Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages: 175-181  
J. Environ. Treat. Tech.  
ISSN: 2309-1185  
Journal weblink: http://www.jett.dormaj.com  
Philosophical and Pedagogical Aspects of Career  
Guidance Policy for Learners and Students  
1
*
2
3
Evgenia V. Alekhina , Andrey L. Zolkin , Roman N. Parkhomenko , Aleksandr I.  
4
5
6
7
Pirogov , Andrey L. Safonov , Veronika S. Zapalatskaya , Olga G. Krasnoshlikova  
1Department of Philosophy, Moscow Region State University, Moscow, Russia  
Department of Philosophy, Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal affairs of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikot’, Moscow,  
2
Russia  
3
Department of Philosophy and Cultural Studies, Federal State Institution of Higher Education «Russian University of  
Transport», Moscow, Russia  
4
Department of Philosophy, Sociology and Politology, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia  
5
Department of the Philosophy, Moscow Region State University, Moscow, Russia  
Moscow Region State University, acting rector, Moscow, Russia  
Kuzbass Regional Institute of Professional Development and in-Service Advanced Training of Educators, rector, Kemerovo,  
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7
Russia  
Received: 14/05/2019  
Accepted: 01/10/2019  
Published: 30/02/2020  
Abstract  
The article substantiates the main approaches to career guidance which is becoming increasingly critical for mastering such  
meta-professional traits as “mobility”, “the ability to self-development”, “learning throughout one’s lifetime”, and “the analysis and  
reflection of one’s professional achievements and intentions” to be competitive in the global knowledge economy. These personal  
traits are tightly linked with the application of new technologies, fundamental changes in the future job market, new trends in  
profession and the emergence of new “careers for the future/ professions of the future” associated with more complex problems and  
new challenges for qualified specialists. Systematicity and dialectical methods, personality-centered and competence approaches  
have been chosen to carry out this research. This paper presents the analysis of tendencies in career guidance policy, describes its  
specific in the modern socio-cultural environment. Moreover, it reveals new meanings of career guidance with focus on the image of  
“
professions for the future”. The article also presents new forms of career guidance for learners and students, including the activity  
on the basis of advanced vocational training centers.  
Keywords: vocational self-determination; career/vocational guidance; specific of career guidance, professions for the future,  
professional trials.  
1
citizens of the Russian Federation who have never tried to  
1
Introduction  
find a job in the field of their study account for 28%; 30 % of  
participants explain their refuse to work in the field of their  
study by impossibility to be employed and only 20% of  
participants claim that the change of their career helped them  
to find the right way and professional satisfaction (17).  
The survey conducted by specialists from National  
Research University “Higher School of Economics” has  
shown that 28% of university students want to work in  
different commercial sectors (managers, analytics, private  
clinics, schools, universities). 19% of the pollees are in  
favour of being top- or middle-ranking managers in private  
firms, 13 % of pollees would like to be enterpreneurs and run  
their own business. Only 10 % of students plan to work  
somewhere in an academic or scientific area (17). It is  
Modern world is dynamic and technological and new  
economy transforms the demands of the labor market. Where  
new technologies have been introduced, demand for new  
professions, particularly high-skilled information and  
communication technology (ICT) workers, has increased.  
There is a world tendency when new professions emerge and  
old extinct which leads to permanent changes in the  
functional structure and competence content of all kinds of  
professional activity (3). The recent survey has shown that  
4
7% of Russians do not work in the field of their study;  
Corresponding author: Evgenia V. Alekhina, Department  
of Philosophy, Moscow Region State University, Moscow,  
Russia. E-mail: alekhinaevgenia@yandex.ru.  
175  
Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages: 175-181  
necessary to emphasize that among the most in-demand  
trades are salespeople, drivers, cooks, motorcar mechanic,  
laboratory assistants, carpenters and etc.  
−
absence of a united information system dealing with  
occupational guidance;  
−
underestimation of partners’ role in career guidance  
Here are the most in-demand jobs in the system of  
secondary vocational education (according to the rating of the  
Ministry of Labor and Social Protection):  
and lack of cooperation between partners and technological  
and qualification markets, market of parents’ expectations,  
and young people needs;  
Motorcar mechanic;  
Database manager;  
Graphic designer;  
Cosmetician;  
− absence of coordinated quality management system  
dealing with career guidance (22).  
