Managing Innovation in Complicatedly Organized Facilities

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages: 225-230

J. Environ. Treat. Tech.

ISSN: 2309-1185

Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com

Managing Innovation in Complicatedly Organized

Facilities

Karina R. Nabiullina , Daria A. Bystrova , Rita A. Toriia , Natalia V. Kovaleva , Liliya V.

Borisova , Irina A. Nesmeianova , Susana A. Kirakosyan

¹Kazan State University of Architecture and Construction, Architecture and Design Institute, Kazan, Russia

Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Department of Mathematical Methods in Economics, Moscow, Russia

Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Department of Legal Regulation of Economic Activity, Moscow, Russia

Received: 11/08/2019

Accepted: 06/11/2019

Published: 20/02/2020

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to reveal the features and stages of innovation management in complicatedly organized facilities on

the example of the city. The methodological basis of the study is systematic and synergetic approaches that allow considering the

development of complicatedly organized facility through the management of innovative transformations. The system-based nature

allows to present in detail the structure of the object in the aggregate of all connections, its synergism determines the possibility of

multidimensional development of the object and their management in the conditions of not only external but also internal

innovations. The essential characteristics of system-based and synergetic approaches are revealed, the set of principles of innovation

management in complicatedly organized objects on the example of the city is revealed. A typology of innovation is developed, due to

the need to expand the understanding of the social processes affecting the development of the city. The algorithm of innovations’

introduction of different types in the current urban planning activity is presented. The results determine new sources and ways of

incorporating innovations into the existing system of urban planning, as well as the transformation of the innovation management

system itself by taking into account the interests of the city's stakeholders, who form the landscape of bottom-up innovations. This

will allow to outline the ways of the new component’s development and integration into the urban planning system, as well as to

assess the possible consequences of the projects’ realization for each stakeholder. The contribution to the theory of innovation

management of complicatedly organized facilities is made, which determines the management of the introduction of innovations’

range in urban planning.

Keywords: principles, innovation management, complicatedly organized facilities, features, system-based, synergetic.

Introduction



The process of creation, dissemination and use of

new tool, process improvement, introduction of innovations

2, 7, 14, 16, 17, 18);

A new or an improved product with improved

The priority of modern economic activity is innovation in

(

all spheres of the national economy, positively transforming

the organization of effective interaction of the processes’

main participants, determining the place, roles and functions

of each link in the innovation system, summarizing the

sources and mechanisms of innovation financing. In

economic terms, innovation is seen as:



consumer properties, the result of scientific work aimed at the

improvement of the previous similar product (8, 20).

Modern economic development is impossible without

innovative activity, which is a form of society renewal at all

levels. At the same time, it is necessary to develop a new

system of innovative processes’ interaction in each economic

sector and in the economic system as a whole, rather than

discrete implementation of innovative projects. The national

innovation system is a set of economic entities (enterprises,

research organizations, consumers) and institutions (legal,

legislative, financial, social), interacting in the process of

production, distribution and use of competitive knowledge

and technologies aimed at the implementation of the strategic

goals of sustainable development of the economic system and

contributing to the competitiveness of its entities, including

States at the international level. From an industry perspective,



Change in order to introduce and use new

products, markets, the transition to a new state of the system,

the introduction of new elements, ways in different types of

human activity to improve the efficiency (4, 6, 25, 27);

Corresponding author: Karina R. Nabiullina, Kazan State

University of Architecture and Construction, Architecture

Institute,

karina.kgasu@mail.ru.

and

Design

Kazan,

Russia.

E-mail:

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages: 225-230

considering the field of architecture and urban planning,

innovation cannot be considered any project that carries new

things or changes in the appearance. Here, the concept of

innovation is associated with the introduction of products

end of the system, its starting and ending point of any cycle

of life activity, is a system-forming element – a person (a

group of people, community, society), with respect to which

the city develops as a system-based complicatedly organized

facility.

(

goods and services) to the market with new consumer

properties or a qualitative increase in the efficiency of

production systems (1, 5).

The variety of opportunities for the development of the

city, multiple innovations in the field considered – in

construction, design, external representation, data processing,

requires management innovations that are able to exchange

diverse information with the external environment in highly

dynamic conditions and enter into continuous interaction with

the components of the external environment, that is, have a

high degree of coherence.

