

are also electric gas discharge bulbs energized by kilohertz

frequency power sources and mounted inside the stationary

impellers along their blades.

0.5, even heating of raw materials, high electrical intensity,

electromagnetic safety, low energy costs.

3.1 UHF Plant with Astroid Resonator for Separating Wool

from Conies in Continuous Mode

The plant shown in Fig. 1 has horizontal prismatic

resonator 1 with slits (this is an open resonator). Astroids are

used as the resonator bases. The working strand of grid

dielectric conveyor 6 is extended through the resonator slits

along the upright diagonal and passes between pressing and

guide rollers 7 mounted at the front of the conveyor. There is

also drum 5 with pegs at the end of the conveyor. A probe

with pneumatic duct 4 is mounted above the drum. Brine

solution pulverizer 10 is mounted at the junction of the two

upper facets of the resonator. Magnetrons 2 are mounted in

the middle on the upper facets of the prism. The diameter

and length of the cylinder conventionally escribed in the

prism are equal to an aliquot half of wavelength. The height

of slits 3 near the resonator’s face interfaces does not exceed

3.3 UHF Plants with a Prolate Spheroidal Resonator for

Separating Hair Covering from Conies

Cylindrical resonator 1 with half-spherical bases (Fig. 3)

is horizontally installed on mounting frame 7. There are also

two slits along the generatrix of the cylindrical resonator.

They are turned towards one another at one level, and their

size is 25 % of wavelength. Horizontal rotating disk 5

projects through the slits because its diameter exceeds the

cylindrical resonator diameter. Moreover, the projection

perimeter exceeds half the perimeter of the disk part in the

resonator. This will ensure a duty ratio (heating duration

related to cycle duration, heating/cooling) below 0.5 for

equaling the temperature in each elementary particle of the

25 % of wavelength, and the cross-section of these slits does

not overlap the throat of the open resonator.

884

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2019, Special Issue on Environment, Management and Economy, Pages: 882-889

raw material.

Figure 3: 3D graphic presentation of a microwave plant with a disk

conveyor for separating wool from conies (in section): 1 is the

cylindrical resonator with half-spherical bases; 2 is the UHF energy

emitters; 3 is the inspection window closed with a metal mesh lid; 4

is the pulverizer with a viscous liquid pump; 5 is the rotating PTFE

disk, 6 is the dielectric pressing ring; 7 is the mounting frame; 8 is

the drawoff nozzle; 9 is the support bearings; 10 is the gear motor; 11

is the guiding gear; 12 is the driving crown; 13 is the cony; 14 is the

pneumatic pump.

Figure 2: Plants for sanitary treatment of wool raw material by

exposure to electrophysical factors: a) is the 3D graphic presentation;

b) is the impellers; 1 is the hexagonal prismatic resonator; 2 is the

impellers; 3 is the impellers electric drives; 4 is the air duct; 5 is the

rings for clamping impeller blades; 6 is the electric gas discharge

bulbs; 7 is the dielectric grid conveyor; 8 is the kilohertz frequency

power sources; 9 is the conveyor electric drive shaft; 10 is the UHF

generators magnetrons; 11 is the hexagonal shielding prism.

Turn on the generators, whose UHF emitters 2 excite an

S-band EMF in the cylindrical resonator. The cony’s

exposure to the UHFEMF ensures selective heating of hair

bulbs, epidermis, and dermis treated with the predough. This

integral influence of the dielectric heating on the flesh side

permeated with the predough speeds up the weakening of the

hair coat holdability in the cony dermis. The pressure and

temperature of the skin components evens outside the

cylindrical resonator on the projection of the rotating disk,

which excludes any cony shrinking; in addition the predough

is pulverized onto the flesh side with the help of the

pulverizer and the viscous liquid pump. Then the cony is

exposed to the UHFEMF for the second time and the hair

coat separated from the skin is collected at the exit from the

cylindrical resonator and carried to the cyclone. The skin is

carried to the tare. The plant runs in continuous mode, which

is why the operator lays the conies pre-permeated with the

predough onto the rotating disk projection. This double

exposure to the UHFEMF ensures that the conies are treated

in sparing mode and, when the PTFE disk rotates, the

separated hair coat is not scattered in all directions because it

is pressed by dielectric ring 6. After the treatment of the

conies is finished, turn off the equipment as follows:

