Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages: 1068-1074  
J. Environ. Treat. Tech.  
ISSN: 2309-1185  
Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com  
Evaluation of Biochemical Parameters in Type 1  
and Type 2 Diabetics in Rabat District of Morocco  
1
2
2
1
Miloudi Hilali *, Asmae Tantane , Mohamed Rhajaoui , Hanae El Monfalouti and Badr  
Eddine Kartah1  
1
Laboratory of Plant Chemistry and Organic and Bioorganic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, University Mohamed-V, Av Ibn Battouta, BP 1014 Agdal-  
Rabat, Morocco  
2
Laboratory biochemistry national institute of hygiene of Rabat, Morocco  
Received: 25/03/2020  
Accepted: 29/06/2020  
Published: 20/09/2020  
Abstract  
Diabetes represents a major public health problem and exposes to serious complications such as cardiovascular, renal, ocular,  
neurological diseases and sometimes wounds which are difficult to heal leading in the most extreme cases to amputation. The  
objective of this work is therefore to carry out an evaluation of certain biological parameters (fasting blood sugar, urea, total  
cholesterol, HDL, creatinine, uric acid), and hematological (white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets) in diabetic patients. the rabat-  
sale region and to find out which type of diabetic is the most distributed in this region so that in the end we will raise awareness among  
the entire population to make periodic analyzes in order to draw lessons and offer recommendations. The study of this work focused  
on 40 diabetic patients, including 8 type 1 diabetic patients and 32 type 2 diabetic patients. After that we took blood samples for  
biological analyzes. According to the study, we found that the number of type 2 diabetics (80%) is higher than that of type 1 diabetics  
(
(
20%), the number of women is greater than the number of men and the majority diabetic patients in our population are hypertensive  
70%). Our results also show that in type 2 diabetics the average rates of all parameters (fasting blood sugar, urea, creatinine and uric  
acid) are lower than those recorded in type 1 diabetics. Total cholesterol and HDL in type 2 diabetics are higher than those recorded in  
type 1 diabetics. This study shows that our patients do not have a problem of bacterial infection or rheumatism because almost all the  
values of creatinine, urea, uric acid, total cholesterol and the level of white blood cells are normal and also shows, the absence of  
cardiovascular and renal complications. But our study also showed that total cholesterol, urea and creatinine increase with age, and  
people between the ages of 60 and 75 are more at risk than others. The study of this work shows that the number of women who have  
diabetes is greater than the number of men and most of these people have chronic diseases, so to avoid serious complication on a  
health scale, we must therefore to sensitize and educate the populations to make periodic analyzes, to make sport activities and food  
rigime to finally reduce the rate of diabetic diseases.  
Keywords: Diabetes, Complications, Biochemical, Fasting glucose, Urea, Total cholesterol, HDL, Creatinine, Uric acid  
Introduction1  
of pregnant women [6]. It manifests itself as an increase in  
1
blood glucose towards the end of the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of  
pregnancy. In the majority of cases, it disappears after  
delivery. Diabetes is recognized today, supported by figures  
like a global epidemic and a tsunami whose human, social and  
economic consequences are devastating. In Morocco, the  
latest national figures exceed 10% for people over the age of  
Diabetes is a chronic disease that cannot be cured, but can  
be treated and controlled. It is caused by a lack or lack of use  
of a hormone called insulin. When there is a lack of insulin, or  
when it does not perform its function effectively, as is the case  
in a person with diabetes, glucose cannot be used as a fuel for  
cells. It then accumulates in the blood and causes an increase  
in sugar level (hyperglycemia). In the long run, high blood  
sugar causes complications, including eye, kidney, nerve,  
heart and blood vessel complications [1, 2].  
There are different types of diabetes: prediabetes, type 1  
diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes and other rarer  
types; Type 1 diabetes, accounts for 10 to 15% of diabetes  
cases [3]. It occurs most often in a non-obese subject before  
the age of 30 [4]. Diabetes type 2 known as fatty or mature  
diabetes, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is  
a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic excess of blood  
sugar (hyperglycemia) [5]. The peripheral use of sugar in the  
cells: insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, allows cells to  
collect and use glucose. Gestational Diabetes affects 3 to 20%  
2
0 years. And if we consider the age groups beyond 50 years,  
the prevalence exceeds 14%. Thus, today around two million  
people suffer from diabetes in our country [7]. diabetes is one  
of the worst health calamities in Morocco which costs  
millions of dirhams at the state coffers, each year, 500,000  
people at risk in primary health care establishments including  
people with a history 1st degree family (father or mother) with  
diabetes. Worse, almost 50% of all diabetics are unaware of  
their disease.  