Methodological Frameworks

In our opinion, it is necessary to clarify the concept of

Figure 1: The city as an open dynamic system

innovation in the management of urban systems. Innovations

in the management of urban planning systems are activities

aimed at positive changes in the organization, planning,

Multi-dimensional integrity of the system at each level

provides its goal-setting, directing and regulating all activities

of the system. In a global sense, the purpose of the city is to

meet the human needs in their life support and development.

Decomposition of the goal set involves the following

components:

- ensuring sustainable development of the city as an

optimal increment of its functions, adaptation to the

challenges of time, the implementation of new industry

technologies while maintaining its identity and functionality;

Improving the quality of the urban environment as a

counterweight to industrial urbanization, primarily consisting

in the implementation of the Concept of quality of life – the

formation of conditions that ensure a decent life and free

formation of man. Representation of the urban environment

through the availability and quality of trade, communication,

food, utilities and entertainment significantly levels the socio-

economic contradictions, causing the loyalty of the

population;

coordination, control of the processes of creating

comfortable environment for people, based on the

preservation of the cultural identity of the territory,

environmental friendliness in order to maximize the potential,

stable growth of socio-economic indicators of the territory,

taking into account the probability of changes in external

factors. In such complex dynamic systems with many degrees

of freedom, the order parameters that determine its invariance

are always determined, and the interaction with the external

environment that ensures the emergence of innovations

allows preserving its dynamic qualities.

In principle, the control system of any objects is a set of

controlling subsystem and controlled subsystem and its

dynamic subsystems, elements and multiple organizational

cyclic communications, forming a complex multidimensional

construct, determined by the system-forming factor.

It is appropriate to consider the city from the perspective

of a managed subsystem. The system-forming factor of the

city, obviously, is not the development of industrial spheres,

but the population (people) as a subject, implying the

orientation of innovation on its life activity and long-term

development.

Obviously, the city is a system-based, complicatedly

organized facility; the source element (system’s atom) is the

people (population). It is to its life support (accommodation,

employment, training, recreation, service) that the city obeys,

seeking to optimally generalize all the selected areas. The city

as an open system continuously interacts with the external

environment, while the interaction has all kinds of forms –

information, energy and material transformations, ensuring

the integrity of biological and physical natural systems.

Important in the study of the city as a system is the allocation

of its meta-systems and subsystems (see Figure 1).

- Ensuring the identity of the urban base associated with

the preservation of the existing cultural friendliness, national

and regional features of architecture that meet the self-

consciousness of the population. The humanistic component

of urban planning is to find a balance in the renewal and

transformation of urban space, which implies a productive

resolution of the contradictions between socio-cultural

positions and spatial development of territories;

Ensuring the safety of the urban environment,

associated with the peculiarities of new facilities’ design and

the maintenance of intensive man-made production, transport,

energy activities while minimizing the risks of threats to the

safety of the population.

The next property of the city, integrating its diversity as a

complicatedly organized facility is the unity and coherence of

the elements that provide the opportunity to achieve the goals.

Indeed, the three bases of the city: natural, historical-cultural

and urbanized are closely connected with the residential and

industrial infrastructure, revealing through the unity of the

social space available to each resident. Connectivity is

revealed in each urban subsystem – transport, environmental,

etc., causing new opportunities of urban environment.

The city is fully connected with the external to it meta-

systems within all socio-economic and sectoral relations at

the regional level and the country level as a whole. On the

other hand, the city as a system, in turn, is fundamentally

connected with the subsystems that ensure its functioning –

sectoral and organizational. And finally, the beginning and

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages: 225-230

The property of openness of the city as a complicatedly

organized facility is also logical. The openness of the city

with this goal denotes its dynamic growth and evolutionary

development, as well as the implementation of the concepts

of dialogue space of the city (26) as a socially-oriented

prerequisite for its development – the productivity of the

transport system with the dominance of the pedestrian, the

availability of convenient infrastructure with the expansion of

green areas, the use of various energy sources and

ecologization with reasonable consumption of natural

resources, etc., that is, the focus on the consumer of today

and future generations.