predough pulverizer pump 4, UHF generators 2, gear motor

and pneumatic pump 14. The non-ferromagnetic mesh louver

on the slits restricts the UHF radiation flow. Then open the

lid of inspection window 3, open drawoff nozzle 8, expose

the resonator’s internal surface to sanitary treatment. Then

cover the fresh skin with predough on the flesh side and

expose to the UHFEMF with a dose of 0.2 kWh/kg. Affected

by endogenous heat, the homogenized fermented mix

Disk 5 is made from PTFE and holds on support bearings

fixed onto the mounting frame. Inside the cylindrical

resonator dielectric pressing ring 6 is rigidly and coaxially

clamped above the disk to the inside of the resonator. Cony

3 is carried between the ring and the disk. Pulverizers 4 with

a pump for viscous liquid are mounted on the one side above

the disk projections, whereas pneumatic pump 14 is mounted

on the other side. Driving crown 12 engaged in cohesion with

guiding gear 11 clamped to the shaft of gear motor 10 is

rigidly mounted on the disk. Inspection window 3 is cut on

the cylindrical resonator generatrix and closed with a metal

mesh lid. The mesh openings do not exceed 3 mm in size,

which excludes any possibility of microwave energy

penetrating through these openings. UHF energy emitters 2

on the magnetrons mounted on the generatrix are directed to

cylindrical resonator 1. Drawoff nozzle 8 is clamped on one

side of the half-spherical base of the resonator. The mesh-

type non-ferromagnetic louvers on the generatrix are

designed to restrict the UHF radiation flow through the slits

and not shown in Fig. 3.

The process procedure develops as described below.

Close the metal mesh lid of inspection window 3 upon the

sanitary treatment of resonator 1; close drawoff nozzle 8. The

inspection window allows visually tracking the thermal

treatment of conies and protects against microwave radiation.

Start gear motor 10, which will make PTFE disk 5 rotate by

means of gear 11 engaged in cohesion with driving crown 12.

Then start pneumatic pump 14 and the pump of predough

pulverizer 4. Rub into the cony flesh side the predough made

as a homogenized mix of rye flour, water, yeast, and mustard

rye, then put cony 13 with its flesh side up on the projection

of the rotating PTFE risk on the side of the pneumatic pump.

While the disk is rotating, the cony is dragged down

dielectric pressing ring 6.

(

predough) in the UHFEMF reduces the holdability of the

hairs in the hair bursa, and they are separated from the dermis

within few minutes, depending on the condition of the

original raw material. The specific features of mustard rye

885

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2019, Special Issue on Environment, Management and Economy, Pages: 882-889

stem from the hydrolyzing influences of starch-derived acids,

high fat content in starch, and from the influence of enzymes

in conies. According to the histomorphologic evaluation of

the unwooling degree of the conies with the flesh side

permeated with predough, the exposure to the UHFEMF

destroys the hair bulb and fully loosens the epidermis layer,

which weakens the hair coat holdability in the dermis and

ensures quite an easy separation of wool from conies at a

minor inlet pressure of the pneumatic pump. This being the

case, the structural properties of the downy raw material are

retained.

form an electrical field concentrated in the center of the

resonator. The full wave reflection is observed on the

surfaces formed near the vertices, which is why the radiation

flow from open ends becomes much less intensive. The

expansion of the cone part angle increases the Q-factor; the

resonator length is adjusted at permanent cone base

diameters. The UNF plant designed following the specified

guidelines contains a symmetrical biconical resonator (Fig. 4)

with a loaded conveyor strand coaxially installed inside. The

cone vertex region contains slits. The magnetrons are

mounted in the cone base region with a perimeter-wise shift,

whereas the pneumatic duct is mounted above the loaded

conveyor strand. Conies with the predough-permeated flesh

side are carried by means of the conveyor. The steamed cony

in the UNFEMF creates the conditions for skin softening,

pore widening, rapid hair bulb destruction, and wool release.

The pneumatic pump ensures the transportation of the

separated downy raw material to the cyclone. The design of

the resonator in question helps maintain the only working

type of oscillations at 2 450 mHz and minimally reduces the

loaded Q-factor at an increase in the resonator filling

coefficient.

