The Meaning of Social Projects in Sphere of Health Formation for Adult Population

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages: 804-808

J. Environ. Treat. Tech.

ISSN: 2309-1185

Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com

The Meaning of Social Projects in Sphere of Health

Formation for Adult Population

Elena V. Bystritskaya , Gerold L. Drandrov , Vladimir A. Burtsev Oleg A. Musin , Elena L.

Grigoryev , Maria V. Lebedkina , Vladimir A. Kuznetsov

Department of Physical Education Theoretical Foundations, Kozma Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University, Nizhny Novgorod,

Russian Federation

Department of Sports Disciplines, Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I. Yakovlev, Cheboksary, Russian Federation

Department of Theory and Methods of Physical Culture and Sports, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan,

Russian Federation

Department of Physical Cultural, Kozma Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation

Received: 18/12/2019

Accepted: 19/03/2020

Published: 20/02/2020

Abstract

This article considers actual problem of exposing target audience and determining focus group for social projects of health

preservation among the country’s adult population which is worsened due to changing of the age of retirement. Periodization of

population based on health components’ condition in different periods of life should be useful. Also it is topical to search modern

meaningful contents and technologies, which were implemented within projects directed on improvement not only separate health

components (physical, psychic and social), but also on their integrated status. The relevance of this problem is reflected in barriers of

health implementation technologies’ implementation analyzed by authors. These barriers are related to subjects of this process and with

sociocultural environment where this activity is being realized. The purpose of this article is to describe classification by age of adult

population based on health components and to offer a project directed on health preservation and correction of all health components for

one of these categories, using authors’ classification. Another goal is to present efficient social project to improve ternary health of

selected part of population (pre-retirement and retirement) based on health forming technologies. The basis of authors’ research is

methodological nature-conformity concept of social and educational activity. This concept is consist of taking into the account for actual

state of all health components of target audience representatives in course of social design, and also in orienting it into the field of next

stage of development. However, if we are talking about pre-retirement and retirement population, it can be interpreted as concept of

ecological defense of human’s body and personality from negative effects of environment. Authors show the solution of mentioned

problem of target audience choice, based on periodization of age by state of ternary health and prove the meaning of this solution from

the perspective of mature and senior age persons involvement in socially and personally significant project activity. To that end,

periodization of age has been offered, which reflects need of ternary health preservation. According to authors’ periodization the

technology of ternary health forming for pre-retirement and retirement age has been developed. The results, that prove effectiveness of

health preserving social project, developed by authors, are presented and discussed.

Keywords: Mature and senior age persons, Periodization of age, Ternary health, Sociocultural environment, Project activity, Health

preserving technology

Introduction¹

The adult population of our country is presented by several

35 to 50 years are targeted more on family and professional

responsibilities, often to the detriment to their health. People in

pre-retirement and retirement age are forced to correct their

health for preserving their social and personal status, but have

little knowledge about ternary health condition [7]. As we can

see from classification, noted before, and from multiple

fundamental researches, and surveys, the choice of target

audience for health-conforming social projects cannot be

limited by broad range of all persons of young, mature and

senior age, because their needs for health preservation and

health correction in all components are very different, as it

presented in many classifications of age [8, 9]. Main goal of the

article is to describe based on health components age

classification and to present a project for one of selected

groups. The purpose of the project is preserve and correct all

active generations. Each of them is not monomeric in most of

their characteristics, such as social personal experience, needs

and motives in socially significant activity, ethnical and

sociocultural features and by condition of physical, psychical

and social health [1, 2, 3]. Thus social projects determined to

solve any problem, important for population, should consider

all these characteristics and several others, in order to have

maximum public and personal significance. From this point of

view projects directed on individual components of health show

themselves in more preferable position. Among these projects

are prophylactic medical examination, psychological

rehabilitation and formulation of the principles of healthy

lifestyle among young people [4, 5, 6]. The reason of it is that

this part of adult population is very socially active. Mature and

senior population is not such active. For example, people from

Corresponding author: Elena V. Bystritskaya, Department of Physical Education Theoretical Foundations, Kozma Minin Nizhny

Novgorod State Pedagogical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation. E-mail: oldlady@mail.ru.

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages: 804-808

health components using recommendations given in authors’

classification.

Methodological Framework

In this work were used: analysis of current age

periodization for mature people types, basis needed for

classification of these types were detected, detection of needs

for different categories of mature age people in healthy

lifestyle, health correction, sociopsychological and social

rehabilitation; age periodization based on detected needs,

connected to health [13,14, 15]; surveys that confirm presence

of problems among social project’s target audience;

mathematical processing and graphic interpretation research

data; social engineering supported with IT.