The hierarchy nature of the city as a system is determined

by the levels of management if the balance of stakeholders is

maintained. The interaction of the city in the Meta – systems:

regional and national economies, its place in the cultural

complex of the country, its activity in tourism, etc. - has a

predominant connection. The transport network of the city

and its place in the meta-systems possess the functional

hierarchy. The operational hierarchy is defined by the

concept of urban development and is characterized by zones

of its predominant influence.

facility and reducing them into a single theoretical picture,

deliberately complicating the object to reveal all potential

interactions of the system parts (3, 9, 13). The

implementation of the system-based approach through the

revealed properties of goal-setting, unity and connectivity,

hierarchy and multicomponent nature, emergence and

dynamism, allows us to separate the city as a multi-level

socio-economic territorial system, within which there are

numerous interrelated processes of external and internal life

support of the population.

The system theory assumes harmony of interrelation of

the city elements as system-based complicatedly organized

facility: change of parameters of one of them in a certain way

influences change of parameters of other elements and, as a

rule, in a nonlinear way. At the same time, the resulting

nonlinearity requires certain control restrictions at each time

and taking into account the potential bursts arising in an

unstable environment (11, 15, 22, 23).

Indeed, representing the city in the form of a system of

fabric and frame, the territory is structured. Here, the

transport network, engineering infrastructure and the green

zone (public spaces) create a framework for the fabric -

buildings, structures, the transformation of which is

influenced by management decisions and innovations of

different levels. An objective analysis of the Russian cities

shows that in connection with changes in the socio-economic

conditions their environment becomes chaotic, which

actualizes the introduction of the methodology of synergetic

approach, initiating humanitarian component - the real needs

of the residents, the possibilities of transformation,

development and improvement of the urban environment (19)

in the concept of the city self-development initiated by a

variety of factors. The essence of the synergetic approach

(10) involves the coordination of States of self-organization

processes in complex systems of different nature. Indeed, the

city as a natural-anthropological and man-made system

includes all the processes of self-regulation at critical

moments, forming new structures that emphasize or violate

critically the existing state (bifurcation point) mismatch of

goal setting and surrounding circumstances. Innovations in

management can push the system to move from one level of

organization to another, thereby changing the system itself.

Important in this change is the internal state of the system

itself, the rearrangement of its elements and so on, and the

target-forming factor. At this point, randomness leads what is

left of the system to a new path of development. Once the

path is chosen, the system re-exists within the established

order until the next bifurcation.

The emergence-based nature of the city as

complicatedly organized facility is manifested in the variety

of interactions of its elements forming an integrity,

substantially exceeding the sum of its parts. For example, the

set of transport and communications form the infrastructure

subsystem of the city, while highlighting the person

(

population) as the atom of the city; subordination (or the

desire for subordination) to it of all the other subsystems and

indicators that characterize the city from different points of

view becomes obvious.

The dynamic nature of the city as a complicatedly

organized facility is expressed in the continuous growth of

the population, and because of the need for predictive design,

as well as in the resolution of internal contradictions between

the subsystems of the city with the priority of any of the

parties. This property determines the need for phased

monitoring and correction of any urban plans and tasks as

new, initiating changes and events appear.

In General, using the global systems of national

economy, ecology and demography, forming the outer

boundaries of the city as a system in a multidimensional

context, the city connects the territorial, industrial,

environmental, socio-economic systems of geographically

separated territory through the formation of a sustainable

system of human life activity.

Sustainable development of the city presupposes the

existence of an innovation management methodology capable

of linking together the development strategy, structure,

system processes of life support, based on socio-cultural

ideas and proclaimed values, new technical and technological

capabilities.

The system-based approach serves as the initial

philosophical basis for the study of complicatedly organized

facilities as systems. The methodology, specificity of the

system-based approach is determined by the fact that it

focuses the study on the disclosure of the integrity of the

object and the mechanisms that provide it, to identify the

diverse types of relationships of a complicatedly organized

Thus, the system-based approach allows us to study the

city as a complex object as a self-organizing integrity, the

initiation of development of which is predetermined by

planned and managed innovations. Sources of innovation can

be planned and spontaneous, allowing you to extrapolate the

dependence of spontaneity – organization on the forecast

state of the city.