3.4UHF Plant with Biconical Resonator for Separating

Hair Covering from Conies

As shown in works by Drobakhin O. O. et al. (9, 19), an

open biconical resonator helps maintain continuous operation

mode at a high radiation Q-factor. The resonator’s having

areas, where the exponential law of EMF changes is strongly

pronounced, allows cutting cone vertices with significant

losses in the basic Q-factor. These resonators have a fairly

high Q-factor because there is no degeneration of parasitic

oscillations. A properly chosen vertex angle of the cone may

Figure 4: Process chart of separation of wool from conies in continuous mode in a plant with a biconical resonator: a) is the resonator; b) is the plant

layout: 1 is the symmetrical biconical resonator; 2 is the magnetrons; 3 is the conies; 4 is the pneumatic duct; 5 is the unwooled cony; 6 is the

conveyor; 7 is the predough or brine solution pulverizer

The adopted basic Q-factor of 9 000 should be calculated

via the geometrical volume and surface area of the biconical

resonator, taking the slits into account. The biconical

resonator layout shown in Fig.4 was made up especially for

the purpose. The design dimensions of the resonator were

preset, and such parameters of the truncated biconical

According to the calculations, a decrease in the resonator

height does not affect its resonant frequency but significantly

reduces its basic Q-factor. The basic Q-factor of the truncated

biconical resonator is only 10 % lower than the biconical

resonator Q-factor of 10,816; i.e., there is no significant

change in the Q-factor. Because of the rough resonator

surface and the slit, the actual basic Q-factor of the truncated

biconical resonator with be 10 to 20 % lower than the design

Q-factor, i.e., about 7 000 to 9 000. Thus the 350 l truncated

biconical resonator with a basic Q-factor of 9 000 and with

3 200 W magnetrons will ensure an electrical intensity of 1.2

to 1.5 kV per cm in a volume of up to 55 l and reduce the

total microbial number by 100 %. The main specifications of

the designed plant are given below: the UHF generator power

consumption is 4.8 kW, the expected output is 35 to 45 pcs.

per hour, and the unit energy OPEX are 0.25 to 0.39 kWh per

hour.

resonator were calculated as its volume (350 l), surface area

(

30,900 cm ) and basic Q-factor (9 647). Surface layer

thickness Δ of the biconical resonator fabricated from

-5

aluminum is 1.8 ∙10 m. (8, 17, 18). As per calculation, the

basal diameter of the biconical resonator is taken equal to

wavelength, i.e., 85.68 cm, and the cone height and the

central axis length are taken equal to 100 and 200 cm,

respectively. If to take the grid conveyor width equal to 36

cm and take into account that the slit height necessary for

letting pass the conveyor with the cony is 6 to 10 cm, the

biconical resonator length will be 125 cm. Moreover, the

critical section diameter is 0.72∙85.68 = 30.85 cm. Then a

truncated cone will be formed with a 10x36 cm slit in the

smaller base. To let the conveyor pass, it is necessary to cut

the truncated cone generatrix to a depth of 5.15 cm. The

truncated cone generatrix tilt is 67 degrees.

The horizontally mounted symmetrical biconical

resonator is assembled from two casings so that their bases

are interfaced (Fig. 4). The loaded strand of the dielectric grid

belt conveyor is mounted coaxially inside the resonator.

Conies are laid onto the loaded strand unfolded, with the

flesh side looking to the grid belt.

886

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2019, Special Issue on Environment, Management and Economy, Pages: 882-889

Figure 5: UHF plant for separating rabbit wool from conies

The idle strand of the conveyor is mounted beyond the

resonator with slits in the vertex region the sizes of which are

dovetailed the wavelength for making the plant impermeable

to radiation and achieving a fairly high basic Q-factor of the

resonator. The slits shall not be higher than 25 % of

wavelength; thus the propagation of EMWs beyond the

resonator will be limited. The slits shall be wider than the

grid belt. The magnetron emitters are mounted perimeter-

wise in the cone basal region with a shift by 120 degrees. The

pneumatic duct is located on the generatrix of one cone,

whereas the brine solution pulverizer is mounted under the

loaded strand on the generatrix of the other cone. The nozzle

for drawing off waste brine solution is mounted in the region

of the resonator’s maximum basal diameter. As the waves

originating in the middle of the resonator propagate away

from the center, their propagation constants decrease. This

being the case, the waves are almost completely reflected by

the surfaces formed at the cone vertices. Since these surfaces

are found in the resonator, the radiation flow from the open

slits considerably weakens. Resonators can have any section

dovetailed with wavelength. The low longitudinal currents in

the walls of such resonators allow achieving the maximum

basic Q-factor. The slits in out-of-limit regions allow

continuously loading the resonator with the raw material.

