Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages: 843-852  
J. Environ. Treat. Tech.  
ISSN: 2309-1185  
Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com  
Dataset on the Assessments the Rate of Changing  
of Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature of Surface  
Water, Case Study: California, USA  
1
*2  
1
Esmaiel Salami , Marjan Salari , Solmaz Nikbakht Sheibani , Maryam  
3
4
HosseiniKheirabad and Ehsan Teymouri  
1
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran  
2
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Kerman, Iran  
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Payame noor University, Shiraz, Iran  
4
MSc, Graguated student, Department of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran  
Received: 30/09/2019  
Accepted: 31/01/2020  
Published: 20/08/2020  
Abstract  
Temperature affects aquatic organisms in many ways. Body temperature most aquatic organisms are the same as the  
surrounding water and fluctuate. Most aquatic organisms are limited to living in a temperature range, and when they are very low  
or high, they die. Temperature affects metabolism, reproduction and emergence. Temperature also affects the amount of  
photosynthesis of aquatic plants, the base of the aquatic food web. Pollutants can be toxic at higher temperatures. Most aquatic  
organisms need oxygen to survive. Oxygen is not part of the molecule of water, it is oxygen gas. Oxygen enters the water through  
the rain. Turbulence and wind through photosynthesis of aquatic plants. The body absorbs oxygen through structures such as  
cartilage or skin. Water-soluble ecosystems are stable drives. In the present study, temperature changes trending and dissolved  
oxygen concentration have been investigated. After that, the speed of temperature changes in degree and dissolved oxygen  
concentration in mg/L were calculated in each year. To achieve these terms, as can be seen in equation 1, the average of temperature  
and dissolved oxygen in one year compared with the same items in other years. An 11-year period of time (2007-2017) was  
considered. The result showed that the average value of DO changing rate in the area of study is equal to -0.138 mg/L. y and for T  
the average rate of change is equal to +0.02 ºC/y.  
Keywords: Ecosystem, Dissolved oxygen, Temperature, Surface water, Photosynthesis  
Introduction1  
photosynthesis which any alter in the balance of these  
1
parameters will affect the mean dissolved oxygen [3]. The  
increasing the surface heating leads to lessen dissolve  
oxygen into surface water and decline the reaching oxygen  
to the deep waters in deep oceans [4, 5 and 6].  
Over the last decades, the trend of earth warming has  
been increased dramatically which has undesirable effects on  
different aspects of both human life and other living species  
in the world. One of the most significant factors that can be  
a threat by this issue is disturbing the mean dissolved oxygen  
concentration at a location in which a total of three-fourths  
of the earth’s oxygen supply is produced by phytoplankton  
in the oceans, and also the temperature impacts might appear  
as well. There would be not sufficient oxygen in the water  
on provided that water gets too warm [1], and the transport  
of dissolved oxygen from the surface ocean into the interior  
is a critical process sustaining aerobic life in the mesopelagic  
ecosystem [2].  
Kaushal et al. (2010), observed the historical records for  
2
0 of the 40 streams and rivers analyzed throughout US and  
reported that important effects such as eutrophication,  
ecosystem process, contaminant toxicity, and loss of aquatic  
biodiversity, could have been presented as long as stream  
temperature continue to increase at current rate (0.077°C per  
a year) [7].  
Catherine et al. (2015), performed a study around the  
globe that about lake summer surface water temperature rose  
rapidly (global mean=0.34°C decade-1) between 1985 and  
According to a report by Wyrthi (1962), Three major  
processes have governed the oxygen in the world’s oceans:  
atmospheric exchange, ocean circulation and balance of  
2
009. Results showed that surface water warming dependent  
on combinations of climate and local characteristics, rather  
than just lake location. The most rapidly warming lakes are  
Corresponding author: Marjan Salari, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology,  
Kerman, Iran, E-mails: salari.marjan@gmail.com.  
8
43  
Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages: 843-852  
widely geographically distributed, and their warming is  
associated with interactions among different climates factors  
from seasonally ice-covered to ice-free lakes [8]. A Recent  
study by Jordan et al. (2018) perform a response in riverine  
communities to climate variables, and the results  
demonstrated that the composition of functional feeding  
groups is affected by changing climate conditions, which  
case functional change at the ecosystem level [9]. Bogard et  
al. (2008), investigated the spatial and temporal variability  
of dissolved oxygen in the southern California Current  
°퐶  
1
°퐶  
∆
푇푠 (  
) =  
× ꢒ ∆푇푠,푗,푖 ( )  
푦ꢇꢈꢉ  
ꢊ3ꢋ  
푦ꢇꢈꢉ  
ꢑꢑ  
푖,푗  
푚ꢀ  
푚ꢀ  
ꢔ
푦ꢇꢈꢉ  
1
ꢔ
푦ꢇꢈꢉ  
∆
퐷푂 ꢓ  
ꢕ =  
× ꢒ ∆퐷푂 ꢓ  
ꢕ
ꢊ4ꢋ  
ꢊꢑꢋ  
푠
11  
푠
°퐶  
푇 (  
푦ꢇꢈꢉ  
1
°퐶  
)
푦ꢇꢈꢉ  
∆
) =  
× ꢒ ∆푇 (  
푠
11  
푠
System in a 22-year (1984-2006), and a large dissolved  
휇푚표푙  
oxygen up to 2.1 푘ꢀ.푦 were observed [10].  