The analysis of shortcomings revealed by some famous  
scientists (8, 22) allows us to state that they have a negative  
impact on vocational guidance activity leading to its  
worsening.  
Chemistry lab technician;  
Master - decorator;  
Master of carpenter's finish;  
Metrologist;  
Mechotronics engineer ;  
Robot technician;  
Industrial mechanic / millwright;  
Operator of pilotless vehicles ;  
Application software developer;  
Optical mechanic;  
Tile layer;  
Pastry cook;  
Programming specialist;  
Web and multimedia application developer;  
Plumber;  
In spite of revealed shortcomings, we should accept some  
positive changes in the system of general and higher  
education in the Russian Federation. The direction of these  
changes is determined by the Presidential Address (2015) that  
outlines some measures for quality assurance of secondary  
vocational education and specifies some steps for improving  
training of qualified middle-ranking specialists and workers.  
Secondary vocational institutions should have satisfied 50%  
of needs for qualified staff in 50 professions by 2020. The  
transition to the standards of the fourth generation (TOP -50)  
and the improvement of cooperation between educational  
institutions and employers yield concrete and positive results.  
Through training improvement, alumni will be able to  
work in the field of their study and be winners of the  
International WorldSkills Competition. It is necessary to  
emphasize that 100% of alumni of the leading educational  
vocational institutions find the employment. To compete in  
the knowledge economy, it is necessary to train workers  
through a new model, which involves a “in-plant probation  
period/on-the-job training” carried out by institutions of  
secondary vocational education. The probation period allows  
students to enhance their knowledge and make a conscious  
career choice upon the analysis of their own interests and  
abilities. That is why the number of students who wants to  
study at institutions of secondary vocational education is  
steadily increasing.  
Modern technologies and constant changes in trade trends  
force us to find new ways for improving career guidance.  
Students must not only analyze their abilities, personal traits  
and preferences for motivating choice of the future  
professional activity, but also be aware of a variety of  
professions and able to predict the demand for a certain  
profession/trade over a period of 5-10-15 years. People  
involved in the career guidance must know all information  
about institutions engaged in vocational education, predict the  
changes on the labor market, and be aware of job trends and  
perspectives of future employment in a certain region.  
Agency for Strategic Initiatives (ASI) and  
SKOLKOVO business school published “The Atlas of New  
Professions” in 2015. Several thousands of specialists,  
scientists and representatives of many leading companies  
took part in its preparation. This atlas is an almanac of  
promising industries and occupations for the next 15 to 20  
Electronic Assembler (specialists of electronic  
equipment and devices) (20).  
The forecast of the most in-demand jobs created by the  
Ministry of Education and Science, the Agency for Strategic  
Initiatives and big HR-companies has shown the need for  
blue-collar jobs which confirms the prestige of secondary  
vocational education (20).  
It is vital to make our future generation ready for being  
flexible and able to change their professional career several  
times within their life. The analysis of modern studies  
conducted by Russian and foreign scientists allows us to  
conclude that there is a high probability that a modern man  
will change his job almost each 7-10 years. The Department  
of Labor of the USA claims that many young people will  
change their work 10 times till the age of 40 (18).  
The reasons for the current state in the system of  
vocational self-determination are (8): “almost complete  
absence of the state status of the career guidance policy in  
Russia, its irregularity, unpreparedness of teachers and other  
practitioners to carry out this activity, lack of coordination  
and continuity among schools, parents, the system of  
vocational education, industrial plants, employment services  
and other social institutions …” (8).  
Here are some other reasons for the lack of  
correspondence between vocational self-determination  
occupational guidance) and post-industrial society needs  
22):  
(
(
−
the tendency to prepare school-leavers for getting  
university education and, therefore, the concern of career  
guidance policy with this idea;  
years. It  
was created through a unique analysis of  
technological, social and economic changes, as well as  
development plans of leading companies to understand which  
industries will be actively developing; what technologies will  
be created; what kind of new professionals will be in demand.  