Main objective of the study is concerned with three goals:  
(
a) to determine the distribution of diabetic patients by type of  
diabetes, sex, age and presence or absence of hypertension;  
b) a comparison of different biochemical parameters (fasting  
(
glucose, urea, total cholesterol, HDL, creatinine, uric acid)  
between type 1 diabetics and type 2 diabetics; (c) a  
comparison of the different cellular elements of blood which  
are white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets between  
type 1 diabetics and type 2 diabetics; and (d) do a lot of  
Corresponding author: Miloudi Hilali, Laboratory of Plant  
Chemistry and Organic and Bioorganic Synthesis, Faculty of  
Science, University Mohamed-V, Av Ibn Battouta, BP 1014  
Agdal-Rabat, Morocco. Email address: hilali400@yahoo.com.  
1
068  
Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages: 1068-1074  
cholesterolꢁesterꢁcholesterolꢁesterasemodifiedꢁwithꢁPEG  
O →ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ  
cholesterol HDL + ROOH  
analyzes in Moroccan populations to detect people decay  
before the complication of health.  
HDL + H  
2
2
Materials and methods  
2
HDP + O Cholesterol Oxidase Cholesterol Oxidase Modified  
by PEG Δ4-Cholestenone + H  
2
.1 Sampling  
2
O
2
This is  
a comparative study of some biochemical  
parameters in diabetic patients during a period of two months  
June and August) of the year 2019 in the biochemistry  
department of the National Institute of Hygiene of Rabat  
INH). The study has undertaken includes 40 diabetic patients  
from the Rabat region in Morocco. The selection of patients is  
based on a questionnaire on their gender, age, medical history  
and quality of life.  
peroxidase  
+
2
H
2
O
2
+ 4-amino-antipyrine + HSDA * + H →ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ  
(
derivative colored blue-violet + 5H  
2
O
(
The intensity of the developed coloration is directly  
proportional to the HDL cholesterol concentration. It is  
determined by the increase of the absorbance at 583 nm.  
Reference interval: (0.35 - 0.80) (g / l). * HSDA: sodium N-  
(
2-hydroxy-3-sulfo-propyl) -3,5-dimethoxy aniline.  
2
.2 Blood sampling  
Blood samples are taken after at least 12 hours of fasting.  
2
.3.4 Creatinine  
Samples are made in two tubes: first, a dry tube to determine:  
Blood glucose, creatinine, uric acid, ASTL, total cholesterol  
and HDL and second tube containing an EDTA anticoagulant  
for hematological analyzes. The dry tube is centrifuged in a  
centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes in order to obtain  
serum, the assay of all the parameters will be performed.  
In Jaffé's reaction an alkaline solution, creatinine reacts  
with the picrate to form a yellow-red product.  
pHꢁalkaline  
Creatinine + picric acid →ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ complex young orange  
The amount of dye formed (intensity of color) is directly  
proportional to the creatinine concentration of the sample. It is  
measured by the increase of the absorbance at 512 nm. Serum  
and plasma samples contain proteins that react nonspecifically  
in the Jaffé method [11]. Reference Interval: (5.0 - 12.0) (mg /  
l)  
2
2
.3 Methods of determination biochemical parameters  
.3.1 Fasting blood glucose  
Enzyme reference method for hexokinase. Glucose is  
phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate by the action of ATP  
and hexokinase (HK). Then, a second enzyme, glucose-6-  
phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) catalyzes the oxidation of  
+
glucose-6-phosphate by NADP to form NADPH [8].  
2
.3.5 Uric acid  
Enzymatic colorimetric assay performed via using uricase and  
-amino phenazone. In a first step, uric acid is oxidized in a  
퐻퐾  
4
Glucose + ATP → glucose-6-phosphate + ADP  
reaction catalyzed by uricase. The hydrogen peroxide formed  
reacts with [N-ethyl- (3-methylanilino)] (sodium 2-  
hydroxypropyl-3-sulfonate) (TOOS) and 4-amino phenazone  
in the presence of peroxidase (POD) to form a colored  
derivative quinoneimine [12].  