Also,  
where Δ푇푠,푗,푖, Δ퐷푂푠,푗,푖 are the rate of temperature and DO  
changes (respectively) in station number “s” in year “j”  
towards year “i". for each station number of 55 values  
existed for Δ푇푠,푗,푖 and 55 values for Δ퐷푂푠,푗,푖 these values are  
shown in Table 4 and 5.  
significantly oxygen decline over a 50-year (1960-71 and  
998-2011) from Newport hydrographic line off central  
1
Oregon, one of the few locations in the northeast Pacific, was  
reported by Pierce et al. (2012) and suggested that subarctic  
influence along 휎 26.6 [11]. Grantham et al. (2004), found  
휃
that in 2002, cross-self transects revealed the development  
of the abnormally strong flow of subarctic water into the  
California Current system [12].  
3 Result and discussion  
In the present study, temperature changes trending and  
dissolved oxygen concentration have been investigated.  
After that, the speed of temperature changes in degree and  
dissolved oxygen concentration in mg/L were calculated in  
each year. To achieve these terms, as can be seen in equation  
1, the average of temperature and dissolved oxygen in one  
year compared with the same items in other years. An 11-  
year period of time (2007-2017) was considered.  
Consequently, the number of differences between year i and  
j are equal to:  
Meinvielle and Johnson (2013), investigated decreasing  
dissolved oxygen concentration, increasing warmth and  
salinity, and decreasing potential vorticity, using historical  
data from the World Ocean Database from 1950 to 2012 in  
the California Current System [13]. Kwon et al. (2016),  
studied central mode waters in the North Pacific, defined as  
neutral densities of 25.6-26.6, and suggest that the area  
through which the oxygen-rich mixed layer is detrained into  
the thermocline varies on a decade basis, with a connection  
to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) [2]. Ren et al.  
(
2016), presented the hydrographic cruise observation of  
declining dissolved oxygen collected along CalCOFI line  
6.7 off of Monterey Bay, in the central California Current  
11  
2
11!  
(
) =  
= ꢑꢑ  
ꢊ6ꢋ  
2! × 9!  
6
∆
ꢖ
region. Results reported a significant decline in dissolved  
oxygen occurring in the northern, central, and southern  
California Current region, and between 1998 and 2013,  
Therefore, in both cases, the temperature’s speed ꢊ  
ꢋ,  
ꢆ푒푎푟  
ꢗꢘ  
∆
and the speed of Dissolved oxygen concentration ꢊ  
ꢋ, are  
ꢆ푒푎푟  
ꢁꢂꢃꢄ  
°
ꢙ
dissolved oxygen decreased at the mean rate of 1.92  
which means a 40% drop from initial concentration [14].  
ꢅ푔.ꢆ푒푎푟  
increasing by the rate of ꢊ  
ꢋ. Advantages of this method,  
ꢆ푒푎푟  
which is using for the first time to calculating the mentioned  
parameters, is the temperature and dissolved oxygen of the  
whole period is comparing with all previous years not only  
with the year before, and consequences would be expressed  
on average. With regard to the average temperature in all  
stations (17.4°C) and table 3, there is a 0.2 mg/L difference  
between DO at 17.4 and 18 degrees. It takes 30 years to  
temperature from 17.4 to 18 provided that the increasing rate  
of temperature continues as the same range is now (0.02  
degree per year). Also, dissolved oxygen should decrease  
0.12 mg/L, but the results are shown that DO decreases  
speed is 0.138 mg/L per a year which means over the next  
30 years the lessen dissolved oxygen is going to be 4 mg/L  
or so that is 30 times lower than what is expected due to the  
temperature rising. Hence, in addition to increasing  
temperature on a yearly basis, the rivers in this area of the  
America is getting polluted to BOD and COD. The increase  
in the sum of BOD and COD is indicating in equation 7 to  
2
Data  
This study investigated the changes in DO level and T  
value. Data obtained from 10 different water quality  
monitoring stations (Table 1) in California, USA. These data  
consist of 4018 sets of data that belong to 11 years: 1/1/2007  
to 31/12/2017 (for each station) that include the daily mean  
values of DO concentration (mg/L) and T (ºC). for each  
station some of the data missed (around 3% of DO data and  
2
% of T data, see Table 1) these data reproduced by  
placement them with an average of existed data that day but  
in other years. After reproducing the missing data annual  
average of data calculated for each year and each station, and  
rate of DO and T change calculated by the following  
procedure (equation 1 to 5):  
°
퐶
푇푠,푗ꢊ°퐶ꢋ − 푇푠,푖ꢊ°퐶ꢋ  
ꢌ − ꢍ  
∆
푇푠,푗,푖 (  
) =  
, 2007 ≤ ꢍ, ꢌ ≤ 2017, ꢌ > ꢍ  
ꢊ1ꢋ  
푦ꢇꢈꢉ  
1
3 ꢍ푛 30 푦ꢇꢈꢉꢚ.  
