Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2019, Special Issue on Environment, Management and Economy, Pages: 1003-1005  
J. Environ. Treat. Tech.  
ISSN: 2309-1185  
Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com  
The Functional State of the Special Purpose  
Detachment Staff in the Active Tilt Test  
4*  
1
2
3
Elena V. Dyuzheva , Sergey B. Ponomarev , Albina A. Burt , Salikh Kh. Shamsunov ,  
Nikolai V. Rumyantsev5  
1The Center of Studying of Problems of Management and the Organization Executions of Punishments in Criminally-Executive System, Federal Penal  
Administration Service Research Institute, Moscow, Russia  
2
Center for the Study of Problems of the Execution of Criminal Sentences and the Psychological Support of the Professional Activities of Criminal  
Execution System Employees, Federal Penal Administration Service Research Institute, Moscow, Russia  
3
Izhevsk Branch, Federal Penal Administration Service Research Institute, Moscow, Russia  
4
The Center of Studying of Problems of Management and the Organization Executions of Punishments in Criminally-Executive System, Federal Penal  
Administration Service Research Institute, Moscow, Russia  
Center for the Study of Security Issues in Penitentiary Institutions, Federal Penal Administration Service Research Institute, Moscow, Russia  
5
Received: 05/08/2019  
Accepted: 20/11/2019  
Published: 20/12/2019  
Abstract  
The purpose of the article is to study the functional state features of the cardiovascular activity of the special purpose detachment  
employees when using an active orthostatic test. The main studying approach is to examine the heart rate variability, which allows to  
identify the risk of overtraining and coronary risk. Most of the employees of special purpose detachment are characterized by the  
predominance of the autonomous contour of the vegetative regulation. However, in an individual analysis of cardiointervalograms in  
the orthostatic test, a paradoxical type of reaction was described, during which we observed an inversion of the type of response to an  
orthostatic test from moderately sympathetic to asympathicotonic and hypersympathicotonic with over-centralization of the  
vegetative regulation circuit for three days. It has been established that the indices of heart rate variability make it possible to timely  
detect the state of “overtraining” of an organism under conditions of constant alertness and to carry out optimal planning of the  
amount of physical training of employees.  
Keywords: The Penitentiary System, Special Purpose Detachment, Tilt Test, Heart Rate Variability, Autonomic Regulation.  
1
growth of their reserve capabilities (2, 10, 11). Significant  
1
Introduction  
load intensity requires a significant increase in the function,  
first of all, of the cardiovascular system and the processes of  
regulation of its activity. However, when developing training  
programs for special purpose detachment employees of  
territorial authority of the Federal Penitentiary Service of  
Russia, the initial state and adaptive capabilities of regulatory  
systems are not taken into account. This may cause  
overtraining of the body and the disruption of its adaptive  
capacity. Therefore, timely assessment of heart rate  
variability (HRV) using functional tests can contribute to the  
timely correction of dysregulatory processes.  
In modern conditions, the functioning of the penitentiary  
system special purpose detachments is carried out by  
performance of combat missions, due to the need to use force  
to prevent offenses. In this regard, the physical, combat and  
psychological preparation of the special purpose detachments  
staff is subject to increased requirements, both for the unit as  
a whole and for the readiness of each individual employee  
(
6).  
The human body systematically functioning in conditions  
of increased psycho-emotional and physical exertion is able  
to perform more significant work in terms of volume and  
intensity. This is due to the constant activation of  
physiological and functional systems, the involvement and  
The aim of the study was to inspect the peculiarities of  
the functional state of cardiovascular activity in special  
purpose detachment employees when using an active  
orthostatic test.  
Corresponding author: Salikh Kh. Shamsunov, The Center  
of Studying of Problems of Management and the  
Organization Executions of Punishments in Criminally-  
Executive System, Federal Penal Administration Service  
2
Research Methodologies  
The HRV analysis was carried out with 12 employees of  
the special purpose detachment «Krechet» of govenment of  
the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Udmurt  
Research  
Institute,  
Moscow,  
Russia.  
Email:  
shamsunov46@mail.ru.  
1
003  
Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2019, Special Issue on Environment, Management and Economy, Pages: 1003-1005  
Republic of Russia. The registration of HRV indices was  
carried out during an active orthostatic test (lying down – 5  
minutes, standing – 6 minutes). The average age of the  
subjects was 28 ± 3.5 years. The data was monitored using  
the «Varicard 2.51» complex in the second standard lead, and  
the interval cardiogram analysis was performed using the  
Iskim-6 program. The study was conducted in accordance  
with the recommendations of the working group of the  
European Society of Cardiology and the North American  
Society of Cardiac Stimulation and Electrophysiology (6, 7).  