Since a bicone is hard to fabricate in the lab, a cylindrical

resonator with half-spherical bases was taken as a basis. That

resonator was used as a working chamber able to meet the

main criteria of UHF plant design, including process

continuity, highly intense electromagnetic field sufficient for

disinfecting the wool, high basic Q-factor, electromagnetic

safety (Fig. 5). The most efficient system is the UHF plant

with an output of 35 to 45 pcs. per hour, a power

consumption of 5.55 kW, and an energy OPEX of 0.3 kWh

per hour. The resonator specifications are provided in Table

at 0.5 m away from the plant operated for eight hours the

radiation density shall not exceed 0.01 mW/cm . According

to UHF radiation flow capacity analyses using a OZ-33M

measuring instrument in relation to the distance to the plant

and measuring height, the operator’s electromagnetic safety

is ensured for three hours of work right near the conveyor

without a shielding mesh and for the whole day of work near

the conveyor with this mesh.

Table 1: UHF plant specifications

Power consumption of four generators, kW

Output, kg/h;

4.8

15-20

34-45

0.25

0.015-0.2

0.25

5.55

0.3

pcs./h

Conveyor electric motor capacity, kW

Conveyor speed, m/s

Pneumatic pump capacity, kW

Magnetron cooling fan capacity, kW

UHF plant power consumption, kW

Unit energy OPEX, kWh/kg

Dimensions, m

1.2х1.0х2.15

According to the Sanitary Standards of Protecting

Attending Personnel against Electromagnetic Radiation, the

maximum permissible level (MPL) of the UHFEMF at

continuous round-the-clock exposure is 10 μW/cm . At an

exposure for eight and two hours the MPL is 25 and 100

μW/cm , respectively; this being the case, the UHFEMF

MPL shall not exceed 1000 μW/cm (2).

According to the analysis of the propagation of an S-band

wave beyond the UHF plant by G. B. Belotserkovskiy’s

method (3), the spherical wave generated in space by the

emitter has an amplitude pro rata with the distance from the

UHF plant and the phase also lags behind pro rata with the

distance to the plant. The fabricated test model of the UHF

plant for separating rabbit wool from conies should be

checked for impermeability to radiation. For this purpose, the

capacity flow density was analyzed using a PZ-31 or PZ-33M

1. With an output capacity of 700 to 800 W in each

magnetron and the inspection window open, the plant can

generate radiation of more than 5 000 μW/cm in intensity.

electromagnetic radiation measuring instrumentwith

All the slits can be treated as sources of UHF radiation leaks.

A leak is defined as significant when the orifice diameter in

the inspection window exceeds 2 mm. The UHF energy

emitted through the narrow slits with a width below 25 % of

wavelength is below the MPL when the slits are situated

along the lines of current flow in the resonator. There are two

safe radiation standards for plants with UHF energy supply:

measurement limit of up to 18,000 mHz, 615 W/m,

depending on the distance from the plant and the measuring

height. The relation of the standard safe capacity flow density

to the plant operation time is presented in Fig. 6. The

empirical equation of the maximum permissible radiation

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2019, Special Issue on Environment, Management and Economy, Pages: 882-889

level related to the duration of exposure to UNFEMF (τ) is

recorded as

achievable for below cutoff waveguide of 6 cm in length and

3 cm in diameter. The radiation flow through the slits

designed for carrying the raw material through the cavity

resonator can be restricted in other ways as well, including

using biconical resonators with slits in cone vertices at the

critical cross section level.

MPL = 73.283 e ^-⁰^,³⁷⁴^τ, μW/cm².

(5)

With an increase in the distance from the resonator or

from waves of leading systems, the emitted energy flow

weakens inversely pro rata with the squared distance. This is

why, it is possible to find the safe boundary at which the

radiation is below normal (Fig. 6).

Conclusion

. The elaborated scientific concept makes for separating

rabbit wool from conies by selective exposure to the

UHFEMF.