ꢎꢏ  
ꢎꢏ  
퐿
ꢐ
퐿
∆
퐷푂 (  
) = × ∑푖,푗 ∆퐷푂푠,푗,푖  
ꢊ
ꢋ
(2)  
푠
ꢆ푒푎푟  
55  
ꢆ푒푎푟  
8
44  
Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages: 843-852  
Table 1: Stations profile and number of missing data  
Station  
S1  
Code  
Address  
Latitude  
Longitude  
-121.457  
-121.544  
-121.331  
-121.467  
-121.383  
-121.488  
-121.386  
-121.45  
Elv  
0
NMDO  
31  
NMT  
27  
B9537800  
B9536500  
B9540000  
B9550600  
B9553100  
B9550000  
B9554100  
B9530000  
B9529500  
B9532500  
Old River at Tracy Wildlife Association  
Old River Barrier near DMC (Below) - WQ  
Old River @ Head - WQ  
37.80283  
37.81097  
37.80759  
37.88142  
37.87618  
37.89077  
37.83394  
37.82011  
37.82012  
37.81472  
S2  
0
64  
56  
S3  
0
253  
150  
96  
235  
93  
S4  
Middle River near Tracy Blvd Bridge  
Middle River near Howard Road Bridge  
Middle River at Union Point - WQ  
6
S5  
0
52  
S6  
0
57  
29  
S7  
Middle River @ Undine Road - WQ  
Grant Line Canal at Tracy Blvd Bridge - WQ  
Grant Line Canal near Clifton Court Forebay - WQ  
Doughty Cut above Grant Line Canal - WQ  
0
114  
107  
60  
61  
S8  
0
84  
S9  
-121.545  
-121.425  
-21  
0
25  
S10  
344  
259  
Table 2: Annual average DO (mg/L) values of stations  
S1  
9.39  
9.66  
9.66  
8.63  
9.06  
8.13  
6.87  
7.38  
7.29  
7.87  
8.53  
S2  
8.81  
8.37  
8.23  
7.72  
8.45  
7.46  
7.90  
7.90  
8.09  
8.35  
8.52  
S3  
11.34  
11.33  
10.62  
9.90  
S4  
9.58  
9.11  
9.19  
8.41  
7.80  
7.63  
7.89  
7.46  
7.95  
8.08  
7.90  
S5  
9.24  
8.20  
8.56  
7.95  
9.28  
6.81  
6.37  
4.86  
5.00  
4.96  
8.83  
S6  
9.33  
9.01  
9.01  
8.56  
8.56  
8.60  
8.87  
8.25  
8.52  
8.49  
8.52  
S7  
10.26  
10.34  
9.90  
9.55  
9.39  
9.88  
8.88  
8.69  
8.60  
9.11  
9.08  
S8  
S9  
S10  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
007  
9.28  
9.03  
9.37  
8.97  
9.46  
8.49  
7.76  
7.96  
8.02  
8.13  
9.16  
8.72  
8.65  
8.75  
8.06  
9.05  
8.09  
8.54  
8.12  
8.25  
8.65  
9.12  
9.82  
9.70  
9.29  
9.19  
9.50  
9.44  
8.04  
7.72  
7.38  
7.42  
8.74  
008  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
015  
016  
017  
9.74  
10.50  
8.93  
9.01  
9.11  
9.41  
9.40  
Table 3: Annual average T (ºC) values of stations.  
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
S1  
S2  
S3  
S4  
S5  
S6  
S7  
S8  
S9  
S10  
007  
008  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
015  
016  
017  
17.61  
17.70  
17.65  
17.39  
15.38  
17.85  
17.26  
18.57  
18.00  
18.49  
16.37  
17.15  
17.15  
17.10  
17.09  
15.88  
17.31  
17.06  
18.61  
18.33  
18.00  
16.89  
17.67  
17.67  
17.64  
16.96  
15.02  
17.61  
17.57  
18.90  
18.68  
18.41  
15.52  
17.36  
17.25  
17.32  
17.27  
16.34  
17.42  
17.18  
18.55  
18.22  
18.12  
17.13  
17.65  
17.44  
17.49  
17.42  
15.30  
17.58  
17.09  
18.30  
17.73  
18.02  
16.28  
17.36  
17.32  
17.38  
17.20  
16.56  
17.55  
17.35  
18.66  
18.49  
18.23  
17.37  
17.36  
17.40  
17.43  
17.10  
14.99  
17.50  
17.50  
18.62  
18.23  
18.40  
15.68  
17.53  
17.24  
17.56  
17.14  
15.12  
17.74  
17.55  
18.88  
18.48  
18.41  
15.80  
17.46  
17.38  
17.33  
17.08  
15.42  
17.68  
17.30  
18.69  
18.41  
18.21  
16.03  
17.60  
17.34  
17.22  
16.83  
15.14  
17.75  
17.51  
18.85  
18.59  
18.49  
15.93  
8
45  
Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages: 843-852  
Table 4: Values of Δ퐷푂ꢚ,ꢌ,ꢍ, the horisental year number are “i" values and the vertical year lable in the first column (on the left  
side of table) are “j” values, the value of ∆퐷푂 come in table, too.  