The leading principles of the selected system-based and

synergetic approaches are:

- The principle of iterative cyclic nature assuming cyclic

development with continuous positive increment (change of

state) causing local stability, but global instability of the city;

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages: 225-230

The principle of the adequacy of the innovation

(3) Organization and division of labor.

potential of the existing development strategy of

The initial positions of our study and the system-forming

factor of the city – its population to some extent change the

approach to determining the typology of management

innovation. First, it refers to the source of innovation, which

can be global (country level of management), regional

(municipal level of management), sectoral (organizational

level of management); bottom-up (bottom-up innovation)

consumer (stakeholder) level of management or

participation).

Bottom-up innovations are initiatives that arise in the

field, inside or outside of the city and ascending from the

users to the formal structures through the effective use of tacit

knowledge gained and accumulated in the result of the user

experience; it meets the needs of policy of innovation

inclusive growth for the interests of the whole society (28). It

is bottom-up dynamism that researchers describe as a

necessary condition for the development of broad innovations

complicatedly organized facility, a set of positive factors

increases the integral potential of the city development

through a variety of endo - and exogenous contradictions,

giving acceleration of its development and causing new

opportunities to meet the needs of the population;



The principle of flexibility of development

management, which is to assess the transparency of

innovative initiatives by real resource, natural and cultural

friendliness directions of development of complicatedly

organized facility and their further implementation;



The principle of readiness of management to the

fastest and full development of the created potential of the

city development that meets inquiries of stakeholders;



The principle of participatory nature of

management, which is responsible participation of each

stakeholder in the decision - making process for sustainable

development of the city as a complicatedly organized facility;

(

21).

The nature of bottom-up innovation is dualistic. On the



The principle of communicative interaction,

one hand, they are the generator of strategic innovations – as

the base of their startup, on the other – the reason for their

transformation, arising under the influence of multidirectional

local construction intentions, the reason for the blurring of

the strategic vector of urban planning intentions.

which determines the continuous development of relations

between all stakeholders of urban development under specific

conditions, circumstances, goals of stakeholders.

The identified principles determine the methodical basis

for the implementation of innovation management.

This duality of bottom-up innovation is one of the reasons

for the cyclical nature of innovation management, along with,

for example, trends in global technological and economic

changes (technological structures, Kondratiev cycles, etc.) or

municipal and regional elections, leading to a change in

socio-economic programs and adjustment of urban planning

intentions.

The interaction of all types of management innovations is

extremely important, because it is the bottom-up innovations

that are multidirectional and reflect the interests of business

and the population, forming a vector of development, as a

clash of multidirectional forces. Strategic innovations

accumulate bottom-up innovations, making action

amendments taking into account the doctrine of urban

development, built as a political act of municipal authorities

with the help of professional experts in the framework of an

integrated urban development strategy.

Results

It is necessary to consider the content of management

innovation as strategically important in today's economy. The

productivity of any project aimed at the development of a

complicatedly organized object is as higher as the more

global synergetic effect of its implementation. According to

the typology of A.I. Prigozhin (2003) (24), they include the

following types:

1) Technical and technological (new equipment, devices,

technological schemes, etc.);

) Food (new products, materials);

) Social, which include economic (material incentives,

growth indicators, etc.); organizational and managerial (new

organizational structures, forms of labor organization,

decision-making, etc.); actually social, i.e. changes in intra-

collective relations; legal.

Moreover, if the first two types of growth from

innovation is obvious, the social contour of innovation, to

which we attribute management innovation in the city as a

Then from the position of the city as a complicatedly

organized facility, we can give the following examples of

management innovation:



Personnel innovations with the formation of a

special type of personnel access to the design of new

complicatedly organized object, has

long-term

implementation and delayed effect. Long periods of search

for a suitable management system in urban planning (which

lasted about 20-30 years), is accompanied by inhibition or

spontaneity in the real construction of cities, a significant loss

and de-professionalization of urban planning personnel and

methods of urban planning, aggravation of urban problems,

degradation and chaotic development of inter-populated

areas.

The research of K.S. Klevtsova (2017) (12) emphasizes

that among the managerial innovations in the economic

sphere places are distributed as follows:

2) The introduction of improved methods of

management;

facilities within the current historical environment;



Organizational and documentary innovation -

toolkit enabling a new package of documents of territorial

development of agglomerations;



Self-governing innovations

administrative powers of territorial public self-government;

Communication innovations purposeful

expansion of



formation of relations and formats of interaction between

society, business and government.