The classification of the vegetative regulation types is based  
on the idea of the presence of central and autonomic contours  
of heart rhythm control, among which there are four types of  
vegetative regulation:  
3
Results and Discussion  
Analysis of HRV indices showed that at rest in the  
majority of the studied, type III (MPAR) is the predominant  
type of vegetative regulation – 45.5% (5 people), type II  
(
(
PPCR) is registered in 36.3% of cases (4 people) , Type I  
MPCR) and type IV (PPAR) – in 18.2% of cases (1 person  
each). The average group value of HRV indices testified to  
the predominance of autonomic regulation of heart rhythm  
(
type III) in the supine position. When performing an  
orthostatic test, a decrease in parasympathetic activity and  
tension in the central regulation with activation of  
sympathetic effects were observed. This was accompanied by  
a statistically significant decrease in MxDMn, RMSSD,  
pNN50%, HF (ms2), PHF (%) and the prevalence of SI, PLF  
Type  
regulation (MPCR)  
Type II - pronounced predominance of central  
regulation (PPCR)  
I - moderate prevalence of central  
(
%), LF/HF in the standing position (Table 1). In the initial  
autonomic type of regulation of cardiac activity, the  
predominance of centralization of heart rhythm control  
during orthostatic exposure is one of the optimal types of  
reaction (4).  
Type III - moderate prevalence of autonomic  
regulation (MPAR)  
The data analysis under the study also revealed the  
paradoxical nature of the vegetative effect, which was  
expressed in inhibition of the transmission of the nerve  
impulse of the autonomic nervous system due to the  
overpotential of the sympathetic channel. For instance, during  
the three-time execution of an orthostatic test in the morning  
time of day (08 h 30 min) before physical activity, a  
paradoxical type of reaction was recorded successively for  
three days by an employee of the special purpose detachment.  
During the first test, activation of the central structures of  
heart rhythm management in response to orthostatic effects is  
noted, since the values of MxDM, TP, LF, VLF, ULF  
increase and the activity of the sympathetic division of the  
autonomic nervous system decreases, the value of the stress  
index decreases. In the second study, an increase in LF, VLF  
waves and a sharp decrease in ULF waves is recorded, while  
the activity of HF waves remains almost unchanged. Such a  
reaction to a change in body position is unfavorable and  
indicates a decrease in the functional reserves of the body. In  
the third trial, a special purpose detachment employee  
responds with a significant increase in MxDM, LF and VLF  
waves.  
Type IV  
autonomic regulation (PPAR).  
-
pronounced predominance of  
For the rapid assessment of the prevailing type of  
autonomic regulation, the quantitative criteria for HRV  
indices - SI and VLF (5) are taken as the basis. Interpretation  
of the  
results of an orthostatic test using  
cardiointervalography was produced in accordance with the  
assessment of vegetative reactivity proposed by R.M.  
Baevsky and A.P. Berseneva (1).  
Statistical data processing was performed using the Excel  
007 software package. Standard methods of variation  
statistics were used including the calculation of arithmetic  
means, standard deviations, and standard error of the mean.  
The results are presented as M ± m (M is the arithmetic  
average, m is the error of the arithmetic average). Taking into  
account the distribution of indicators close to normal (by  
Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion), the assessment of the  
reliability of differences in averages was carried out using  
Student's criterion. Used bilateral tests. Differences at  
significance levels of p <0.05 were considered statistically  
significant.  
2
Table 1. Indicators of heart rate variability in employees of a special purpose detachment in orthostatic test (M ± m) (group mean values)  
Indicators of  
heart rate variability  
Significance  
Lying position  
Standing position  
р
MxDMn, мс  
RMSSD, мс  
pNN50%  
SDNN, мс  
CV, %  
280,5±22,9  
48,9±5,81  
25,8±5,3  
59,0±5,6  
6,5±0,6  
89,8±11,1  
3120,0±710,0  
1055,0±250,6  
1176,3±366,4  
394,0±100,3  
495,0±124,1  
41,3±4,7  
232,2±20,2  
27,4±5,5  
5,0±1,8  
51,5±5,5  
6,7±0,6  
166,0±30,5  
2592,0±603,9  
362,0±146,7  
1502,0±467,4  
327,0±58,8  
400,7±69,1  
15,4±3,1  
<0,01  
<0,01  
<0,001  
˃0,05  
˃0,05  
<0,05  
˃0,05  
<0,05  
˃0,05  
˃0,05  
˃0,05  
<0,001  
<0,001  
˃0,05  
<0,01  
SI, усл.ед.  