Literature Review

There are some well-known types of age periodization

which are based on intellectual activity (J. Piaget [10]), leading

activity, social personal status or involvement in educational

and labour activity. Thus we can emphasize three groups of

factors affecting on development of personality, which are

traditionally form a basis of periodization.

First group – regulatory factors, which show standard for

physical and psychological development. These factors play

leading role in periodization of children, teenagers and

youngsters, but are blurry in crisis periods of life.

Results and Discussion

As a part of ascertaining research a survey of pre-retirement

Second group – historical Factors. They show influence of

current period’s sociocultural terms on forming of physical

state, psychological health, socially significant activity and

status. Such factors are the most important for youngsters,

when social functions of man, like professional and family

ones, become leading factors of development.

Third group – unclassified factors, which are hard to

regulate and analyzed from nature and social regularity and

presented by individual conditions of life. These factor play

significant role in objective state and subjective self-perception

of health and wealth, the older the more. Most of the scientists

give either extended characteristics of age groups, or extended

periods for each stage of development compared to age groups

for children.

people (50 years and older) in wide range has been made. 170

citizens of Nizhny Novgorod took part in the survey. They were

chosen randomly. Respondents answered the questions

willingly and sincerely shared their thoughts and experience on

health. Answering the question about their opinion of what can

be recognized as health components more than 70% pointed

only physical health (absence of diseases, normal state of

health, high activity and mobility, well-shaped physical

conditions, good nutrition and full sleep). 18% added

psychological health, efficiency, joy of movement and other

components of psychic health. Less than 12 % pointed on one-

two components of social health as meaningful for their lives:

full communication and high social status, expanding field of

interests, learning something new. Thus we can be ascertain

that need in forming physical health prevails among mature

people on need in forming harmonic ternary health [16, 17].

Answering the question: “What in your opinion is the best

way to overcome stress and stressful situations?” 65%

respondents said that they think the best thing to do is to

insulate themselves from outer world and to analyze their deeds

alone. 20% marked the necessity of family, friends and

colleagues’ support distracting from routine. 15% showed

necessity of physical exercises, going to the gym, joint activity

in inner circle. According to acquired data the effectiveness of

socially approved sport and physical culture communicative

activity rarely performed by mature people.

Talking about social and psychological health state C.

Buhler and N.A. Loginova [11] marked basic tendencies for

age dynamics of human, which can be positive and negative for

organism and personality development. Age group from 25 to

5-50 years – phase of maturity, characterized by tendency to

self-organization and controlling processes of own life.

Moreover in this period of life tendency to generativity occurs,

the willing to realize the opportunity to inflict on next

generations, to give them valuable experience. Age group from

5-50 to 65-70 years, «an aging man». Leading tendency is not

expanding the activity, as it was in previous period, but

curtailment of activity processes, finishing labour and

professional career, period of active education of growing-ups

and significant decreasing of new goals. Age period after 70

years in this classification is called «an old man», some sources

call it «the period of survival». Leading tendency in this period

is decreasing of social connections both natural way and

artificially in initiative order.

Another, more optimistic approach, is given by American

scientist С. Havinghurst [12], who put tasks of development as

a basis for age division of elder people. Success in performing

of these tasks in different periods of life brings happiness and

success for future tasks. For mature age author marks following

development tasks, which can be performed differently,

depending on age periods:

Answering the question about reasons of conflicts with

other people, respondents judge differently, depending on their

locus of control. No more than 38% of male respondents and

0% of female respondents take responsibility for conflicts,

saying that the reasons of conflicts are their irritability as result

of dissatisfaction with their social status and family and social

functions. People from this age group are tend to lay blame for

these conflicts on younger generation: children, grandchildren,

younger colleagues. Such was an answer of more than 61% of

men and 58 % of women [9]. Many of them point out, that

social status, high level of income and social demand are

undeserved by their opponents. Thus it is obvious to reestablish

social status of senior people or to give them new status and

demand by social and personally meaningful activities.

Essential condition of these activities is success.

Also needs of senior people in social approval, interaction,

psychological comfort and several other needs were viewed.

Their realization is possible with reasonable self-regulation.

Complex project “Towards nature pass the potage” can be

useful in it.