−
strong conviction about prestigious/not prestigious  
institutions dealing with education and imbalance in the  
number of university alumni and college graduating students;  
1
76  
Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages: 175-181  
Andrey Sharonov, the rector of the Moscow School  
of Management SKOLKOVO claims that: “The Atlas is a  
good reason for comprehension what education we and our  
children need” (5). The atlas is a first step towards the  
development of vocational guidance system for young people  
and shows the scale of the problem and approaches to its  
solution. At present complexity and versatility of work  
carried out by qualified specialists is one of the most  
important tendencies. Multi-disciplinary education will be  
one of the competitive advantages for future specialists.  
There is a need for specialists with interrelated competences  
who are able to design and adapt new products, carry out  
marketing research and manage the production process (5).  
The Atlas contains the description of new professions in  
project management;  
programming / robotics / artificial intelligence;  
client-centering;  
multilingual and multicultural abilities;  
work with people;  
work under uncertain conditions;  
economical production;  
artwork skills;  
ecological way of thinking (5).  
The Atlas of New Professions includes:  
−
Recommendations on the choice of universities,  
providing basic training in the field of the professions of the  
future;  
−
The list of Russian companies where alumni can be  
employed after completing their education.  
The most famous and popular with potential  
25 major industries and technology areas of Russian  
economy. Moreover, this Atlas features goals and tasks that  
the future specialists will face. It also presents meta-  
professional skills and competences required in each sector of  
the economy. It also includes a brief description of trades and  
professions that will emerge by 2020 and after 2020.  
The chapter “Where can you get the basic education to  
being a specialist?” is also extremely important for carrying  
out vocational guidance. This chapter includes universities  
and higher educational institutions able to give a full range of  
knowledge, competences and skills required for a certain  
sector of the economy. Let us turn to the list of future  
professions that will be relevant in the medium and long term  
in fast-growing “Mining and processing of fossil fuel” sector  
of the Kemerovo Region economy to illustrate how this Atlas  
can be used. Professions that will emerge by 2020:  
−
employers (oil and gas, metallurgical and mining companies)  
universities that train specialists for mining and processing  
sector;  
−
Full information about new professions of the future  
for specialists involved in the vocational guidance (5).  
Though modern school leavers unlike students who  
finished schools 10-20 years ago have free access to  
information about future professions and vocational  
education through the Internet, social and special Web sites  
and mobile gadgets, vocational and educational guidance is  
still very important. Vocational and educational guidance  
helps understand what kind of new professionals will be in  
demand and what “professions of the future” will be popular  
in a couple of years. It also informs what kind of salary a  
specialist can get working in a certain field or industry. Thus,  
the importance of this activity can scarcely be overestimated  
since these factors are critical when choosing the future  
career.  
System mining engineer;  
Eco-analyst in mining industry;  
Engineer – interpreter of telemetry data;  
Roboticists;  
Operator of a pilotless aerial vehicle for mineral  
The analysis of average pay (by the end of 2018) made by  
the Center for Testing and Developing “Humanitarian  
Technologies” (according to Superjob, Rabota.ru and  
exploration.  
A Coordinator of distributed drivers' / tunnellers' teams  
will be a new profession after 2020. It is a specialist whose  
aim is to ensure the coordinated cooperation among people  
on site and those who are busy with projects (work distantly).  
A coordinator is responsible for team communication, tactical  
task development and disagreement and conflict elimination  
HeadHunter) has shown top 10 highest paid professions (19):  
th  
1
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
0 place. Dentist.  
th place. Obstetrician-gynecologist.  
place. Boring engineer / drill operator.  
place. Risk-manager.  
place. IOS and Android developer.  
place. Big Data analyst.  
(
5).  
The first chapter “What is changing in the sector?”  
reviews the mining and processing sector and features future  
goals and tasks:  
place. Civil pilot.  
place. Consultant on SAP (SAP – Service Advertising  
Design, development and service of automated  
complexes for mining;  
Protocol)  
2
place. Java / Ruby programmer (developer). (19).  
4D-modelling for a mining lifecycle from drilling to  
closure and recultivation;  
1 place. Shipmaster.  