푠
S1  
2007  
2008  
2009  
2010  
2011  
2012  
2013  
2014  
-0.19  
2015  
2016  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
008  
0.2643  
0.1336  
-0.254  
-0.083  
-0.253  
-0.421  
-0.288  
-0.264  
-0.169  
-0.086  
2007  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
015  
016  
017  
0.0029  
-0.513  
-0.198  
-0.382  
-0.558  
-0.379  
-0.339  
-0.223  
-0.125  
2008  
∆DO  
1
=
(mg/L.y)  
-1.028  
-0.299  
-0.511  
-0.698  
-0.456  
-0.396  
-0.256  
-0.141  
2009  
0.4307  
-0.252  
-0.587  
-0.313  
-0.269  
-0.127  
-0.014  
2010  
-0.934  
-1.096  
-0.561  
-0.445  
-0.238  
-0.088  
2011  
-1.259  
-0.374  
-0.281  
-0.064  
0.0808  
2012  
0.5108  
0.2074  
0.334  
-0.096  
0.2455  
0.384  
2014  
0.587  
0.6239  
2015  
0.4157  
2013  
0.6608  
2016  
S2  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
008  
-0.44  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
015  
016  
017  
-0.291  
-0.363  
-0.091  
-0.27  
-0.141  
-0.325  
0.0249  
-0.228  
-0.095  
-0.078  
-0.041  
-0.003  
0.0166  
2008  
∆DO  
2
=
-0.021  
(mg/L.y)  
-0.509  
0.1078  
-0.257  
-0.083  
-0.066  
-0.024  
0.0163  
0.0363  
2009  
0.7242  
-0.131  
0.0587  
0.045  
-0.985  
-0.274  
-0.181  
-0.09  
-0.152  
-0.13  
0.4373  
0.2206  
0.2086  
0.2209  
0.212  
0.004  
-0.091  
-0.052  
-0.029  
2007  
0.0729  
0.1037  
0.1141  
2010  
0.0942  
0.1488  
0.1557  
2013  
0.1844  
0.2212  
0.2063  
2014  
-0.02  
0.258  
0.2172  
2015  
0.0124  
2011  
0.1765  
2016  
S3  
2012  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
008  
-0.009  
-0.36  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
015  
016  
017  
-0.711  
-0.715  
-0.53  
∆DO  
3
=
-0.218  
(mg/L.y)  
-0.48  
-0.719  
-0.439  
-0.038  
-0.422  
-0.322  
-0.251  
-0.172  
-0.152  
2009  
-0.4  
-0.16  
-0.167  
-0.401  
-0.333  
-0.278  
-0.214  
-0.194  
2007  
-0.207  
-0.48  
0.3019  
-0.323  
-0.223  
-0.158  
-0.081  
-0.071  
2010  
0.7635  
-0.405  
-0.244  
-0.157  
-0.066  
-0.057  
2011  
-1.574  
-0.748  
-0.464  
-0.273  
-0.221  
2012  
-0.387  
-0.317  
-0.24  
0.0784  
0.0909  
0.1608  
0.1176  
2013  
0.1034  
0.202  
0.1306  
2014  
0.3006  
0.1442  
2015  
-0.214  
2008  
-0.012  
2016  
S4  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
008  
-0.464  
-0.196  
-0.389  
-0.444  
-0.389  
-0.281  
-0.303  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
0.0714  
-0.351  
-0.437  
-0.37  
∆DO  
4
=
-0.164  
(mg/L.y)  
-0.774  
-0.691  
-0.517  
-0.324  
-0.346  
-0.609  
-0.389  
-0.174  
-0.239  
-0.169  
0.0439  
-0.116  
8
-0.245  
-0.277  
0.2571  
-0.089  
-0.436  
46  
Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages: 843-852  
2
2
2
015  
016  
017  
-0.204  
-0.166  
-0.168  
2007  
-0.167  
-0.129  
-0.135  
2008  
-0.206  
-0.158  
-0.161  
2009  
-0.093  
-0.055  
-0.074  
2010  
0.0361  
0.0561  
0.0156  
2011  
0.1046  
0.1124  
0.0526  
2012  
0.0283  
0.0641  
0.0014  
2013  
0.4922  
0.314  
0.1471  
2014  
0.1359  
-0.025  
2015  
-0.187  
2016  
S5  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
008  
-1.041  
-0.344  
-0.431  
0.0102  
-0.487  
-0.479  
-0.626  
-0.53  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
015  
016  
017  
0.3521  
-0.126  
0.3605  
-0.348  
-0.367  
-0.557  
-0.457  
-0.406  
0.0696  
2008  
∆DO  
5
=
-0.271  
(mg/L.y)  
-0.603  
0.3647  
-0.581  
-0.547  
-0.739  
-0.592  
-0.514  
0.0343  
2009  
1.3326  
-0.571  
-0.528  
-0.773  
-0.59  
-2.474  
-1.459  
-1.475  
-1.07  
-0.444  
-0.976  
-0.602  
-0.463  
0.4038  
2012  
-1.507  
-0.682  
-0.47  
0.144  
0.0487  
1.3233  
2014  
-0.476  
-0.041  
2007  
-0.499  
0.1254  
2010  
-0.865  
-0.076  
2011  
-0.047  
1.913  
2015  
0.6156  
2013  
3.8726  
2016  