+
퐺−6−푃퐷퐻  
Glucose-6-phosphate + NADP →ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ 6-phosphogluconate  
+
+
NADPH + H  
The concentration of NADPH formed is directly  
proportional to the glucose concentration. It is measured by  
increasing the absorbance at 340 nm. Reference interval: (0.65  
Uricase  
2 2 2 2 2  
Uric acid + 2 H O + O →ꢀꢀꢀꢀ allantoin + CO + H O  
-
1.10) (g / l)  
Peroxidaseꢁ  
2
H
2
O
2
+ H ++ TOOS + 4-aminophosphonazone →ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ  
derivative quinone-diimine + 4H  
2
.3.2 Total cholesterol  
Total cholesterol find out via using colorimetric enzymatic  
2
O
method. Cholesterol esterase (CE) [9].  
The color intensity of the quinone-diimine formed is  
directly proportional to the uric acid concentration and is  
measured with the increase in absorbance at 520 nm. The  
addition of ascorbate oxidase makes it possible to avoid the  
interference of ascorbic acid. Reference range: (26 - 74) (mg /  
l).  
퐶퐸  
2
Esters of cholesterol + H O → cholesterol + RCOOH  
퐶퐻푂퐷  
Cholesterol + O  
2
2 2  
→ꢀꢀ Chlestene-4-en-3-one + H O  
푃푂퐷  
2
H
2
O
2
+ amino-4phenazone + phenol →ꢀ red colored  
2.3.6 Urea  
derivative (quinone-imine) + 4H  
2
O
Urea can be measured by coupled enzyme reactions that  
are fast, have high specificity to ammonia and are commonly  
used. One of these reactions has been proposed as a  
permissible reference method [13].  
The intensity of the staining developed is directly  
proportional to the cholesterol concentration. It is determined  
by the increase of the absorbance at 512 nm. Reference  
interval: (1.25 - 2.00) (g / l)  
urease  
+ 2-  
2 4 3  
Urea + 2H 0 →ꢀꢀꢀ 2NH + CO  
2
.3.3 HDL cholesterol  
Enzymatic colorimetric assay was in homogeneous phase.  
GLDHꢁꢁꢁꢁꢁꢁꢁꢁꢁ  
4 2  
NH O  
++ 2-oxoglutarate + NADH →ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ L-Glutamate + H  
NAD+  
+
In the presence of magnesium sulphate, dextran sulphate  
forms complex hydrosoluble with LDL, VLDL and  
chylomicrons [10].  
2
.4 The parameters of the hemogram  
Quantitative analyzes of red blood cells, quantitative  
analyzes of white blood cells and quantitative platelet  
analyzes [14].  
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069  
Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages: 1068-1074  
2
.5 Analysis devices  
3.3 According to age  
The biochemical parameters were analyzed on the Cobas  
C311 controller, and the blood parameters on a Mindray semi-  
automatic device.  
The study shows that the group of 40 diabetic patients is  
divided according to age the results are grouped in the  
following table 1.  
Table 1: Distribution of diabetic patients by age.  
3
Results and Discussion  
3
3
.1 Distribution of patients  
.1.1 According to the distribution by type of diabetes  
According to the type of diabetes, the statistical study of  
this work showed that the group of diabetic patients are  
divided into 20% of type 1 diabetics (8 patients) and 80% of  
type 2 diabetics (32 patients) [15], because the number of  
people with type 2 diabetes increases rapidly at worldwide,  
this increase is associated with economic development, aging  
populations, increased urbanization, dietary changes and  
decreased physical activity and other changes in lifestyle. The  
results of this study reveal a higher number of type 2 diabetics  
than that of type 1 diabetics (Figure 1).  
[
[
[
[
[
40-50]  
50-60]  
60-70]  
70-80]  
80-90]  
1
2
3
2
0
4
15  
10  
2
5
17  
13  
4
12,5%  
42,5%  
32,5%  
10%  
1
1
2,5%  
Total  
8
32  
40  
100%  
Distribution by type of diabetes  
The results of diabetic patients by age show that diabetic  
disease can affect all age groups with a predominance in the  
elderly. Our study shows that the diabetic disease rate in  
people aged 50 to 60 is 42.50%. However, for the age group  
of 60 to 70 years, there is a rate of 32.50%, people aged 40 to  
Type 1  
2
0%  
5
0 years the distribution rate is 12.50%, our results also show  
that the rate The distribution in people aged 70 to 80 is 10%  
and in people over eighty is 2.50% [17] (figure 3).  
