The Introduction of QR Codes in Production Processes

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2019, Special Issue on Environment, Management and Economy, Pages: 1108-1111

J. Environ. Treat. Tech.

ISSN: 2309-1185

Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com

The Introduction of QR Codes in Production

Processes

Marat R. Khamidullin *, Rifkat G. Mardanshin , Alexander V. Prozorov , Ramil I. Karimov

¹Kazan Federal University, Naberezhnye Chelny Branch, Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kazan National Research Technical University named after

A.N. Tupolev – KAI”, Kazan, Russia

Received: 13/09/2019

Accepted: 22/11/2019

Published: 20/12/2019

Abstract

This paper is devoted to improving the ways of working with QR codes in enterprises. The approaches outlined in this paper are

aimed at increasing the speed and accuracy of work in the field of accounting technology by reducing the number of man hours

needed to draw accompanying documentation, and in the field of equipment related to a specific task. In this case, the goal will be to

create a program for working with personal computers.

Keywords: QR code, Scanner, Database, Computer

tracking, item identification, time tracking, document

Introduction

management, and general marketing (1, 7, 8). Thus, it could

be not just a replacement for UPC, but also, given the speed

of reading, for parts of handwritten text. This means that

various companies could use it to facilitate work with their

products. A computer and even a phone can create and read a

QR code in seconds, and algorithms for these actions can be

obtained from Open Source projects and repositories (2, 9).

The concept of “QR code” (Quick Response code) arose

for the first time in 1994 in Japan (6, 22). This standard for

barcodes was developed and introduced by Denso-Wave

Company to track the various stages of production of Toyota

products in its enterprises. Soon, this standard has gained

great popularity among advertising and marketing

companies, as QR codes made the process of human

interaction with an object more interactive (9, 11). The

simplicity and popularity of QR codes made it possible to use

these two-dimensional bar codes in all areas of human life, as

well as in various industries. The QR code is a matrix (two-

dimensional) barcode that allows much more information to

encrypt than conventional one-dimensional barcodes (for

example: “EAN / UPC”, “Code 128”), and also allows

various types of data (numbers, symbols, hieroglyphs, as well

as mixed data types) to store. This barcode standard has

gained great popularity due to the fact that the recognition

process does not require special scanning equipment, such as

a special scanning beam, and can be recognized using any

camera and decoding software installed on the device. Due to

this, QR codes are used in almost all spheres of human life,

such as trade, marketing, logistics, advertising, leisure, public

services, tourism and many others (5, 12, 17, 18). In addition,

the QR code standard has several levels of error correction,

which makes their use even more reliable and in demand.

For more than 20 years, QR codes have begun to be

actively used in our lives. Their extensions include product

2 Methods

In the past few decades, mankind has begun to strive to

introduce new technologies faster and faster, which would

ensure movement in step with the times. One of the best

systems for development of applications in this case is a

spiral pattern. It will give us an opportunity to quickly get an

application prototype for integration. And by the time the

implementation is complete, there will already be a release

version of the product. Therefore, we need to look for the

language and Open Source repositories, with the help of

which it will be possible to conduct such development.

Languages such as C # or Python will provide high

development speed. The C ++ language would help us ensure

a high speed of the application, but since our goal is to get a

prototype in the shortest possible time, and also considering

the high speed of computers with QR codes, using this

language becomes meaningless (3,21). Although Python

allows us to reduce the time for developing a software

product, a rather large amount of time will have to be devoted

to creating a user interface, and in the case of C # we could

use Windows Forms, which would minimize the time for

developing an interface (4, 8, 19, 20).

Corresponding Author: Marat R. Khamidullin, Kazan

Federal University. Email: nayka_prom@mail.ru.

108

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2019, Special Issue on Environment, Management and Economy, Pages: 1108-1111

We can save the image or print it using the Save () and

Print () methods built into C #, respectively.

Results and Discussion

Since the image printed and glued onto the computer case

should be read, it is necessary to use some kind of camera.

Since a lot of people in everyday life are not to be without a

smartphone, and enterprises actively install Wi-Fi points for

communication between mills or personnel, it will be

convenient to use a smartphone camera connecting to it via a

local network. Since we will work through an IP camera, it is

necessary to decide how the image will be transmitted. The

main transmission methods are the following: the camera

receives a picture at any interval and uploads it to the server

In all existing programs that read and decode QR codes, a

simple algorithm for detecting a QR code in the image

received from the camera is implemented. Then, the standard

procedure for decoding information from a QR code is

implemented (3). However, this recognition algorithm

requires a very clear positioning of the specially allocated

area on the shooting device and a certain location of the QR

code in space. After the specially defined area on the

shooting device clearly matches the faces of the QR code,

three positioning marks are searched for, which were

discussed in the previous section. These marks are located

strictly in certain places in the selected image area on the

recording device. The disadvantage of this approach is that

the QR code cannot be in any area on the image. A user

himself / herself must first focus on the necessary QR code,

and make sure that the area for shooting the QR code

coincides with the QR code itself, which must be decoded

(

JPEGStream) or video is being broadcast (MJPEGStream ).

Conventional code readers operate according to the first

principle, but for phones it is better to use the second. It’s

best to use the Open Source repository “AForge.Video”,

which is also available for integration into the project in the

“

NuGet Package Manager”.

