Managment Model of Administrating Territories with Special Entrepreneurial Treatment

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2019, Special Issue on Environment, Management and Economy, Pages: 950-954

J. Environ. Treat. Tech.

ISSN: 2309-1185

Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com

Managment Model of Administrating Territories

with Special Entrepreneurial Treatment

Gulia F. Galiullina*, Rasulya R. Аetdinova, Liya R. Sharipova

Kazan Federal University, Naberezhnye Chelny Institute, Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia

Received: 05/08/2019

Accepted: 20/11/2019

Published: 20/12/2019

Abstract

The article proposes a model for managing territories with a special regime of doing business (25 special economic zones, 3

free economic zones, 166 industrial parks, 73 science cities, 25 innovation-territorial clusters, 199 technology parks, 21 Far

Eastern territories of priority development, 89 territories of advanced social and economic development in single-industry towns,

etc.). Experiments on their creation in the modern history of the country have been implemented since the 90s of the 20th

century. Modern strategic management, ignoring large-scale unforeseen events (“black swans”), puts a priority on the analysis of

the causes and consequences of the most frequently occurring events and their consideration in predicting the future. But it is

precisely the factors of uncertainty and chaos that change reality, translate development into a new trend. These factors and

mechanisms of self-organization of economic development take into account the institutional-synergetic approach, which

emphasizes phase and structural transformations in the system and creates the conditions for the manifestation of various types of

synergy in phase and structural dynamics. A feature of managing special territories based on an institutional-synergetic approach

is the constant monitoring of the situation using two feedback channels. Building a positive feedback system is aimed at tracking

the system-forming transformations of the external and internal environment of the control object, and based on this, plan and

implement proactive management decisions. In a constantly changing external environment, periodically (usually for a short time

after the transition to a new development trend), it is important to stabilize the system in order to maintain new trends at a given

stage of transformation. This function is performed by the negative feedback channel. The management model of territories with

a special business regime with positive and feedback channels is focused on the implementation of proactive management.

Keywords: Saprobity, Gene 18S rRNA, Next-generation sequencing, Freshwater lake, Ecology

approach that can serve as the basis for the formation of

Introduction

theoretical and methodological aspects of the development

of a territory management system with a special regime for

doing business (hereinafter referred to as a special

territory).

The results of the development of special territories

fully show the backwardness of strategic planning based on

classical approaches.

Currently, there is

a tendency for the actual

development of the territories to be inconsistent with the

adopted programs in the medium and long term. Due to the

gap in the evolutionary changes in territorial development

and managerial influences, strategic goals remain

unattainable, and the corresponding programs lose

relevance. The weakness of the classical strategic

programming approaches limits their practical application.

In our research opinion, the reason for the current situation

lies in the fact that with such approaches, territorial

development is developed without taking into account the

system-forming factors that are caused by non-linearity,

development disequilibrium.

The first attempts to create territories with a special

business regime in modern Russia were made in the early

90s of the last centuries. In 1990-1992, in order to attract

foreign investment and technology, the promotion of

Russian goods for export, 11 free economic zones were

created (hereinafter - the FEZ). The creation of pilot

territories with

a special management regime was

Synergetics is engaged in the study of developing

systems in a constantly changing external environment. In

our research opinion, it is the institutional-synergetic

controversial: on the one hand, negative experience was

gained in creating free economic zones in large territories

(

Yantar free economic zone in the Kaliningrad region,

Nakhodka free economic zone in the Primorsky Territory

and others), and on the other hand, in 1996, 18 FEZ were

organized in the country. Currently, the country has three

free economic zones - in Magadan, Kaliningrad, since 2014

in the territories of the Republic of Crimea and the city of

Corresponding author: Gulia F. Galiullina, Kazan Federal

University, Naberezhnye Chelny Institute, Naberezhnye

Chelny, Russia. E-mail: gulia-fag@yandex.ru. Tel.:

89600856199.

950

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2019, Special Issue on Environment, Management and Economy, Pages: 950-954

federal significance Sevastopol. Since that period, the state

began to develop a new type of territory with a special type

of entrepreneurial activity - special economic zones. Ten

years of experience in their existence have shown that they

have not become an effective tool to support the national

economy. The process of their creation was characterized

by formalism, irresponsibility and impunity, lack of

executive discipline and demand for decisions made and

their consequences. The real economic effect of special

economic zones has not been achieved. (1)

In general, as of mid-2019, there are 14 types of special

territories in the country, including more than 600

management objects, the effectiveness of many of which is

being questioned by the scientific and business community.

desired future territory (a kind of macrostructure).

In a state of instability, chaos, the system itself and the

control subsystem must be flexible. A rigid system is a

system of artificial decisions and actions when the benefits

are small and visible, and the side effects are potentially

huge and invisible. (4)

Finding a system in a state of chaos allows you to start

the mechanism of self-organizing and sustainable

development:

1. To reach the desired development attractor, to form

the necessary structure of the system.

An analogue of self-regulating chaos in the system of

territories with a special regime of doing business can be a

generalized market for goods and services, the main of

which in the modern world are scientific, technical ideas.