IT specialists, managers, narrow medical specialists and  
bank managers are well-paid in Moscow. The heads of IT  
departments, IT specialists, financial officers, directors of  
marketing and sales, financial analysts draw high salaries in  
St. Petersburg. The highest paid professions for girls and  
Analysis and foresight of ecological threats caused by  
mining of mineral deposits;  
Design and development of automated ecological  
monitoring  
Here are the most important meta-professional skills and  
competences in a mining sector (according to the authors of  
The Atlas of New Professions”):  
women flight  
attendants/stewardesses, PR managers, psychologists, real  
estate brokers, lawyers and bookkeepers. IT specialists,  
are  
marketing  
specialists,  
“
systemic thinking;  
interindustry communication;  
pilots, shipmasters are among the highest paid professions for  
men. Engineers working for oil and gas companies as well as  
1
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Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages: 175-181  
design engineers, maintenance engineers and etc. are also  
well -paid in Moscow and St. Petersburg (19).  
Zachesova, Esenina, Kuznetsov, Novikov, Pryazhnikov,  
Rezapkina, Rodichev, Serebryakov, Yatsenko).  
The specialists of the Center for Testing and Developing  
Humanitarian Technologies” MSU” claim that the highest  
paid professions in 5-10 years will be:  
There are many reasons for global changes in  
professional trends. The primary reason is the application of  
new technologies along with economic growth, and  
development of science and engineering causing the  
emergence of new industries and new professions and  
disappearance of outwearing. This process is dynamic and,  
therefore, the man should also be flexible and mobile.  
Person’s successfulness is becoming of a great importance in  
this new professional environment. Only resourceful people  
possessing “creativeness” and “self-development ability” can  
determine their career path and be successful in adapting to  
the highly competitive environment. A successful man must  
be ready to analyze and consider his professional inclinations  
and achievements, to take decisions on his future career  
choice or career changes and be able to make a professional  
career and, if necessary, to correct it. Thus, personality  
development is a complex task for education system.  
S.N. Chistyakova and N.N. Zakharova (1987) claims that  
the model of career development and promotion will be  
nonlinear for many school leavers and exact prediction of  
their “entry and leaving” will be more unlikely. The career or  
occupational choice will be replaced by the choice of social  
strata.  
The shift of emphasis is reflected in Federal Standards for  
secondary schools and higher education. Traditional  
education methods are ill suited to providing people with the  
skills and knowledge they need and the teacher’s role is no  
longer to provide content but rather to work with learners to  
explore new territory. Academic knowledge is substituted by  
competences and new standards are based on systemic and  
activity approaches.  
“
−
−
−
IT specialists;  
Financial analysts;  
Specialists working in mining and chemical industries  
(
19).  
It would find difficulty to quarrel with this list made  
by specialists of MSU since IT technologies, financial  
analytics and mining industry are bases which ensure  
efficient economic development of the Russian Federation.  
This fact is admitted by the Ministry of education of the  
Russian Federation. Federal and national projects  
Education” and “Modern School” developed for general  
secondary education are evidences of this clear-eyed  
understanding.  
Special Centers for Humanitarian and Digital  
Education “Points of Increase” have already started their  
operation in pilot regions of the Russian Federation. This  
project developed for 3 years is aimed at material and  
technical resources renewal and content updating in fields of  
“
“
Technology”, “Information Science” and “Health and  
Safety”. The project also specifies social and cultural events  
and focuses on the implementation of supplementary  
education programs in such important areas as IT technology,  
mass media, chess, and projects as well as outside the  
classroom activity.  
“Points of Increase” is aimed at  
widening schoolchildren’s opportunities for getting  
qualitative education so that they have a chance to grow  
highly sought-after professionals through “implementation of  
new approaches, modern educational technologies and  
techniques, as well as the content upgrading and  
improvements of methods in “Technology” (14).  
The Federal State Educational Standard (2010) of  
General Education specifies new requirements to learning  
outcomes and emphasizes the importance of personal, meta-  
subject and subject components. It focuses on personal traits  
i.e. the comprehension of professional activity which is vital  
for sustainable development of society and world. Graduates  
must have the following general competencies:  
2
Methodology  
With dynamic changes in working environment and new  
tendencies in professional trends there are also some shifts  
towards occupational guidance as a critical activity for man’s  
vocational self-determination. If people are to take  
responsibility for managing their learning and vocational self-  
determination, they need information about themselves, the  
society in which they live, and the economy in which they  
function. Career information and guidance policy help  
provide the link between these sources of information and  
learners’ aptitudes and interests.  