S6  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
008  
-0.318  
-0.159  
-0.256  
-0.191  
-0.145  
-0.075  
-0.153  
-0.101  
-0.093  
-0.08  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
015  
016  
017  
0
∆DO  
6
=
-0.073  
(mg/L.y)  
-0.225  
-0.149  
-0.101  
-0.027  
-0.125  
-0.07  
-0.065  
-0.054  
2008  
-0.449  
-0.223  
-0.135  
-0.033  
-0.15  
0.0025  
0.0223  
0.1053  
-0.076  
-0.008  
-0.011  
-0.005  
2010  
0.0422  
0.1566  
-0.102  
-0.011  
-0.014  
-0.006  
2011  
0.2711  
-0.174  
-0.028  
-0.028  
-0.016  
2012  
-0.619  
-0.178  
-0.128  
-0.088  
2013  
-0.081  
-0.074  
-0.061  
2009  
0.2631  
0.1173  
0.089  
2014  
-0.028  
0.0019  
2015  
0.0323  
2016  
S7  
2007  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
008  
0.0791  
-0.18  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
015  
016  
017  
-0.439  
-0.397  
-0.316  
-0.116  
-0.293  
-0.275  
-0.249  
-0.154  
-0.141  
2008  
∆DO  
7
=
-0.148  
(mg/L.y)  
-0.238  
-0.218  
-0.077  
-0.231  
-0.225  
-0.208  
-0.128  
-0.119  
2007  
-0.355  
-0.255  
-0.008  
-0.257  
-0.243  
-0.218  
-0.114  
-0.103  
2009  
-0.155  
0.1646  
-0.224  
-0.215  
-0.19  
0.4842  
-0.258  
-0.234  
-0.199  
-0.057  
-0.053  
2011  
-1.001  
-0.594  
-0.427  
-0.192  
-0.16  
-0.187  
-0.14  
-0.093  
0.2089  
0.1292  
2014  
-0.073  
-0.067  
2010  
0.0771  
0.0502  
2013  
0.5113  
0.2405  
2015  
-0.03  
2016  
S8  
2012  
2
2
2
2
2
008  
-0.248  
0.0438  
-0.104  
0.0455  
-0.158  
009  
010  
011  
012  
0.336  
∆DO  
8
=
-0.092  
(mg/L.y)  
-0.032  
0.1434  
-0.135  
-0.399  
0.0471  
-0.292  
0.4935  
-0.239  
-0.971  
8
47  
Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages: 843-852  
2
2
2
2
2
013  
014  
015  
016  
017  
-0.254  
-0.189  
-0.158  
-0.128  
-0.013  
2007  
-0.255  
-0.18  
-0.403  
-0.283  
-0.225  
-0.178  
-0.027  
2009  
-0.404  
-0.254  
-0.191  
-0.141  
0.0267  
2010  
-0.852  
-0.503  
-0.362  
-0.268  
-0.051  
2011  
-0.734  
-0.269  
-0.159  
-0.092  
0.1328  
2012  
0.1962  
0.1286  
0.1222  
0.3494  
2013  
-0.145  
-0.113  
0.0137  
2008  
0.0611  
0.0853  
0.4004  
2014  
0.1095  
0.5701  
2015  
1.0308  
2016  
S9  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
008  
-0.065  
0.0141  
-0.22  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
015  
016  
017  
0.0933  
-0.297  
0.1327  
-0.141  
-0.022  
-0.09  
∆DO  
9
=
0.0074  
(mg/L.y)  
-0.687  
0.1523  
-0.219  
-0.051  
-0.126  
-0.084  
-0.014  
0.0465  
2009  
0.0832  
-0.126  
-0.029  
-0.086  
-0.059  
-0.008  
0.04  
0.9918  
0.0147  
0.1616  
0.014  
-0.962  
-0.254  
-0.312  
-0.202  
-0.081  
0.0112  
2011  
0.4553  
0.0134  
0.052  
-0.429  
-0.15  
-0.058  
0
0.0371  
0.0982  
0.1512  
2010  
0.1292  
0.2665  
0.3342  
2014  
0.1399  
0.2059  
2012  
0.0348  
0.1435  
2013  
0.4038  
0.4367  
2015  
0.0517  
2008  
0.4696  
2016  
S10  
2007  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
008  
-0.12  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
015  
016  
017  
-0.266  
-0.212  
-0.082  
-0.076  
-0.297  
-0.301  
-0.306  
-0.267  
-0.108  
-0.413  
-0.258  
-0.069  
-0.065  
-0.333  
-0.331  
-0.332  
-0.286  
-0.107  
∆DO10  
=
-0.206  
(mg/L.y)  
-0.104  
0.1025  
0.0503  
-0.313  
-0.315  
-0.319  
-0.268  
-0.068  
0.3094  
0.1276  
-0.382  
-0.367  
-0.362  
-0.295  
-0.063  
-0.054  
-0.728  
-0.593  
-0.53  
-1.401  
-0.862  
-0.688  
-0.506  
-0.14  
-0.323  
-0.331  
-0.208  
0.1757  
-0.34  
-0.416  
-0.125  
-0.15  
0.0399  
0.6829  
0.3418  
1.3259  
°
ꢙ
Table 5: Values of 훥푇푠,푗,푖  
ꢊ
ꢋ, the horizontal year number are “i" values and the vertical year label in the first column (on the  
ꢆ푒푎푟  
left side of table) are “j” values, the value of ∆T  
s
come in table, too.  
