General analysis of the Application of the Architectural Bionics in the Renovation and Reconstruction of Building Objects

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages: 839-842

J. Environ. Treat. Tech.

ISSN: 2309-1185

Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com

General analysis of the Application of the

Architectural Bionics in the Renovation and

Reconstruction of Building Objects

P.V. Rozhkov *, V. I. Prokopenko , I.A. Purikova , S.V. Tertitsa , Yu.S. Dimitryuk

Department of industrial technologies, Russian Technological University, MIREA branch in Stavropol, 8 Kulakov avn., 355029, Stavropol, Russia

Department of construction and welding production, SAEI HPT Nevinnomyssk State Humanitarian and Technical Institute, 17 Mira blvrd, 357108,

Nevinnomyssk, Russia

Received: 18/02/2020

Accepted: 28/04/2020

Published: 20/02/2020

Abstract

Bionic architecture brings new horizons to human beings that can be used to sustain and reduce environmental damage. Another

advantage of Bionic architecture is that it utilizes natural biological methods to solve design problems in modern life. The aim of this paper

is to discuss the general concepts of architectural bionics and environmental renovation of construction sites, analyses the stages of

formation and development of these areas in the context of modern trends in the sustainable development of the North Caucasian territories.

So, we have… As it observed, architectural and bionics practice gives rise to unusual architectural forms that can be considered original

in their aesthetic qualities, while the functional and strength qualities are not lost. Moreover, trends in the modern construction industry

are reduced to that the design and reconstruction of buildings are advisable within the framework of the environmentally friendly concept

so that energy sources must be renewable, and the object used in construction, itself becomes part of the environment. It can be concluded

that an environmentally-oriented approach to changes in urban infrastructure as a method of updating and modernization is becoming a

priority in the construction industry of the North Caucasus region.

Keywords: Architectural Bionics, Renovation, Reconstruction, Environmentally Friendly Construction, North Caucasus

Introduction¹

item and make the procedure that enduring [5]. Scientists

checked on the field of structural bionics and its verifiable

foundation. They built up how different practical components of

live structures, nature overall, and building shape development

collaborate and connect. Furthermore, the essential elements,

impacting the shape framing components of the design structure,

were distinguished and the he primary terms, related with bionic

shape development, were demonstrated. Finally, the

improvement of the bionic building style was studied [6]. The

laws of formation of living organisms, their structure, design

features and principles of operation in the design of structures

and constructions has been studied considering different areas

of bionics. Particular attention is paid to architectural bionics in

terms of the choice of optimal design. They concluded that the

combination of bionic principles and optimization methods

creates the basis for developments of bionic [7]. Biomimicry or

gaining from nature in engineering is a strategy that means to

build up a manageable plan answer for present day world

difficulties by copying models, frameworks, and components of

nature. A combination approach between both biomimicry and

vernacular design in cutting edge engineering as

Architects and building designers believe that nature-

inspired designs can help reduce environmental damage from

buildings. Jeronimidis believed that “Nature has provided us

with the most versatile, practical, precise, harmless and

environmentally friendly solutions. Just look carefully and

identify them and then, with the technical understanding, apply

them in the industry and give them a scientific perspective” [1].

The issue of preserving and maintaining the ecological

balance is acute around the world due to the growing man-made

impact on the environment. In developing the concept of

sustainable development of human settlements, the policies of

many states are aimed at creating the most favourable conditions

for society. One of the modern architectural directions is bionics.

Creating a comfortable urban environment for life is a set of

spatial tasks to be solved in the field of architecture and urban

planning. Thus, the application of the ecologically oriented

approach in this area is becoming logical. Almost all the

innovations of architectural and urban planning policies with the

prefix “eco” carry a social aspect that is closely intertwined with

the economic one [2-4].

"Vernomimicry" was utilized to apply nature based and nature

From the earliest starting point, people have looked to

motivate nature and the earth around them to assemble and plan

their own places and gadgets. Meanwhile, bionic is a science that

can tackle specialized and auxiliary issues in an organic manner,

at the end of the day, it can rouse living examples. Furthermore,

right now, engineering can impact the nature of the completed

like arrangements in engineering effectively [8].

After World War II and the beginning of the sixties of the

twentieth century, logical trades among regular and specialized

sciences prospered. During a gathering in Ohio, sorted out by

the US Air Force in 1960, a word called "bionic" was first

Corresponding author: P.V. Rozhkov, Department of industrial technologies, Russian Technological University, MIREA branch in

Stavropol, 8 Kulakov avn., 355029, Stavropol, Russia. E-mail: rozhkov09.07@yandex.ru,

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages: 839-842

presented. Bionic initially took a gander at machines that were

planned and based on live frameworks, and now Bionic is about

the craft of applying live frameworks information to taking care

of specialized issues. Building inspiration is one of the

tendencies of bionic architecture that the designers of the field

achieve due to the strength of the structure for breathing, through

straight lines or pure curves and a slow induction of structural

integrity. The most important thing about bionic architecture is

that the building can induce its viability. The point of this paper

is to examine the general ideas of compositional bionics and

natural redesign of building locales, investigations the phases of

arrangement and improvement of these zones with regards to

present day inclines in the practical advancement of the North

Caucasian regions. For this purpose,

Bionic is derived from the Greek word bion, meaning the

unit of life. Others see the term as a combination of biology and

electronics. The idea of using natural patterns in modern

technology seems to work very well because these patterns have

evolved and are unique in every respect. Bionic architecture is a

method for plan wherein the making of compositional spaces

with mechanical methodology and supportability is done from

the method for development and arrangement, vitality supply

and digestion, the method for the appropriation of powers, and

etc. in living organs. This combination of biology and

technology has enabled new innovations in energy production,

ecological support and economic-ecological programs [1, 3].