. The suggested unconventional approach to the design

configuration of resonator chambers in UHF plants with

low-capacity magnetrons of 800 W ensures a reduction in

microbial content and a continuous weakening of the

wool holdability in conies the flesh side of which is

soaked in predough.

. The elaborated efficient form of predough is a

homogenized fermented mix of rye wheat (27 % of cony

weight), water, yeast, mustard flour (27 %), and salt (1.5

). This mix is intended for permeating White Giant

rabbit conies exposed to the UHFEMF up to a heating

temperature of 35 to 40 С.

. The four described UHF plants have unconventional

resonators ensuring continuous collection of wool from

conies, while providing electromagnetic safety with

below cutoff waveguides. The first and second UHF

plans with prismatic resonators do not ensure multiple

exposures but maintain impermeability to radiation. The

third plant with a prolate spheroidal resonator and a disk

conveyor ensures a process duty ratio below 0.5, which

makes cony shrinking impossible. However, additional

units are needed to preserve electromagnetic safety. The

fourth UHF plant designed and fabricated with a

truncated biconical resonator allows meeting all the basic

operational criteria.

Figure 6: Changes in the radiation flow capacity against the distance

to the plant and measuring height: 1) w/o shielding mesh, 2) with

shielding mesh

Мощность потока излучения,

Radiation flow capacity,

μW/cm

Distance to the plant, m

_м_к_В_т_/_с_м2

Расстояние до установки, м

The UHF radiation capacity set against the distance to the

plant shall not exceed 50 μW/cm : in this case the personnel

attending the plant can work five hours a day. It is known

that any shielding system relies on the radiophysical

principles of reflecting or absorbing electromagnetic energy.

The full reflection of electromagnetic waves is guaranteed by

means of highly conductive materials; the full absorption of

these waves is possible only in poorly conductive dielectric

materials with large losses. Taking into account the

properties of the raw material, the parameters of the radiation

source, and the peculiarities of the process, it is

recommended to apply an aluminum shielding material.

To prevent the radiation flow through loading and

drawoff nozzles in UHF plants running in continuous mode,

it is possible to use below cutoff waveguides. These are non-

ferromagnetic pipes with a small diameter and a preset

length. Such waveguides do not let pass UHF energy given

that the pipe radius is 10 to 15 times shorter than wavelength

. As shown by the calculation and measurement of the UHF

radiation flow capacity using a PZ-33M, the MPL of 50

μW/cm is not exceeded, which means that the personnel

can work near the UHF plant for up to four hours daily.

References

1. Belotserkovskiy GB. Basics of Radio Engineering and

Antennae. Pt. 1: Basics of Radio Engineering [Osnovy

radiotekhniki i antenny. Ch. 1. Osnovy radiotekhniki]. Moscow:

Sovetskoye Radio. 1979.

Belova MV. Design Configurations of Volumetric Resonators of

UHF Generator for Thermal Treatment of Raw Materials in

Streaming Mode [Varianty ispolneniya ob”yemnykh rezonatorov

(

17). Let us consider a below cutoff waveguide with radius

SVCH generatora dlya termoobrabotki syr’ya

v potochnom

R=1.5 cm at a wavelength of 12.24 cm and determine at each

centimeter of the pipe length the specific attenuation of lower

modes H11 as L=16/R. L = 16/1.5 = 10.67 dB/cm. If the

resonator’s UHF oscillation capacity is 0.8 kW and the

permissible capacity outside the below cutoff waveguide

rezhime]. Vestnik GBOUVPO Nizhegorodskiy gosudarstvennyy

inzhenerno-ekonomicheskiy institute (NGIEI) (Bulletin of

Nizhniy Novgorod State Engineering and Economic Institute

(NNSEEU)). 2015;2(45):13-16.

Belova MV. Developing Ultrahigh Frequency Plants for

Thermal Treatment of Agricultural Raw Materials [Razrabotka

sverkhvysokochastotnykh ustanovok dlya termoobrabotki

sel’skokhozyaystvennogo syr’ya]. Extended Abstract of Thesis

for a Doctor of Engineering Sciences. Moscow: All-Russian

equal to 0.8 μW, the attenuation on pipe length l shall be by

.8 kW/0.8 μW =10 times or by 60 dB. Then the below

cutoff waveguide length shall be l = 60/L = 60/10.67 = 5.62

cm. The calculations suggest that the safe radiation level is

888

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2019, Special Issue on Environment, Management and Economy, Pages: 882-889

Research Institute of Electrification of Agriculture (ARRIEA).