2013 2014  
S1  
2007  
2008  
2009  
2010  
2011  
2012  
2015  
2016  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
008  
0.0852  
0.021  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
015  
016  
017  
-0.043  
-0.154  
-0.772  
0.0391  
-0.086  
0.1458  
0.0441  
0.0988  
-0.147  
2008  
∆T  
1
=
-0.003  
(ºC/y)  
-0.074  
-0.558  
0.0483  
-0.058  
0.1371  
0.0492  
0.0973  
-0.124  
2007  
-0.264  
-1.137  
0.0666  
-0.097  
0.1836  
0.0586  
0.1191  
-0.16  
-2.01  
0.2318  
-0.041  
0.2954  
0.1231  
0.1829  
-0.145  
2010  
2.4734  
0.9427  
1.0638  
0.6563  
0.6214  
0.1654  
2011  
-0.588  
0.359  
1.306  
0.3699  
0.4072  
-0.223  
2013  
0.0506  
0.1584  
-0.296  
2012  
-0.566  
-0.042  
-0.733  
2014  
0.4818  
-0.816  
2015  
-2.11  
2016  
S2  
2009  
8
48  
Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages: 843-852  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
008  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
015  
016  
017  
-0.001  
-0.026  
-0.019  
-0.317  
0.0331  
-0.014  
0.2082  
0.1482  
0.0941  
-0.025  
2007  
-0.051  
-0.028  
-0.423  
0.0417  
-0.017  
0.2431  
0.1695  
0.106  
∆T  
2
=
0.0709  
(ºC/y)  
-0.006  
-0.608  
0.0726  
-0.009  
0.3019  
0.2062  
0.1284  
-0.025  
2009  
-1.211  
0.1118  
-0.01  
1.4344  
0.591  
-0.252  
0.646  
0.3789  
0.2487  
0.1508  
-0.028  
2010  
0.9088  
0.6135  
0.4231  
0.1691  
2011  
1.5444  
0.6361  
0.3112  
-0.042  
2013  
0.3399  
0.1703  
-0.084  
2012  
-0.272  
-0.305  
-0.571  
2014  
-0.339  
-0.72  
2015  
-0.028  
2008  
-1.10  
2016  
S3  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
008  
0.0019  
-0.015  
-0.235  
-0.663  
-0.012  
-0.017  
0.1758  
0.1262  
0.0822  
-0.215  
2007  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
015  
016  
017  
-0.032  
-0.353  
-0.884  
-0.015  
-0.02  
∆T  
3
=
-0.023  
(ºC/y)  
-0.674  
-1.31  
-1.945  
0.3231  
0.2015  
0.4838  
0.3428  
0.2408  
-0.206  
2010  
-0.009  
-0.017  
0.2522  
0.1733  
0.1101  
-0.264  
2009  
2.5916  
1.275  
-0.042  
0.6446  
0.356  
0.2048  
0.1439  
0.0923  
-0.239  
2008  
1.2936  
0.9149  
0.6781  
0.084  
1.3308  
0.5548  
0.2801  
-0.511  
2013  
-0.221  
-0.245  
-1.126  
2014  
0.1997  
-0.417  
2012  
-0.269  
-1.578  
2015  
-2.88  
2016  
S4  
2011  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
008  
-0.11  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
015  
016  
017  
-0.02  
0.0701  
0.0114  
-0.302  
0.0416  
-0.014  
0.2166  
0.1392  
0.1092  
-0.014  
2008  
∆T  
4
=
0.0599  
(ºC/y)  
-0.029  
-0.254  
0.0113  
-0.03  
-0.047  
-0.488  
0.0321  
-0.035  
0.2459  
0.1507  
0.1148  
-0.024  
2009  
-0.928  
0.0718  
-0.031  
0.3192  
0.1903  
0.1418  
-0.021  
2010  
1.0715  
0.4174  
0.7349  
0.4699  
0.3558  
0.1303  
2011  
-0.237  
0.5666  
0.2694  
0.1769  
-0.058  
2012  
0.17  
1.3699  
0.5224  
0.3147  
-0.013  
2013  
0.1081  
0.0849  
-0.023  
2007  
-0.325  
-0.213  
-0.474  
2014  
-0.101  
-0.549  
2015  
-0.99  
2016  
S5  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
008  
-0.218  
-0.082  
-0.077  
-0.588  
-0.015  
-0.094  
0.0919  
0.0093  
0.0409  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
015  
016  
0.0542  
-0.006  
-0.712  
0.0361  
-0.069  
0.1435  
0.0418  
0.0733  
∆T  
5
=
-0.024  
(ºC/y)  
-0.067  
-1.095  
0.03  
-2.123  
0.0783  
-0.112  
0.2183  
0.0609  
0.0997  
2.2793  
0.8938  
0.9986  
0.6068  
0.5442  
-0.1  
-0.492  
0.3583  
0.0494  
0.1104  
0.1613  
0.0397  
0.076  
1.2082  
0.3199  
0.3111  
-0.568  
-0.137  
0.2937  
8
49  
Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages: 843-852  
2
017  
-0.137  
2007  
-0.128  
2008  
-0.151  
2009  
-0.163  
2010  
0.1635  
2011  
-0.26  
2012  
-0.202  
2013  