Building relationship with coevals

Selection and studying main activity

Making comfort conditions for family

Improving the value system and ethical behavior system

Accepting and improving own body

Forming emotional comfort and emotional autonomy

Age periodization, presented by authors, includes idea of

Social project presented by authors was realized among age

group of pre-retirement and retirement. That is why the results

in uncovering needs in sphere of ternary health are shown in

details for these groups. Research of needs for other categories’

results became basis and are shown in classification listed

below. Based on revealed needs and health dynamics features

health in bio-body, psycho-emotional and socio-personal plans

as the main idea. Our research presents universal model for

target audience selection for acting in projects in the field of

health preservation, based on classification listed below.

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages: 804-808

in different age groups of matures the age periodization was

developed. For psychologists age is associated not with number

of ages lived, but with development stage and features of

psychological. Presented age gradation based on human goals

and values, which are born on different development stages and

meeting age needs.

Table 1: Age periodization of mature population based on their needs in forming and correction of three components of health:

physical, psychological and social health.

Age group

characteristic

Needs in the field of

physical health

Needs in the field of

psychological health

Needs in the field of

social health

Age period

Clear idea about later

life, concern for future

wealth, approval and

support from different

social groups in

different spheres of

activity: creative,

professional, family

Stress tolerance

development,

The most complete

flourishing of social

status and personal

growth in different

aspects of life with high workability, improving

level of physical and

psychological health

Development of

organism’s functional

abilities, increasing

establishing and

reestablishing of new

social connections,

development of

dormant skills and

abilities

Initial maturity 30-39

years

of immune system.

Stabilization or

changing of

professional fields,

determination of

perspectives in further

career goals.

Stabilization of career,

confirmation of status,

stabilization of family

relationships and the

way of life.

Preserving of current

physical activity level,

using of health

preserving technologies by psychological

in focus mode

Preserving

psychological health

and it’s improvement

0-49 years

trainings and practices

Transition of

Reflexion of life

accumulated life

experience to younger

generation, demand

among inner circle of

people, strong ties with

family and friends.

Gathering new social

connections thanks to

new creative

experience. Completion

of labor activity among

most of the people

Difficulties in reception

of changing labor and

social status, pursuit of

increasing of activity

and development

Supporting of

Transition from

efficiency level,

physical activity level,

health control

0-69 years

professional activity to

mentorship. Changing

family role from active

member of the family

to senior member.

ability sphere.

aspirations.

Pursuing

communication with

younger generation,

reestablishing social

status and gaining new

one in case of non-

conflict

Correction of physical

health, following the

years and translation of way of physical

Satisfaction from past

professional activity

and negative feeling

from its ending.

Comprehension of past

0 years and older

human values.

activity, that was

followed before.

communication.

Judging need from presented periodization, several

as inappropriate for their age and they would be criticized by

different social groups.

projects, targeted on changing physical, emotional and social

health, have been created for people from two age groups: pre-

retirement and retirement. The main target of this exact project

is negative moments of aging compensation. These moments

are expressed in some fears:



Fear of poverty. It lies in lack of understanding the fact

that in the modern world social status has no direct relationship

with material status. For example, healthy lifestyle is low cost

in many positions, and in terms of modern education politics it

can also save enough money. This fear can be easily overcome

with help of social projects in the field of health preserving with

IT elements.



Fear of ailment. It has two parts: personal and social. In

personal part a man is afraid that his chronical diseases will

worsen and that prevent him from performing his social

functions in full straight with positive result. In social part this

fear realize itself as fear for public condemnation of certain

actions or inactions towards his health



Fear of old age. It is not directly connected to a specific

age group, it can manifest among people in younger categories.

They can, for example, afraid of genetic diseases or age-related

diseases in earlier period. Also this fear manifests in anxiety of

esthetical withering of the body, which can be overcome

through esthetic surgery, beauty treatment and esthetical forms

of physical training. This fear appears as disorder between

attitude and world view among mature and young generation,

when the power of authority, established before, becomes

ineffective.



Fear of death. It is implemented trough three parts. The

first one is a fear of incomplete performance of social functions

and absence of successor of these functions. Secondly, fear of

death is viewed as fear of obscurity and unpreparedness to this

transition. A man is tortured by doubts if he did everything for

this transition to be as positive as possible. Thirdly, this fear is

realized as possible burden of others with own ailment.