−
−
−
Ability for abstract thinking, analysis and synthesis;  
Self-development and self-education skills;  
Conscious choice of individual path and its  
construction basing on professional preferences, cognitive  
interests,;  
−
Respect for socially significant labor and active  
participation in it (12).  
th  
The Concept for long-term socio-economic development  
of the Russian Federation until 2020 acknowledges the need  
for developing career guidance system and emphasizes the  
importance of people’s psychological support for promoting  
their motivation to labor activity in the determined career  
path (2).  
In the early 20 century F. Parson came up with the idea  
that there is only one profession that suits to each man  
according to his own personal traits, talents and abilities. In  
st  
the early 21 century focus is on person’s mobility and the  
need for lifelong learning which is self-motivated pursuit of  
knowledge that not only enhances social inclusion and  
personal development, but also professional competence, as  
well as competitiveness (3). These approaches are reflected in  
Federal law of the Russian Federation “About education  
in the Russian Federation” No. 273-FZ (the last edition from  
17.06.2019) formulates a range of regulations related to  
“
Concepts for Learners’ Guidance in their Vocational Self-  
career guidance:  
Determination in the Lifelong Learning Environment”. Many  
studies recognize the need for implementing career  
development policy in order to facilitate and promote lifelong  
learning and vocational self-determination (Blinov, Sergeev,  
−
Learners’ preparation to social life, independent  
choice of their future career, lifelong learning and  
professional activity (chapter 66);  
1
78  
Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages: 175-181  
−
Guidance and support for learners who have  
There are heated discussion in mass media (TV,  
newspapers, magazines, and social networks), schools,  
universities, institutions of supplementary education and  
among scientists, teachers and psychologists about the  
necessity of the interaction between a person and society and  
the consideration of modern trends in career selection.  
V.V. Afanasyev, S.M. Kunitsyna, S.L. Frolova (2017)  
who researched modern tendencies in career guidance for  
learners and studied advanced models of a subject-oriented  
training believe that career guidance helps them understand  
modern job trends, what kind of new professionals will be in  
demand, aptitudes and interests, the society in which they  
live, and the economy in which they function. They have  
determined 4 main tendencies:  
difficulties in the acquisition of general education programs,  
the choice of their future career path and social adaptation  
chapter 42);  
(
−
Supplementary education programs focused on  
vocational guidance (chapter 75) (11).  
Students’ vocational self-determination depends on a  
range of factors; their individual peculiarities, value  
orientations and life experience.  
determination is based on psychological consistency with  
conscious attitude to the solution of problems in  
complicated professional environment. It can be described as  
mediated (indirect) act of behavior motivating a person to  
achieve the desired goal and is the result of inner preparation  
to postponed or complicated action. It can also be considered  
as the result of a person’s previous spiritual activity that  
encompasses objectives, goals and corresponding means to  
achieve them (10).  
Vocational self-  
a
−
Focus on a range of profession rather than on a  
certain career;  
−
Orientation to specific professional sphere relevant  
to a particular person, i.e. more suitable for him;  
If training is provided correctly, there is a chance to  
develop and even implement some learners’ plans at the stage  
of general education (21).  
−
Orientation to promising professions that will meet  
the labor market demands;  
Prior consideration of learners’ professional  
−
The efficiency of making learners ready to life activity  
interests, abilities, inclinations, and aptitudes to help them  
determine their career path (4).  
depends on  
a
range of social, psychological and  
organizational factors. Upon the review of the literature and  
scientific publications these factors can be divided into three  
groups:  
Subject–oriented or industry-specific training plays a  
vital role in mastering of learners’ vocational self-  
determination. The implementation of subject-oriented  
vocational training allows widening opportunities for  
applying person-centered and outcome-based approaches and  
leads to the improvement of cooperation between schools and  
institutions of vocational education.  
1) Common factors, which content depends on the  
economic and social framework (socio-economic living  
conditions, spiritual culture, mass media and etc.);  
2) Regional factors, conditioned by the specific of  
economic and demographic development of the region, i.e.  
institutions of vocational training, cultural and educational  
level of a family, the social and cultural potential of a region  
and etc.;  
The introduction of the subject-oriented or industry-  
specific training is one of the major aspects of ongoing  
reforms. Subject-oriented or industry-specific training is  
considered as a system of occupational training aimed at  
learners’ personalization, differentiation and socialization.  