15. Shamin YeA, Osokin VL, Novikova GV, Belova MV. Patent

2655748 RU, MPK S14V1/58. Microwave Plants for Separating

Rabbit Wool from Conies [Mikrovolnovaya ustanovka,

obespechivayushchaya otdeleniye mekha ot kozhi shkur

krolikov]. Applicant and Patent Holder: NNSEEU (RU). Appl.

No. 2017123454 of July 3, 2017. Bull. 16 of May 29. 2018.

16. Shamin YeA, Osokin VL, Novikova GV, Belova MV. Patent

2655770 RU, MPK S14V1/58. Ultrahigh Frequency Plant with

Mobile Cylindrical Resonators for Continuous Drying of Fur-

and-Down Raw Materials. Applicant and Patent Holder:

NNSEEU (RU). Appl. No. 2017114325 of April 24, 2017. Bull.

16 of May 29. 2018.

17. Pchel’nikov YuN, Sviridov VT. Ultrahigh Frequency Electronics

[Elektronika sverkhvysokikh chastot]. Moscow: Radio y Svyaz’.

1981.

18. Pchel’nikov YuN. Yelizarov AA. Prospects for Applying

Electromagnetic Heating in Treating Agricultural Raw Materials

and Foodstuffs [Perspektivy primeneniya elektromagnitnogo

016.

Belova MV, Ziganshin BG, Novikova GV. Resonator Chambers

of UHF Plants for Thermal Treatment of Agricultural Raw

Materials [Rezonatornyye kamery SVCH ustanovok dlya

termoobrabotki s.-kh. syr’ya] in Proceedings of International

Research-to-Practice Conference “Engineering Sciences for

Agrarian Production”. Kazan’: Kazan State Agricultural

University. 2014:22-25.

Belov AA. Zhdankin GV. Developing and Underpinning

Parameters of Plant with Mobile UHF Power Sources of for

Thermal Treatment of Raw Materials [Razrabotka

obosnovaniye parametrov ustanovki dvizhushchimisya

istochnikami sverkhvysokochastotnoy energii dlya

termoobrabotki syr’ya]. Vestnik NGIEI (Bulletin of NNSEEU).

017;7(74):44-54.

Berseleva MYu. Resource-Sparing Technologies of Making

Down and Fur Intermediate Products from Animal Skins with

Dense, Thickened Leather Fabric. Thesis for a Candidate of

Engineering Sciences. Kazan: Kazan National Research

Technological University. 2014.

nagreva dlya obrabotki sel’khozyaystvennogo syr’ya

pishchevykh produktov]. Elektronnaya tekhnika (Electronic

Technology). 1993;5:47-52.

Voznesenskiy EF, Sharifullin FS, Abdullin ISh. Theoretical

Basics of Structural Modification of Leather-and -Fur Industry

Materials in Low-Pressure High-Frequency Discharge Plasma:

Monograph [Teoreticheskiye osnovy strukturnoy modifikatsii

19. Strekalov AV, Strekalov YuA. Electromagnetic Fields and

Waves [Elektromagnitnyye polya

INFRA-M. 2014.

i volny]. Moscow: RIOR:

20. Shamin YeA, Novikova GV, Belova MV, Mikaylova OV.

Analyzing and Underpinning Parameters of UHF Plant with

Mobile Resonators for Separating Hair Coat from Conies in

materialov kozhevenno-mekhovoy promyshlennosti

vysokochastotnogo razryada ponizhennogo

monografiya]. Kazan: KSTU. 2011.

plazme

davleniya:

Continuous Mode [Issledovaniye

SVCH ustanovki s peredvizhnymi rezonatorami dlya otdeleniya

volosyanogo pokrova so shkur krolikov nepreryvnom

i obosnovaniye parametrov

Voznesenskiy DI, Gostyukhin VL, Maximov VM, Ponomarev

LI. UHF Devices and Antennae, 2 Revised Edition [Ustroystva

SVCH

antenny. 2-e izd., dop.

pererab]. Moscow:

rezhime]. Vestnik GBOUVPO NGIEI (Bulletin of NNSEEU).

2018;3(82):38-51.