(

. To establish the general rate of development of the

process at the micro level in a complex structure.

. Transfer various modes of system development from

one relatively stable structure to another, since chaos closes

the cycles (5) of switching opposite in meaning and

complementing each other modes of rise-fall.

Methods

The fundamental principle of the institutional-

synergetic approach to management is that it breaks

through randomness for which suitable conditions have

been consciously or unconsciously created (relevant

institutions and institutional relations). This requires a

special state of an open nonlinear system - a state of

instability, chaos. This state is characterized by the

sensitivity of the system to small fluctuations (it is

amplified through a positive feedback channel). In a state

of instability, in fact, something always lies that indicates

the relationship of micro- and macroscales. (3)

Results and Discussion

From the standpoint of the institutional-synergetic

approach, a flexible system of territorial management with

a special regime of doing business is presented in the form

of a model with channels of positive and negative

communication (Figure 1). Synergetic self-organization

In the context of chaos, coherent managerial influences,

like small disturbances, can radically change the

functioning of territories with a special regime of doing

business (a macro picture of being), the image of the

(

choosing the direction of development at the bifurcation

point and transferring the system to a new trend) is carried

out by forming a positive feedback loop.

Figure 1: Managment model of administrating territories based on institutional-synergetic approach

951

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2019, Special Issue on Environment, Management and Economy, Pages: 950-954

Cybernetic self-regulation through the negative

feedback channel keeps the development of a special

territory within the framework of a given trend (Table 1).

(externally), but with a deeper look, one can notice their

interconnection and interaction (in their essence) - the

action of the dialectical law of development “unity and

struggle of opposites”.

Table 1: Subsystems of the special territories management

model based on the institutional-synergetic approach

Often, long-term adherence to one of the possible

developmental options with the complete negation of the

opposite leads to distortions and a halt to moving forward.

Such examples are sufficient in the surrounding world,

including in social development. The presence of only state

property, with complete denial of private property, led to

the abandonment of socialism and the difficult transition of

Russia to capitalism with a drop in the income level of the

country's population and other serious losses. At the same

time, China is demonstrating a socio-political system with

elements of two opposing forms of ownership with high

annual rates of socio-economic development.

Resolution of the dilemma (the essence of the

dichotomy) allows you to focus resources on selected areas

of strategic development of the territory. This approach in

strategic management is used both at the level of individual

enterprises, and in the development of strategic guidelines

for municipalities, regions, and the country.

Subsystem of cybernetic

self-regulation

Subsystem of synergetic self-

organization

Elements

. Basic constants of the I. Benchmarking

special territory territories

development strategy

. Quantitative

special

II. Qualitative measurement of

measurement

territory's

the potential of the territory – the

potential

definition

phase

the

assessment of the current organizational development of

state of the territory key resident site

. Key performance III. Key performance indicators -

lagging Leading indicators

indicators

. Evaluation, monitoring, IV.Monitoring

leading

comparing of actual results indicators and the development of

with

performance proactive management decisions

indicators

A special territory, like an artificially created system,

consists of specific elements whose work should be aimed

exclusively at achieving the main goal (parts of the system

that are not involved in achieving the main goal cease to

exist). On the other hand, a territory, as a system, functions

in a certain environment and interacts with other systems

through established connections. Enterprises that become

residents of a particular territory often do not find stable

ties with the regional environment and other enterprises in

the region. And this gives rise to risks: changes in the target

settings of counterparties (primarily representatives of sales

markets); changes in physical conditions for the movement

of commodity, financial and labor resources between

entities; sudden and unforeseen changes in the environment

of the subject. (8, 14).

The development of basic constants in the formation of

the concept should be carried out with the involvement of a

wide range of researchers, active representatives of the

business community. The result, enshrined in legislation at

the federal level, will make the government’s policy (9)

more open, consistent and transparent, which is not

unimportant for both existing and potential investors.

Our approach to developing a model for managing

special territories is based on a dialectical understanding of

the development process. Initially, the fundamental and

most acute issues are formulated in the form of a

dichotomy space, and then the one from two opposite

positions is chosen, the negation of which led to imbalances

in the socio-economic development of the country /

territory.

Variance analysis, V.Adjustment of the strategic

including the causes of directions of activities of the

deviations, the adjustment desired image territory.

of system parameters,

performance indicators

Function

Stabilization and stability Development of the territory

of the system, plays the through the formation of the

role of a security in times desired image of the future, the

of crisis, recession, decline choice of strategic directions of

and

other

undesirable development and ways to achieve

tendencies that hinder them

socio-economic

development

territory

Tools

Balance method, linear Foresight analysis, analysis of

programming, game theory, hierarchies, methods of

SWOT-analysis, PEST- forecasting the development of

analysis expert evaluation, non-linear

statistical analysis, etc. geometry,

programming, etc.)

the

systems

(fractal

nonlinear

At the same time, development institutions are

constantly improving, not only coherently adapting to the

constantly changing internal and external environment, but

they themselves form changes that allow to bring the

system to the development trajectory of the required quality

at the bifurcation points. (6)

Through a system of basic constants, it is possible to

formalize the spectrum of system-forming characteristics,

boundaries and variants of control models and present them

in the form of a dichotomy design. (7, 22, 23)

With limited time and resource possibilities, spraying

them in different directions, trying in practice various

options for creating a territory with a special regime,

figuratively speaking, stretching of the “fabric” of the

realization of opportunities occurs, which makes it

“narrower” and can lead to possible “gaps” (that is, failure

to achieve goals, squandering budget funds, poor

controllability of the project, etc.).