Fear of criticism. Despite the noble and well respected

age, these people are afraid that their actions can be recognized

Presented project allows to fulfill the needs, shown in, chart

№ 1, and overcome fears listed above, among pre-retirement

and retirement age groups. All these fears in total means that

the person loses his leading functions in labor, family, art

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages: 804-808

studios and sport sections, where he established his position

before, and becomes secondary. A large number of projects,

related to people form these age categories, are oriented on

development of executive functions: Norway walking courses

psychical and social health of matures. Section «Useful

information» presents verified and qualitative data on healthy

nutrition, healthy lifestyle rules, sport disciplines beneficial to

health, advice on choice of personal coach and other useful

information. Section «Training program» includes well-tested

set of exercises, matched to age features, diseases and injuries

in order to support health of all body, to increase muscle tone

and for total emotional state. Section «Live with taste» is about

proper nutrition, selection of courses for the different diseases,

physical activity, changing undesirable food on healthy and

tasty nutrition [28, 29]. Thus, thanks to this informational

support, on one hand the interest of users, which is already

existed, is satisfied, on the other hand new needs are formed:

needs in new ways of activity, desirable sports, biomechanical

basis of movement, using routine movement in daily life,

communication with people, who also have interest in such

topics and so on.

(role of trainee), art studios (role of pupil), continuing

education courses of healthy lifestyle (role of executor or tutor).

Thus there are virtually no projects, where the role of leader or

manager of their own life, inner circle life or their reference

group, is assigned to people of pre-retirement and retirement

age. At this point the project called as «Health as reasonable

egoism», presented by authors, is significant [18, 19].

This project includes several ideas. First one is acquiring

new sense and purpose of life by people of pre-retirement and

retirement age independently from co-workers or family. This

idea is being realized in project section «scribing». Its goals are:

. Detailed understanding the basic functions and features of

won organism; 2. Easy remembering and using basic principles

of healthy lifestyle; 3. Easy mastering basic physical exercises.

The goal of this section is inspiring of interest to healthy

lifestyle in total through trainings using scribing techniques for

the most effective learning by participants. Each training is

accompanied by scribe (picture contains all information,

viewed during classes). In the end of training digital copy of

this scribe. The participant has scribes on all topics of course

by the end of the course. This will help to recall each topic fast

if it is necessary [20, 21, 22].

Second idea is to uncover creative abilities or talents among

selected age groups, which were previously undetected. This

stage must be preceded by monitoring for talents, abilities and

addictions among target audience. Next they are offered a

marathon of master-classes. Attending these are obligatory for

members of focus groups. It should be encourage by premium

scores. Sum of the scores is individual rating. According to this

rating participants are getting prizes from sponsors [23, 24].

Master-classes can be: mini art school, art object studio,

flamenco studio, salsa studio, aqua aerobics, sports and outdoor

games, effective communication trainings etc. Aside from

sponsored presents, participants get experience for realizations

of their abilities and information about where and how they can

realize them in regular mode.

Conclusion

Based on presented research the following conclusions are

made:

Classification of mature population on the merits of needs

in preservation and perfection of ternary health (physical,

psychical and social) is made

Presented classification has become a basis for totally new

design of health-preserving technologies and health-

forming projects for target audience development

approach. This is made according to needs in health

recovery and preservation.

Social project «health as reasonable egoism» is presented.

It notes the needs of specified target audience in

reestablishing their leading social roles and functions

through perfection of Physical, psychical and social health.

This project is recognized as successful and effective.

Next researches’ perspectives in this area are to make

significant the way in selection of activity methods based on

needs of mature population in perfection of health components

in different directions.

Recommendations

Third idea has conditional name «To the nature pass the

vegetable garden». It shows the possibility for self-realization

and getting joy of life and movement, and also potential of

communication with nature without kitchen-garden activity,

which is constant and tiresome duty for most participants of the

program. For this there is a tourist rally presented for

participants. They can take part in it either with their families

or by their own. Fitness-festivals, master-classes, sport and

outdoor games, artistic contests are included. One of the key

moments is the rope contest. Its goal is to rally the members of

the family and to develop closer relationships. All contests are

based on teamwork, participants have to analyze the situation

and take a unanimous decision. Thus as the project outcome

participants form teamwork experience [25, 26]. Level of

responsibility in achieving common goal is increasing too

because of necessity to take risky decisions. It raises the level

of self-esteem, forms team spirit and creating unity. At the same

time senior members restore their management function, the

power of sage in family and self-development activity [27].

Forth idea is in project support with help of information

portal «3 youth». The authors saw this name deciphers as

This article is useful for pre-retirement and retirement age

people. Technologies and projects, mentioned in article, help

them to become included in health-preserving environment

safely. After reviewing the age needs, subjects are able to

analyze their state of ternary health and, with the help of

educational information portal «3 Yough», to use health

preserving technologies in their routine life. This article can be

useful for educational and social organizations operating in

ternary health recovery and preservation for persons in different

age periods. Aslo it can be useful for target audience in order to

take part in «Health: Reloaded» social project.

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