Architectural-bionic science is a synthesis of relevant

practice and theory. If the architectural-bionic practice is a

process of using the shaping laws from living nature, which has

occurred and is often happening intuitively, unconsciously, then

architectural-bionic science is aware of this process and directs

it according to the laws of modern construction and architectural

practice. Architects emphasize that the use of designs on nature

and natural patterns is a vital and economically viable issue.

With a new approach to design and architecture, these architects

are trying to bring the artificial environment and nature together.

Bionic architecture is not limited to the use of natural elements

in architecture, but rather the rules within the natural

components of the organism's body structure to the molecular

arrangement of viruses to create habitable spaces for humans.

Architects aim to enter the bionic world of innovation in

architecture. By exploring common areas between architecture

and biology, architects seek to identify suitable patterns and

discover novel ideas and transfer biological properties to

architecture. Transferring biological criteria to architecture

requires consideration of common areas of architecture and

biology. Their goal is to use bionics as a tool in architectural

design. It is obvious that common issues in architecture and

biology have not yet been fully explored. Many researchers

around the world are investigating and discovering these

commonalities, which many of them have led to successful

architectural advances. Previous studies indicated that solving

some of the architectural issues is only through innovative

solutions. Nature-inspired patterns can give rise to creativity and

innovation in the mind of an architect. The first step is to apply

biology to architecture or, in other words, to bionics in

architecture when a project requires sensory innovation.

Especially in cases like: (a) architectural design for new

environments; (b) architectural design for the renovation; (c)

problems that cannot be solved by common knowledge; and (d)

better communication between architecture and the

environment.

It is expected that a naturally arranged way to deal with

changes in urban foundation as a strategy for refreshing and

modernization is turning into a need in the development business

of the North Caucasus area.

Methodology

.1 Architectural-bionic

Bionics, also called biometrics or bioengineering, is the

application of systems and biological methods found in the

nature to modern systems engineering and technologies.

Sometimes, bionics is considered as the art of applying live

systems knowledge to solve new technology problems. It is

believed that nature produces products without contamination

that perform far better than human handmade products [9]. Some

of the features of nature to the model include: (a) moving on to

more optimization and effectiveness; (b) less energy use and

higher efficiency; (c) less agglomeration and outflow of

materials; (d) evolutionary growth and adaptability; and (f) self-

organizing. Also, there is consensus that bionics could be

structured in terms of applied analogical research into three main

areas:



Construction bionics: structures of nature;

Processing bionics: methods and processes of nature;

Information bionics: means of data transfer,

developmental, and evolutionary strategies

In a more detailed fashion, this classification may be

further refined according to certain fields of applications (Fig.



.2 Renovation

The society and civilization development level require new

conditions for the formation of the urban environment; the old

methods of forming cities are beginning to become obsolete. In

modern construction, various approaches to the transformation

of cities are used - reconstruction, renovation, modernization, re-

functioning, and revaluation. Renovation, as the most humane

approach to the transformation of the urban environment in its

essence, allows implementing environmentally friendly

principles to a greater extent among all methods.

Application of architectural bionics to urban renovation

territories is exclusively focused on increasing their social value,

creating environmentally safe and comfortable conditions for

residents to stay at all levels of life in a city. Thus, environmental

renovation is such an approach to transforming the urban

environment that unites people and wildlife, creating

environmentally friendly living conditions for the urban

Figure 1: Bionics – its main areas and fields of applications

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages: xxx-xxx

population, and minimizing negative environmental impacts.

The goal of ecological renovation and architectural bionics is to

change the technical characteristics of objects in such a way as

to increase their level of environmental friendliness, and to

maintain the ecological balance within urban entities with the

help of modernization. The objects are residential, public and

industrial buildings and structures, and various infrastructure

objects. This direction should meet the ecologically oriented

sustainable development urban policy in the North Caucasus,

which provides for a combination of economic development,

sociocultural progress, nature conservation, and environmental

optimization [3-5].

At this stage, architectural practice is interested in energy-

efficient and self-regulating systems. We can even assume that

in the future the transition of the forms of matter will be

relevant. It can be noted that over the past decades, the use of

the wildlife morphogenesis laws has taken on a new quality,

received the name of the architectural-bionic process, and has

become one of the relevant and promising directions of the

architecture development.

seems to be an unresolved issue or a tragedy in the minds of

statesmen and academics.