The choice of specialization (major) by an educational  
institution is mainly determined by the degree of cooperation  
between society and institutions of vocational education. The  
development of elective educational program is one of the  
directions of this cooperation. Representatives of society,  
authority, business, professional association can and must  
take an active part in the implementation of industry-specific  
training objectives.  
3) School – the specific of organizational and pedagogical  
conditions in educational institutions: personality  
characteristics (inclinations, abilities, interests and psycho-  
physiologic qualities, personal experience and etc. (6).  
It is essential to integrate career guidance policy better  
and to align different elements of the system: “vocational  
education (informing), diagnostics, professional consultation,  
career guidance, vocational selection”. Each element of this  
integrated system must ensure “the solution of certain  
problems connected with vocational self-determination” (15).  
Some psychologists and teachers attribute job  
specification, vocational selection and adaptation to the  
elements of career guidance.  
The authors of “The Concept for pedagogical counseling  
and guidance of learners’ vocational self-government in the  
lifelong learning environment” believe that it is necessary to  
create integrated career guidance environment for learners  
and to develop some special qualities for better labor activity.  
These measures facilitate the shaping of skills necessary for  
professional and personalized self-realization. This new  
environment can attract attention of many specialists  
3
Results and Discussion  
The aim of the career guidance policy articulated by S.N.  
Chistyakova (1983) correlates with modern educational  
objectives: “to support and master those abilities and skills  
that are necessary for future successful career, self-  
knowledge, social cognition, adequate self-assessment and  
all-round development of an individual (9).  
Here are the main directions of career guidance in  
comprehensive secondary schools:  
−
To provide information about the specific of certain  
professions and modern forms of labour organization;  
To study own abilities, inclinations and their  
correspondence with future careers;  
To master personal traits required for successful  
career in the future;  
(
teachers, counselors, psychologists, tutors, form masters,  
−
training officers and etc.) to career guidance (3).  
The cooperation of all specialists involved in career  
guidance should be coordinated and regulated by well-  
defined goals and objectives.  
−
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Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages: 175-181  
−
To support career guidance for 8-9 and 10-11 form  
and to help them in their vocational self-  
treated as an important member of cooperation and  
interaction with teachers and tutors.  
students  
determination and further educational path;  
To arrange and carry out probation periods for  
students of 8-9 forms;  
Material, technical, manpower, social (the  
cooperation with social partners) resources of the Advanced  
Vocational Training Center and educational learning  
materials ensure successful solution of problems concerning  
career guidance policy and make it possible for pupils of  
secondary schools, university students, adults and  
unemployed people to complete a vocational training course  
(in the most in-demand jobs in a region) through a special  
crash/ accelerated program.  
The image of an ideal vocational guidance system and the  
level of its development are different in the rest of the world.  
However, there are 3 required elements in each vocational  
guidance system:  
−
−
To support subject-oriented/industry-specific classes  
and courses and provide them with consultation service;  
−
To organize and run social activities together with  
social partners;  
−
To inform students about the ways for getting  
vocational education and places where this education can be  
completed.  
It is impossible to differentiate these directions since all  
events are aimed at solving a range of problems.  
New technologies aimed at pedagogical counseling of  
learners’ career guidance are acquired in the system of  
secondary vocational education and in the Advanced  
Vocational Training Centers, where some activities on career  
guidance for people studying in educational organization are  
carried out. Career guidance is defined (in instructional  
guidelines on creation and functioning of Advanced  
Vocational Training Centers) as a system of successive  
scientifically substantiated activities aimed at assurance of  
vocational self-determination and individual educational and  
−
−
Career guidance testing;  
In-plant probation period/on-the-job training in real  
sectors of economy;  
−
Information about trends on the labor market;  
In-plant probation period/on-the-job training is one of the  
most efficient forms of career guidance. In-plant probation  
period/on-the-job training can be defined as a modeling of  
professional activity in the real working environment, where  
learners get information and gain work experience in their  
field of study by “trying their future job/profession on” (5).  
The order “About organization and conduction of in-plant  
probation periods/on-the-job training for learners studying in  
different educational organizations in Kemerovo region”  
approved by the Department of Education and Science is  
aimed at improving quality of training and preparing  
individuals for the changing workplace of the 21st century.  
This order is designed to approve “Terms and conditions of  
in-plant probation periods/on-the-job training for learners  
studying in educational organizations in Kemerovo Region”.  