Type 2  
0%  
8
1
1
1
1
6
4
2
0
8
6
4
2
0
15  
Type 1  
Type 2  
Type 1  
Type 2  
10  
Figure 1: Distribution by type of diabetes  
3
.2 According to sex  
Our study shows that the group of 40 diabetic patients is  
4
3
2
2 2  
divided into 92.5% women (37 women) and 7.5% men (3  
men) [16] we note here that most of the women in our  
population studies have RAMED cards (90%) have older  
women and unemployed. The analyzes are done for free so  
their main objective is to control their health, which explains  
the predominance of women (Fig 2) for these reasons we  
found that the number of women with diabetes higher than  
men.  
1
1
0
[40-50]  
[50-60]  
[60-70]  
Age  
[70-80]  
[80-90]  
Figure 3: Distribution of diabetic patients by age  
The results show that the percentage of type 2 diabetics  
and the average age of this population are higher compared to  
the percentage of people with type 1 diabetes because the  
number of people with type 2 diabetes increases rapidly across  
the population. In the world, this increase is associated with  
economic development, aging populations, increased  
urbanization, changes in diet and reduced physical activity,  
and other lifestyle changes [4]. Internationally, the increase in  
the prevalence of diabetes is observed worldwide, in both  
industrialized and developing countries [18]. The number of  
people aged 20 to 79 with diabetes in the world is estimated at  
men  
8%  
4
2
25 million in 2017 and is projected to reach 552 million in  
030 [19]. In Morocco, more than 2 million people are  
women  
2%  
9
diabetic, 50% of whom are unaware of their disease. Unlike  
some data in the literature which indicates that the number of  
people with diabetes in the world by sex, men with diabetes  
are around 14 million more than women in our population we  
found the opposite is say that the number of diabetic women is  
more than the number of men [20].  
women  
men  
Figure 2: Distribution of patients by gender  
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Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages: 1068-1074  
3
.4 According to arterial hypertension  
the urea value, so it is noticed that the urea rate increases with  
age so the patients might have a kidney and cardiovascular  
problem in the future. So age in patients with diabetes seems  
like a cardiovascular and renal risk factor [23]  
The result of the distribution of patients according to the  
presence of arterial hypertension is grouped in Figure 4. This  
result shows that 70% of diabetic patients are hypertensive  
therefore most diabetic diseases have chronic patients.  
2
1
0
.5  
2
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0%  
0%  
0%  
0%  
0%  
0%  
0%  
0%  
7
0%  
1
.93  
1
.49  
.5  
1
30%  
.5  
0
0
%
type 1  
type 2  
patients are hypertensive no patients are hypertensive yes  
Figure 5: Fasting blood glucose by type 1 and 2  
Figure 4: Distribution of patients according to the presence or absence  
of arterial hypertension  
0.9  
0
0
0
0
0
.8  
.7  
.6  
.5  
.4  
urea g/l type 1  
urea g/l type 2  
3
.5 Comparison of the different parameters studied  
according to the type of diabetes  
The comparison of some biochemical parameters between  
type 1 and type 2 diabetics is shown in Table 2.  
3
.6 Fasting blood glucose  
Type 2 diabetics have a slightly higher average fasting  
glucose level of 1.93 versus 1.49 for type 1 diabetics (Tab.2  
and figure 4) .The results of fasting blood glucose results  
indicate that type 2 diabetics have a higher fasting glucose  
level (1.93) however the study shows that the glucose level in  
type 1 diabetics is 1.49 (Tab.2). These two values are not  
normal (0.7 - 1.10) (g / l), according to who these fasting  
glucose values remain fluctuating and unstable at some  
patients but no significant differences between one type of  
diabetes and another (Fig.5) [21].  
0.3  
0
0
.2  
.1  
0
43 47 47 47 50 50 50 51 51 52 54 55 60 62 65 68 70 73 86  
Age  
Figure 6: Urea in type 1 and 2 diabetics by age  
3
.8 Creatinine  
From our results, we note that type 1 diabetics have a  
3
.7 Urea in diabetics  
The study shows that the average urea rate in type 1  
higher creatinine average 8.62 compared to 6.51 for type 2  
diabetics. The increase in creatinine indicates a decrease in  
filtration rate glomerular, and therefore of renal failure, but  
our study shows that the two average creatinine values in the  
two types of diabetic are normal (6-12 mg / l).  
diabetics (0.32) is higher than that in type 2 diabetics (0.25)  
22], but both values remain normal (0.10-0.55), the high urea  
level in blood may be indicative of kidney damage (figure 6).  