Discussion

As already mentioned, the concept of "Renovation and

modernization" implies a paradigm shift. This concept has

become a necessity for different countries, including the North

Caucasus, following the Western Renaissance and under the

influence of the Industrial Revolution and the growing trend of

modernization in the West and the development of

communications. Russia is one of the societies in which the issue

of modernization is of particular importance. Among the many

methods of transforming the urban environment in the North

Caucasus region, renovation and reconstruction using the

principles of ecological construction have recently become

widespread. Renovation is the process of replacing the capital

goods withdrawn as a result of moral and physical depreciation

by new capital goods. It is important to note that this substitution

process should be carried out without destroying the integrity of

the structure. This is a key specificity of renovation.

Upon the complex transformation of the historical urban

environment, it is necessary to consider this measure as an

innovative process with the mandatory inclusion of new

elements, patterns, methods, techniques, technologies and also

the materials in conversion. Such an approach, inter alia, will

make it possible to be included in the context of modern trends

in the spatial organization of the environment in the North

Caucasus region of the Russian Federation. Building renovation

is carried out in different ways in a number of main areas - the

renovation of the facilities themselves and the renovation of

territories. This approach allows us to implement modern

environmental principles in architecture and urban planning.

Renovation is applied both in European countries and in various

regions of the Russian Federation.

.3 North Caucasus

The North Caucasus is the northern part of the Caucasus. As

can be seen in Fig. 2, the Caucasus is an area between the

Caspian Sea and the Black Sea. The North Caucasus is one of

the four federal districts of Russia which communist era played

a special role in the evolution of its architecture. At the

beginning of this period, the traditional architectural trend was

broken and new styles were introduced which were quickly

forgotten after the collapse and new styles emerged.

Reconstruction is

a fundamental reorganization and

alteration for the purpose of improvement of organizational and

technical measures aimed at eliminating the moral and physical

deterioration of buildings as a whole or their individual elements

and systems. Reconstruction of an object, as a rule, is part of the

general reconstruction of the urban area, housing estate, or a

quarter of the historical core of a city caused by the improvement

of the complex of its social and cultural institutions. Depending

on a particular urban development situation, the availability of

park zones, forests, water bodies, the proximity of public spaces

and recreation areas to natural components, the remoteness of

pollution sources, it is possible to identify areas or methods of

ecological renovation used in the North Caucasus region:

. Inclusion of water basins in landscaping;

. The spatial separation of traffic and pedestrian flows,

Figure 2: The location map of North Caucasus [10]

creation of pedestrian greened streets in a residential quarter;

. Multi-level landscaping;

. Noise pollution protection;

. Flexible planning solutions for residential buildings with

The simplicity and popularity of the architecture of North

Caucasus are evident at the beginning of communism and the

grandeur and sophisticated decoration of the late period. The

creation of vast urban spaces and wide and long streets

symbolizes the power of communism. The ideal of communism

for the masses in high-quality housing has been realized,

regardless of indigenous identity and quality of life; creating

compact, tall apartments and designing minimal-scale

residential spaces that will serve as a hostel.

After about five centuries of confrontation with Russia and

the Renaissance phenomenon and its implications and realities,

and three centuries of modernization efforts, Russia is still

struggling with the problem of modernization. This concept

modern energy-efficient solutions.

. Internal modernization of engineering communications

and design features;

. External upgrade.

An analysis of the construction industry in the North

Caucasus region made it possible to single out a number of tasks

necessary for the development of green construction and bionic

architecture:



creating a favourable human environment;

solving problems of regional importance related to the

implementation of energy conservation policies;

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages: 839-842

Kagoopour M, Ghazavi AS, Fardoee SE. A bionic architecture

approach in building design: a conceptual design of a commercial

and recreational complex in Tehran. Environment and Ecology.



stimulating the development of highly environmentally

friendly production of materials and equipment in the

region;

professional development of specialists involved in the

construction process;

019;37(2):561-6.



10. https://theculturetrip.com/europe/georgia/articles/16-incredible-

facts-about-the-languages-of-the-caucasus/.

Development of the scientific base for "green"

construction.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that an environmentally-oriented

approach to changes in urban infrastructure is becoming a

priority in the construction industry of the North Caucasus

region. Subsequent improvement, popularization, and

application of this approach in theory and practice are associated

with the development and use of progressive domestic and

foreign experience. Ecological renovation, the use of

architectural bionics in the reconstruction and modernization of

industrial and civil buildings and structures provides for the

creation of an environment conducive to life, providing healthy

and safe conditions harmoniously combining the social and

engineering infrastructure produced by humans that supports the

natural balance.

Ethical issue

Authors are aware of, and comply with, best practice in

publication ethics specifically with regard to authorship

(avoidance of guest authorship), dual submission, manipulation

of figures, competing interests and compliance with policies on

research ethics. Authors adhere to publication requirements that

submitted work is original and has not been published elsewhere

in any language.

Competing interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that

would prejudice the impartiality of this scientific work.

Authors’ contribution

All authors of this study have a complete contribution for

data collection, data analyses and manuscript writing.

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