2
TP, мс  
2
HF, мс  
2
LF, мс  
2
VLF, мс  
2
ULF, мс  
PHF, %  
PLF, %  
PVLF, %  
LF/HF  
42,2±4,1  
16,4±2,3  
1,4±0,3  
66,8±3,6  
17,8±2,3  
6,9±1,6  
1
004  
Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2019, Special Issue on Environment, Management and Economy, Pages: 1003-1005  
Тable 2: Individual indicators of heart rate variability in an special purpose detachment employee with orthostatic exposure  
First Orthostatic  
Heart rate variability Indicators  
Body Position  
Second Orthostatic Test Third Orthostatic Test  
Test  
215  
247  
54  
lying position  
standing position  
lying position  
standing position  
lying position  
standing position  
lying position  
standing position  
lying position  
standing position  
lying position  
standing position  
lying position  
standing position  
lying position  
standing position  
200  
171  
37  
143  
161  
32  
MxDMn  
SDNN  
55  
35  
35  
123  
106  
1837  
1946  
815  
236  
714  
1088  
196  
292  
111  
330  
152  
330  
1377  
1169  
141  
140  
291  
886  
91  
197  
262  
780  
478  
118  
44  
235  
248  
75  
SI  
TP, мс2  
HF, мс2  
LF, мс2  
VLF, мс2  
ULF, мс2  
120  
854  
23  
95  
352  
92  
In this case, the state of overvoltage of the body's  
regulatory systems is determined, which are sign of  
pronounced fatigue and indicates the need to relax the  
training regime (Table 2). However, in an individual analysis  
of cardiointervalograms in the orthostatic test, a paradoxical  
type of reaction was described, during which we observed an  
inversion of the type of response to an orthostatic test from  
4. Shlyk NI. Heart rhythm and type of regulation in children,  
adolescents and athletes: monograph. Izhevsk: Udmurt  
a
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Shlyk NI, Sapozhnikova EN, Kirillova TG, Zhuzhgov AP. On  
the features of the orthostatic reaction in athletes with different  
types of vegetative regulation. Bulletin of the Udmurt  
University.2012;1:114-125.  
6. Tarasenko AA, Alekseev NA, Kutergin NB. Some  
methodological techniques for improving the combat readiness  
of special-purpose squad members in physical training classes.  
Bulletin of Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal  
Affairs of Russia.2014;1:19-22.  
moderately sympathetic  
to asympathicotonic  
and  
hypersympathicotonic with over-centralization of the  
vegetative regulation circuit for three days.  
7
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Pagar T, Ghotekar S, Pagar K, Pansambal S, Oza R. A review on  
bio-synthesized Co3O4 nanoparticles using plant extracts and  
their diverse applications. Journal of Chemical Reviews. 2019  
Sep 23:260-70.  
4
Conclusions  
According to the result of the study, it was determined  
that, in general, the optimal type of autonomic regulation of  
the heart is characteristic of the whole group of special  
purpose detachment employees. This fact indicated that they  
are sufficiently trained and tolerated to physical and  
psychoemotional loads. However, an individual assessment  
of HRV indicators showed the presence of a paradoxical  
autonomic imbalance in one of the employees. This is a  
predictor of heart overstrain and one of the risk factors for  
cardiomyopathy in athletes (3, 8, 9). This dictates the need  
for an individual approach of the coaching staff in developing  
schemes for training processes and introduction of a  
preliminary examination using HRV by practitioners of the  
penitentiary system working with employeers.  
8
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Solomon O, Rabiu Saidu Umar W, Sanusi Wara H, Sadiq  
Yakubu A, Michael Azubuike M, Asugu Mary M, Louis H.  
Antiulcerogenic Activity of methanol extract and solvent  
fractions of Stem Bark of Lannea acida (A. Rich) Against  
Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Albino Rats.  
Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research. 2019 Jan  
3;1(1, pp. 1-80):29-39.  
9. Shyam T, Ajit A, Jangid R. Optimized Rhodium Dissolution  
Process Using Aqua Regia. Advanced Journal of Chemistry,  
Section A: Theoretical, Engineering and Applied Chemistry.  
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019 Aug 21;3(2):159-64.  
1
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0. Zamani Meymian MR. Permutation Entropy as a Parameter of  
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1. Jabbari H, Noroozi Pesyan N. Production of biodiesel from  
jatropha curcas oil using solid heterogeneous acid catalyst. Asian  
Journal of Green Chemistry. 2017 Jul 1;1(1. pp. 1-55):16-23.  
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