Management innovations in the urban planning

sphere according to the typology allocated by us are planned

to be implemented in accordance with the above-mentioned

algorithm (Figure 2).

(

New organizational management structure;

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages: 225-230

Discussion

Key aspects of interaction between theory and practice of

complicatedly organized facilities’ development require a

thorough analysis of the uncertainty phenomenon. Carrying

out numerous reforms, spontaneous interactions, give rise to

system-based crises of the world socio-economic systems.

The principal goal of human life support from the state

position is to create conditions for his/her development while

maintaining cultural and natural identity as possible. From

the standpoint of the city as a complicatedly organized

facility the goal setting of the development is determined in

the design and planning documents’ system with the long

design period of implementation, during which the

environment, circumstances, laws, priorities change. Thus,

there is a mismatch of goal setting and surrounding

circumstances. There is a need to adjust (update) the strategy

of urban development management, which encourages the

emergence of management innovation. The concept of

sustainable urban development assumes that modern urban

management practices, meeting the needs of currently living

people, does not deprive future generations of the opportunity

to meet their own needs.

Figure 2: Stages of innovation management in a complicatedly

organized facility

As a real example of the algorithm used, one can

represent the algorithm for transformation of the existing

system of urban development municipal management (range

of innovations):

Step 1. Reorganization of the management system and

formation of competent human resources. Introduction of

innovations: organization of coordination of individuals’

construction intentions and the business community with the

system of events as part of the Executive Committee service.

Step 2. Identification of the territory’s resource potential

and the organization of systematic maintenance of the duty

plan of urban development.

Step 3. Organization of municipal - private partnership.

Implementation of innovations: coordination of activities

in the field of urban development of the territory,

incorporated in the project planning documentation, and

construction intentions of the business community and

individual private investors-developers (including bottom-up

innovations).

Step 4. Formation of the road map of settlement

development based on the activity equality of all local

vectors, with their different resource intensity and duration.

Introduction of innovations: adjustment of resource intensity

balance, sequence and necessary chronological duration of

the provided actions.

Step 5. Development startup. Maps of local priority

transformation of the territory. Implementation of

innovations: the plan of priority urban planning activities is

formed based on the data of urban monitoring, requests of the

local population, plans for the implementation of project

urban planning documentation and a comprehensive analysis

of the resource potential of the studied area (including

bottom-up innovations).

Step 6. Formation of positive public opinion in support of

urban policy for the development of territories. Introduction

of innovations: achievement of a high level of public

awareness about the plans of municipal government and the

degree of public participation directly in the development and

coordination of these plans (participatory design, including

bottom-up innovations).

Conclusions

The authors achieved the following results in the course

of the study:

1. A complex representation of the city as a

complicatedly organized facility with the allocation of system

properties is carried out: activities’ goal setting, unity and

connectivity of elements, openness, hierarchy nature,

dynamism, and emergence nature. The system-forming factor

of the city is the population; therefore, there is a serious need

to involve the population and other stakeholders in the

management of territories’ development.

. The specificity of the city as a system-based object and

its representation as an object of management necessitates the

involvement of specific methodology for the

implementation of planned and spontaneous innovations. As

such a methodology, the authors propose systematic and

synergetic approaches that generalize the features of the

object under consideration and are implemented through the

principles of iterative cyclist nature, adequacy of innovation

potential, flexibility of development management, readiness

and participative nature of management, communicative

interaction.

3. The typology of management innovations is revealed,

the distinctive feature of which is the active participation of

stakeholders at all stages of urban development – from design

to evaluation, and accordingly, the development and

accounting of bottom-up innovations that have a significant

impact on the development of territories and their planned

future.

. A flexible algorithm for the implementation of

management innovations of different types (personnel,

organizational and documentary, self-government,

communicative) is developed, which determines their

potential productivity and brings to a new level the long-term

interests of sustainable development of the city as a

complicatedly organized facility.

Step 7. Attraction of external investors and financial

resources.

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages: 225-230

6. Valiullin AA. Dialogue space of the city. Architecton:

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