When considering the image of the future of a special

territory, it is important to pay attention to the concept of

“

development”. In our research view, it is precisely

development” in the current realities of the Russian

economy that is the key definition. A natural development

process is a periodically arising choice of possible options

for moving towards a given goal. Moreover, development

options are often radically opposite at first glance

A control model based on a dichotomy system will

952

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2019, Special Issue on Environment, Management and Economy, Pages: 950-954

allow to detect and ignore information noise, save time and

resources when choosing development directions.

development and the basis for obtaining synergistic effects.

An important element of the institutional-synergetic

approach is the concept of self-organization, which is

understood as self-development of the system, self-

development of consciousness, self-regulation of the

system in movement along a conscious trajectory. (12, 15,

18). To create the conditions for the accelerated

development of a special territory, appropriate institutional

support of the process is necessary, which is considered as

a set of socio-economic institutions, relations and tools.

The first element of the synergetic self-organization

subsystem is “Benchmarking of Special Territories”. The

study of foreign and domestic practices in the field of

managing special territories will make it possible to

formulate a classification of territories by development

potential, which will make it possible to develop

appropriate models for their functioning. At the next stage,

constant benchmarking, as

tool for proactive

management, will be aimed at identifying potential risks of

not achieving strategic goals due to changes in the internal

and external environment, which will allow timely

development of coherent management decisions.

For example, the initial diagnosis of the socio-

economic situation of territories that have received the

status of territories of leading socio-economic development,

allowed to classify these territories according to the

potential for priority development. (10, 17, 19).

A qualitative measurement of the potential of the

territory is proposed to be carried out on the basis of

determining the phase of organizational development of a

key resident of the territory on the basis of the concept of

organizational development, the main provisions of which

are formulated by I. Ansoff. According to his theory, the

evolution of the management system for special territories

Table 3: Possible gaps in the governance model

Break type

Where evident

IV. Monitoring of leading

indicators and the

development of proactive

management decisions

Between planning and the

actual incarnation of plans

in effect.

Between the planned

effect of the embodiment,

and the effect that is

produced actually

Between the variety of

possible alternatives and

the selection of one of

them, which forms the

basis of socio-economic

development of the

territory, and under which

form the necessary

(

Table 2) will depend on the type of environmental

V. Adjustment of the

strategic directions of

activities of the desired

image area.

uncertainty and the corresponding type of organization of

the key resident. (8, 20, 21).

Table 2: The Classification of Development Organizations

(

I. Ansoff)

resources.

Levels of Environmental Turbulence

Repetitive

I. Ansoff

Traditional

Manufacturing

Marketing

Strategical

Flexible

Table 4: Multivariance management model with two

feedback channels

Expanding

Diagnosis of the

situation

Possible options

Changing

Power of positive

The system is

Discontinuous

Surprising

feedback over the power

of negative feedback

Power of positive

developed, it is in a

regime with peaking.

The system is

feedback power less a

negative feedback

conserved in the

development of

The system is in the

bifurcation (unstable)

state

One of the principles of a proactive manager, which is

based on the principles of an institutional-synergetic

approach, is the timely monitoring of gaps in the

development of the system, and based on this, the adoption

of proactive management decisions (Table 3). An important

element of the model of managing special territories based

on the institutional-synergetic approach is the power of

feedbacks. The value of this parameter affects the stability

of the system (Table 4).

Equal power

5 Conclusions

The institutional-synergetic approach is the art of

managing complex systems that harmoniously combines

chaos (freedom) and order. On the basis of this approach, a

system for managing special territories is proposed, which

is designed to create institutions and institutional relations

in which territorial development will “continuously update,

benefiting from unpredictable events, shocks, stressors and

variability” rather than calculating losses (13,16). From

incorrect management decisions in a constantly changing

external environment. The resulting multiplicative effect of

the functioning of territories with a special regime of

Summary

The development of the territory as an open system

occurs during phase transitions, jumps, catastrophes under

the influence of intra-systemic transformations, in states far

from equilibrium, when there is a multiplicity (not

uniqueness) of stationary states. Moreover, the instability of

the system is considered as

a potential source of

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Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2019, Special Issue on Environment, Management and Economy, Pages: 950-954

conducting entrepreneurial activity will enable us to

transfer the country's development to a higher level in the

future. At the same time, it is important not only to transfer

the managed system to a new trend, but also to choose the

best possible development option, that is, to obtain a

synergistic effect.

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