It is a comprehensive document developed to specify the  
legal basis of in-plant probation period/on-the-job training, its  
durability, the requirements to the content of educational  
programs, to the teaching staff and educational learning  
materials. It also determines the number of students and the  
forms of cooperation among all organizations involved in the  
training process (16).  
career path (13).  
th  
.
The number of 6 and 11th form students who will take  
part in activities held by the Advanced Vocational Training  
Center (in Kemerovo Region) will increase from 10% in  
2019 till 15% in 2021. This increase is specified by order No  
485 from 26 November 2018 approved by the Administration  
Board (Annex 2 to the Concept for creation of the Advanced  
Vocational Training Center in Kemerovo Region). Thus, 300  
learners will have completed their training though job-  
training programs (first profession) by 2019, 500 people by  
2020, and 700 people respectively by 2021 (1).  
The number of teachers and training officers who will  
complete their training in the Advanced Vocational Training  
Center through professional proficiency programs, according  
to the approved documentation, increases from 5% in 2019  
to 10% in 2021 (1).  
Competence, person-centered and activity approaches, as  
well as individual learning path are fundamentals for  
choosing and developing the content, forms, and methods of  
learners’ career guidance and their counseling. The  
personalized and competence learning model takes into  
account the key conditions of training and helps learners gain  
more ownership of their learning, increase motivation and  
commitment to learning. It’s a motive force for learners’  
stronger understanding of what they are capable of, what are  
the most in-demand jobs and what drives them to succeed.  
Thus, learners should not only acquire the basis of their  
future profession but also be able to adapt to different types  
of professional activity to satisfy their professional interests  
in the changing environment of career trends, and develop  
and perfect themselves throughout their life. Whereby the  
new role of career and educational guidance is to create  
favorable social, educational and organizational conditions  
Municipal authorities dealing with educational  
management are responsible for the monitoring of the  
coordination of all activities carried out by educational  
organizations involved in career guidance. Institutions of  
supplementary education, universities and employers are also  
active participants of these activities (16).  
4
Conclusions  
Each year thousands of school-leavers after completing  
th  
th  
secondary school (9 and 11 forms) face the challenge what  
career (specialty/ major) to choose to succeed in society and  
be employed in the future. The problem arises because some  
senior pupils are not informed about labor market changes  
and trends. They are also unable to decide what professions  
corresponds to their interests, preferences and personal traits  
because they do not have specific knowledge about  
complexity of the workplace, skills, and experience necessary  
to identify options, explore alternatives, set goals and plan  
their career.  
(
content, activity, motivation, outcomes) for learners’  
vocational self-determination where a learner/a student is  
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2020, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages: 175-181  
Thus, the choice of a career is one of the most important  
and most difficult choices in life. To be successful in  
choosing the right occupation it is necessary to avoid  
accidental and ill-considered choices that can have a negative  
impact on professional and personal maturing. The choice of  
occupation is an important skill involving an objective  
analysis of inclinations and talents necessary to understand  
the professional predispositions and the potential of a person.  
Learners must be aware of trends on the labor market,  
learner's guide.  
Moscow: Philology. Institute of general  
secondary education of the Russian Academy of Education РАО.  
997.  
1
1
1. Federal law. «About education in the Russian Federation»  
Passed by the State Duma on 21 December 2012. Approved by  
the Federation Council on 26 December 2012; URL: http://  
Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.  
12. Federal State Educational Standard. of general education (5-9  
forms) (approved by the order of the Ministry of Education of  
the Russian Federation from 17 December 2010 г. № 1897).  
2
010; URL: http:// Ministry of Education of the Russian  
requirements to  
a certain profession and employers’  
Federation (access date: 04.09.2017).  
expectations and needs. Knowing in what areas of activity  
learners have a maximum chance of success, self-realization,  
and emotional fulfillment, they will be able to choose an  
appropriate institution for their studies, and will not be  
tormented by regrets.  
Thus, it is occupational guidance which must provide an  
accurate evaluation of the character, temperament, talents,  
abilities, professional preferences, strengths and weaknesses  
of a person; offer guidance on the most effective use of one's  
most pronounced inclinations; determine the variety of  
appropriate professions, in which learners can be the most  
successful. Schools, universities and institutions of secondary  
vocational education must take joint steps towards  
coordinated and systemic vocational guidance and developing  
new educational programs,