-0.672  
2014  
-0.723  
2015  
-1.74  
2016  
S6  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
008  
-0.042  
0.01  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
015  
016  
017  
0.0623  
-0.062  
-0.254  
0.058  
∆T  
6
=
0.0807  
(ºC/y)  
-0.055  
-0.201  
0.0379  
-0.002  
0.185  
-0.186  
-0.412  
0.0566  
-0.008  
0.255  
-0.638  
0.1781  
0.0514  
0.3654  
0.2593  
0.1716  
0.0253  
2010  
0.9941  
0.3961  
0.6999  
0.4836  
0.3336  
0.1359  
2011  
0.006  
-0.202  
0.5527  
0.3134  
0.1684  
-0.036  
2012  
0.2229  
0.1675  
0.1132  
0.0059  
2008  
1.3074  
0.571  
0.1412  
0.0959  
0.0011  
2007  
0.185  
-0.165  
-0.216  
-0.428  
2014  
0.1205  
-0.001  
2009  
0.2919  
0.0058  
2013  
-0.266  
-0.559  
2015  
-0.85  
2016  
S7  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
008  
0.0449  
0.0375  
-0.085  
-0.591  
0.0284  
0.0236  
0.1803  
0.1091  
0.1163  
-0.168  
2007  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
015  
016  
017  
0.0301  
-0.151  
-0.803  
0.0242  
0.0193  
0.2028  
0.1183  
0.1252  
-0.192  
2008  
∆T  
1
=
-8E-04  
(ºC/y)  
-0.331  
-1.219  
0.0222  
0.0166  
0.2374  
0.133  
-2.107  
0.199  
2.5048  
1.2523  
1.2083  
0.809  
0.1326  
0.3795  
0.2258  
0.2171  
-0.203  
2010  
-1E-04  
0.5601  
0.2437  
0.2261  
-0.364  
2012  
1.1203  
0.3657  
0.3016  
-0.455  
2013  
-0.389  
-0.108  
-0.981  
2014  
0.1387  
-0.219  
2009  
0.6819  
0.1139  
2011  
0.1733  
-1.276  
2015  
-2.72  
2016  
S8  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
008  
-0.288  
0.0166  
-0.13  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
015  
016  
017  
0.3215  
-0.05  
∆T  
8
=
0.0076  
(ºC/y)  
-0.422  
-1.223  
0.0577  
-0.003  
0.2635  
0.1536  
0.1207  
-0.22  
-0.603  
0.0413  
0.0038  
0.193  
-0.708  
0.1236  
0.0622  
0.2732  
0.1776  
0.1458  
-0.16  
-2.023  
0.2977  
0.1373  
0.435  
2.6189  
1.2177  
1.2545  
0.8418  
0.6582  
0.1147  
2011  
-0.184  
0.5723  
0.2495  
0.168  
1.3282  
0.466  
0.2852  
-0.437  
2013  
0.1193  
0.0976  
-0.172  
2007  
0.2688  
0.2113  
-0.191  
2010  
-0.396  
-0.236  
-1.025  
2014  
-0.076  
-1.339  
2015  
-0.386  
2012  
-2.60  
2016  
S9  
2008  
2009  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
008  
-0.076  
-0.063  
-0.126  
-0.51  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
-0.051  
-0.151  
-0.655  
0.0742  
-0.017  
0.2185  
∆T  
9
=
0.0102  
(ºC/y)  
-0.251  
-0.957  
0.1158  
-0.008  
0.2723  
-1.663  
0.2993  
0.0724  
0.4032  
0.0442  
-0.027  
0.1765  
2.2615  
0.9401  
1.0919  
-0.381  
0.5071  
1.3956  
8
50  
Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages: 843-852  
2
2
2
015  
016  
017  
0.119  
0.1468  
0.1038  
-0.15  
0.1797  
0.1258  
-0.163  
2009  
0.2659  
0.1887  
-0.15  
0.748  
0.559  
0.1019  
2011  
0.2436  
0.1334  
-0.33  
0.556  
0.3049  
-0.317  
2013  
-0.284  
0.0838  
-0.143  
2007  
-0.24  
-0.888  
2014  
-0.197  
-1.19  
2015  
-2.18  
2016  
S10  
2008  
2010  
2012  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
008  
-0.253  
-0.187  
-0.256  
-0.615  
0.0316  
-0.014  
0.1785  
0.124  
009  
010  
011  
012  
013  
014  
015  
016  
017  
-0.121  
-0.257  
-0.735  
0.1028  
0.0334  
0.2505  
0.1778  
0.1431  
-0.157  
∆T10  
=
0.0233  
(ºC/y)  
-0.393  
-1.042  
0.1774  
0.072  
-1.691  
0.4627  
0.2271  
0.5043  
0.3518  
0.2765  
-0.128  
2.6162  
1.186  
-0.244  
0.5458  
0.2779  
0.1833  
-0.365  
0.3248  
0.2276  
0.1808  
-0.161  
1.2359  
0.8625  
0.6699  
0.1321  
1.3358  
0.5389  
0.3258  
-0.395  
-0.258  
-0.179  
-0.972  
0.099  
-0.1  
-0.167  
-1.329  
-2.55  
The average value of DO changing rate in the area of study is equal to -0.138 mg/L.y and for T the average rate of changing is equal to +0.02 ºC/y.  