To obtain an image, it is necessary to designate its class,

and also give it a link where the broadcast will be conducted,

transfer a set of event handlers and, of course, start receiving

the image:

MJPEGStream stream = new MJPEGStream ("some

url");

(

5).

In order to scan a QR code, the program must first "see"

it. Since enterprises around the world are introducing Wi-Fi-

connected points integrated in a network intended for

communication between employees, this is an excellent way

of wireless communication between machines for their joint

work or for quick and remote data collection by employees

from machines.

Given the above, it makes sense to broadcast an image to

the local network. To do this, we need a device with a Wi-Fi

communication module and a camera. It could be a

smartphone, an IP camera, or even a barcode reader. In the

case of the latter, it is necessary to purchase equipment, and

in the case of smartphones, which nowadays are owned by

the majority of the population of our planet, there is no such

need. Even a HD quality picture in is suitable for reading a

QR code. To start the broadcast, an employee only needs to

download the free application, available, for example, on

Google Play (10-13). The next step is to select the quality of

the transmitted image. You should set the resolution to about

streamNewFrame

video_NewFrame);

streamStart ();

+ = new NewFrameEventHandler

(

Some cameras transmit data through an HTTP header that

is not compliant with the standard, which results in an

exception in. NET. To avoid this exception, you must set the

useunsafeheaderparsing

httpWebRequest

configuration

parameter, which can be done using the application

configuration file (7-16).

In order to display an image in a PictureBox, we must

create a method by which the class will be indicated and the

picture will be displayed:

void

stream_NewFrame

(object

sender,

NewFrameEventArgs eventArgs)

{

Bitmap bitmap = (Bitmap) eventArgs.Frame.Clone ();

pictureBox1.Image = bitmap;

}

640 x480 or 1280x 720, and the picture quality would be

from 65 to 90 per cents (the resolution required for setting

and picture quality varies depending on the quality of the

camera). Then, by clicking the “Run” button, we can see the

transmitted image and the IP address of the camera.

To create QR codes in C #, we can use the Barcode

Rendering Framework repository, open for integration into a

project, available on NuGet under the name Zen.Barcode

The last step remained is reading the QR code from the

picture. To do this, the ZXing.Net repository, which is also

available on NuGet, will be used. It supports such formats as

UPC-A, UPC-E, EAN-8, EAN-13, Code 39, Code 93, Code

128, Codabar, ITF, QR Code, Data Matrix, Aztec, PDF 417,

MaxiCode, RSS 14, RSS-Expanded (6-15).

Rendering.Framework" GitHub

BarcodeRenderingFramework". This framework supports

Code 11, Code 25, Code 39, Code 93, Code 128, Code EAN

To process the image, we should create a timer that

receives the image once a second and works with it. For code

recognition, it is necessary to designate classes and pass the

picture to the handler:

13, Code EAN 8, Code PDF417 2D, Code QR 2D (5-14).

To do this, we just need to designate the class:

BarcodeReader Reader = new BarcodeReader ();

ZenBarcode.CodeQrBarcodeDraw

Zen.Barcode.BarcodeDrawFactory.CodeQr;

and then display the image in a PictureBox (pictureBox1

in this case), obtained from some TextBox text field

brcode

Result

result

Reader.Decode

((Bitmap)

pictureBox1.Image );

The “result” variable will contain the data encrypted in

the QR code, which can then be, for example, written to a

table or displayed in a file using the built-in functions and

methods.

(

textBox1 in this case):

pictureBox1.Image = brcode.Draw (textBox1.Text, 50);,

where 50 is the maximum height of the QR code.

109

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2019, Special Issue on Environment, Management and Economy, Pages: 1108-1111

The last step left is to process the received data.

Typically, such data is collected to fill out various kinds of

reports, or the goal may be to fill out / modify the database.

For all these cases, there are ready-made libraries that it

makes sense to use.

reader) directly above the recognizable QR code image. The

problem is that QR codes can be recognized only with a

certain camera location relative to the barcode itself and with

a certain QR code location in space.

In the case of working with documents of Word type,

there is a namespace Microsoft.OfficeInterop.Word. The task

will be to write all received codes to a file that can be

prepared in advance or created in the application itself. Since

it is more convenient and faster to work with an already

prepared document, we should review this method. Since the

received codes are most likely in an array, it is necessary to

combine these codes into one variable, or assign this data to

the document directly. The second method is more

convenient, since it will use the same amount of power, but

will not occupy too much space in the computer's RAM. For

this work, it is best to use the replacement method (4). To

implement it, we must run the following code:

Acknowledgements

The work is performed according to the Russian

Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan

Federal University.

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Conclusions

Based on the work done, we can conclude that it is now

very beneficial to start the widespread integration of QR

codes. The reason is that the creation of applications for

working with them takes an extremely short period of time,

and since QR codes can only be read in a unique way, unlike

handwritten text, this will reduce the number of errors and

also ease the work load on staff. This will positively affect

the emotional state of the staff and the speed of work in

general. QR code recognition is not ideal today. In order for

the QR codes to be correctly recognized, it is necessary that

the recognized QR code image to be parallel to the camera

lens. In addition, the user must place a special limited area

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