21. Shamin YeA, Novikova GV, Belova MV, Mikaylova OV.

Designing and Underpinning Parameters of UHF Plant with

Toroidal Resonators for Separating Hair Coat from Conies

While Pulverizing Brine Solution in Continuous Mode

Radiotekhnika. 2006.

Drobakhin OOM, Plaxin SV, Ryabchiy VD, Saltykov DYu.

UHF Equipment and Semiconductor Electronics: E-Manual

[Tekhnika i poluprovodnikovaya elektronika SVCH: Uchebnoye

posobiye [Elektronnoye izdaniye]]. Sevastopol: Weber. 2013.

0. Zhdankin GV, Strorchevoy VF, Novikova GV. Procedure of

Designing UHF Plants for Thermal Treatment of Non-

[Razrabotka i obosnovaniye parametrov SVCH ustanovki s

toroidal’nymi rezonatorami dlya otdeleniya volosyanogo

Alimentary

proyektirovaniya SVCH ustanovki dlya termoobrabotki

nepishchevykh otkhodov uboya zhivotnykh]. Innovatsii

sel’skom khozyaystve (Innovations in Agriculture).

017;1(22):76-82.

Waste

Animal

Slaughter

[Metodika

pokrova ot kozhi shkur krolikov v protsesse raspyleniya rassola

nepreryvnom

rezhime].

universiteta

Vestnik

inzhenernykh

Voronezhskogo

tekhnologiy

gosudarstvennogo

(Bulletin of Voronezh State University of Engineering

Technologies). 2018;1:43-49.

1. Drogaytseva OV. Increasing Level of Heating Dielectric

Materials in Waveguide and Resonator UHF Systems

22. Shamin YeA, Novikova GV, Belova MV, Mikaylova OV.

Underpinning Parameters of UHF Plant for Disinfecting and

Separating Wool from Conies [Obosnovaniye parametrov SVCH

ustanovki dlya obezzarazhivaniya i otdeleniya pukha ot shkur

[Povysheniye urovnya ravnomernosti nagreva dielektricheskikh

materialov v SVCH-ustroystvakh volnovodnogo i rezonatornogo

tipov]. Thesis for a Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Saratov:

SSTU. 2011.

krolikov].

Vestnik

Voronezhskogo

gosudarstvennogo

universiteta inzhenernykh tekhnologiy (Bulletin of Voronezh

State University of Engineering Technologies). 2018;1:70-80.

23. Shamin YeA, Belova MV, Vieru TP. Analyzing Parameters of

UHF Plant for Separating Hair Coat from Conies [Issledovaniye

parametrov SVCH ustanovki dlya otdeleniya volosyanogo

pokrova so shkur krolikov]. Vestnik Ul’yanovskoy GAU

(Vestnik of Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy).

2018;2(42):23-32.

2. Zhdankin GV, Belova MV, Mikhaylova OV, Novikova GV.

Radiowave Plants for Thermal Treatment of Inedible Waste of

Animal Origin [Radiovolnovyye ustanovki dlya termoobrabotki

nepishchevykh

Izvestiya Orenburgskogo GAU (Bulletin of Orenburg SAU).

018;4(72):198-202.

3. Kolomeytsev VA. Komarov VV. Microwave Plants for Even

Volumetric Heating. Part [Mikrovolnovyye ustanovki

ravnomernym ob”yemnym nagrevom. Chast’ 2.] Saratov SSTU.

006.

otkhodov

zhivotnogo

proiskhozhdeniya].

24. Shamin YeA, Belova MV. Analyzing Possibilities for

Weakening Wool Holdability in Rabbit Body Skin on Exposure

to the UHFEMF

[Analiz vozmozhnosti

oslableniya

4. Novikova GV, Zhdankin GV, Mikhaylova OV, Belov AA.

Analyzing Designed Ultrahigh Frequency Plants for Thermal

Treatment of Raw Materials [Analiz razrabotannykh

sverkhvysokochastotnykh ustanovok dlya termoobrabotki

syr’ya]. Vestnik Kazanskogo GAU (Bulletin of Kazan SAU).

uderzhivayemosti pukha v kozhe tushki krolikov vozdeystviyem

EMPSVCH]. Proceedings of research-to-practice conference

“Innovative Developmental Trends in Power Engineering for

AIC”. Izhevsk: Izhevsk SACA. 2017:100-104.

016;4(42):89-93.

889