̅
푇
are very low or high, they die. Temperature affects  
metabolism, reproduction and emergence.  
= 17.4°퐶  
(7)  
ꢛꢜꢜꢝꢞ ꢛꢜꢐꢝ  
2
007 + 2017  
+
30 = 2042  
ꢊ8ꢋ  
Table 6: The amount of soluble oxygen that distilled water  
2
°
+ 30 × ∆푇 = 17.4 + 30 × 0.02  
푦ꢇꢈꢉ  
ꢊ9ꢋ  
퐶
can hold at a certain temperature  
̅
푇ꢛꢜꢟꢛ = 푇  
ꢛꢜꢜꢝꢞꢛꢜꢐꢝ  
0
Temp ( C)  
Solubility (mg/l)  
14.6  
14.2  
13.8  
13.5  
13.1  
12.8  
12.5  
12.2  
11.9  
11.6  
11.3  
11.1  
10.9  
10.6  
10.4  
10.2  
10.0  
9.8  
9.6  
9.4  
9.2  
9.0  
8.9  
8.7  
8.6  
8.4  
=
18°퐶  
퐷푂ꢛꢜꢐꢛꢞꢛꢜꢟꢛꢚℎ표푢푙푑 = 9.68 − 9.8 = −0.12  
Or  
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10  
푚ꢀ  
ꢔ
∆
ꢊ10ꢋ  
ꢊ11ꢋ  
0
.12  
3
푚ꢀ  
= −0.004  
푦ꢇꢈꢉ  
−
but  
1
1
1
2
푚ꢀ  
∆
퐷푂 = −0.138  
ꢊ12ꢋ  
ꢊ13ꢋ  
푦ꢇꢈꢉ  
13  
1
1
4
5
푚ꢀ  
ꢔ
−
0.138 − ꢊ−0.004ꢋ = −0.134  
16  
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Such results are similar to those of other researchers as  
presented in the table below (Information adapted from:  
Water, Water everywhere: Water Quality Factors Reference  
Unit, HACH Inc). The amount of soluble oxygen that  
distilled water can hold at a certain temperature. The above  
equations show that in the average annual temperature  
conditions, 0.004 mg/l of dissolved oxygen is decreased due  
to heating and temperature increase, and in 0.134 mg/l year,  
BOD and COD contamination are added.  
8.2  
8.1  
4
Conclusion  
28  
29  
30  
7.9  
7.8  
7.7  
Temperature affects aquatic organisms in many ways.  
Body temperature most aquatic organisms are the same as  
the surrounding water and fluctuate. Most aquatic organisms  
are limited to living in a temperature range, and when they  
Adapted from: Water, Water Everywhere: Water Quality Factors  
Reference Unit, HACH Inc  
8
51  
Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages: 843-852  
Temperature also affects the amount of photosynthesis  
of aquatic plants, the base of the aquatic food web. Pollutants  
can be toxic at higher temperatures. Most aquatic organisms  
need oxygen to survive. Oxygen is not part of the molecule  
of water, it is oxygen gas. Oxygen enters the water through  
the rain. Turbulence and wind through photosynthesis of  
aquatic plants. The body absorbs oxygen through structures  
such as cartilage or skin. In the present study, temperature  
changes trending and dissolved oxygen concentration have  
been investigated. After that, the speed of temperature  
changes in degree and dissolved oxygen concentration in  
mg/L were calculated in each year. To achieve these terms,  
as can be seen in equation 1, the average of temperature and  
dissolved oxygen in one year compared with the same items  
in other years. An 11-year period of time (2007-2017) was  
considered. The result showed that the average value of DO  
changing rate in the area of study is equal to -0.138 mg/L.y  
and for T the average rate of change is equal to +0.02 ºC/y.  
In this study, the method of comparing temperature and  
dissolved oxygen during a specified period is a variant in this  
study. The results also show how the process of change has  
been and how quickly the temperature decreases with  
increasing dissolved oxygen. The results also show that  
BOD and COD inputs are increasing rapidly. This is a matter  
of concern and in addition affects global warming and  
pollution sources such as industries and the quality of water  
resources and ecosystems, so the reasons for this along the  
river should be studied in depth.  
hypoxic boundary in the California Current. Geophysical  
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Pierce SD, Barth JA, Shearman RK, Erofeev AY. Declining  
oxygen in the Northeast Pacific. Journal of Physical  
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Grantham BA, Chan F, Nielsen KJ, Fox DS, Barth JA, Huyer  
A, Lubchenco J, Menge BA. Upwelling-driven nearshore  
hypoxia signals ecosystem and oceanographic changes in the  
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1
1
2
13 Meinvielle M, Johnson GC. Decadal water‐property trends in  
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4
Ren AS, Chai F, Xue H, Anderson DM, Chavez FP. A sixteen-  
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