The urea analyzes show that there is proportional  
relationship between the age of the patients in diabetics and  
[
a
Table 2: values of the various parameters analyzed  
Parameter  
Percentage  
Age (years)  
Weight (kg)  
Fasting blood glucose g/l  
Urea g/l  
Cholesterol g/l  
HDL g/l  
Type 1  
20%  
61,5  
72,77  
1,930  
0,323  
1,613  
0,36  
Type 2  
80%  
Total  
100%  
58,875  
70,49  
1,584  
0,271  
1,879  
0,48  
Standards  
-
-
-
0,7-1,1 g/l  
0,10-0,55 g/l  
⩽.2 g/l  
⩾0,4g/l  
6-12 mg/l  
58,218  
69,92  
1,4975  
0,253  
1,932  
0,50  
Creatinine mg/l  
Uric acid mg/l  
8, 625  
66,9  
6,518  
48,88  
7,00  
54,430  
35-70  
g/l  
1
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Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages: 1068-1074  
From this result we noticed that the creatinine  
concentrations increase with age and the creatinine  
concentrations in people over 60 years are more than that  
recorded in people under 60 years [24]. (Figure 7).  
(figure 9), high HDL cholesterol levels are considered to  
promote protection against cardiovascular complications,  
including coronary heart disease.  
0
.6  
0
.5  
3
2
2
1
1
0
5
0
5
0
5
0
0.5  
0.4  
0.3  
0.2  
0.1  
0
creatinine type 1  
creatinine type 2  
0.36  
type 1  
type 2  
Axis Title  
4
3 47 50 50 51 54 55 57 57 58 58 60 60 64 66 68 74  
Age  
Figure 9: Mean HDL values by type of diabetes  
Figure 7: Creatinine values by type of diabetics as a function of age  
In our population, we have noticed that cholesterol levels  
increase with age, and people between the ages of 65 and 80  
have higher cholesterol levels than others. (Fig 7-8), we note  
here that we recorded that the result of total cholesterol in  
diabetic patients is normal, it can be said that our patients are  
aware of the disadvantages of cholesterol on health more  
precisely cardiovascular diseases and kidney failure and the  
second thing may be that our patients stick to their diet so it's  
a conscious and educated society.  
3
.9 Total cholesterol  
Total cholesterol (abbreviation CT) includes HDL  
cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. It is often the first  
assessment requested by the doctor. The results should  
generally have a rate less than or equal to 2.00 g / l, with  
certain tolerances depending on the age of the patient. The  
total cholesterol results of our study show that the average  
total cholesterol in type 2 diabetics is 1.93, it seems higher  
than that of type 1 diabetics (1.61) [25]. The results show that,  
in type two diabetics, the average levels of all the parameters  
3
.10 Uric acid  
The result of uric acid shows that type 1 diabetics have a  
(
fasting glucose, urea, creatinine and uric acid) are lower than  
mean uric acid (66.91 mg/l) higher than that of type 2  
diabetics (48.88 mg/l). It is noted here that both values are  
normal (35 - 70) (mg / l). It should be noted that the analysis  
of the uric acid concentration will make it possible to detect  
the risk of gout disease or evaluate the functioning of the  
kidneys [27].  
those recorded in type 1 diabetics. On the other hand, mean  
levels of cholesterol total and HDL in type 2 diabetics are  
higher than those seen in type 1 diabetics. In the population, it  
is noticed that cholesterol levels increase with age, and people  
aged 65 to 80 have a higher cholesterol level than others. (Fig  
8
), it is noted here that after recording the result of total  
cholesterol in diabetic patients is normal [26].  
8
0
0
3
66.9  
7
cholesterol type 1  
cholesterol type 2  
2
1
0
.5  
2
60  
4
8.88  
50  
40  
30  
20  
10  
0
.5  
1
.5  
0
type 1  
type 2  
4
3
47 50 50 51 54 55 57 57 58 58 60 60 64 66  
Figure 10: The average values of uric acid  
Age  
Figure 8: Total cholesterol by type of diabetes by age  
It is concluded that in type 2 diabetics the average levels  
of all the parameters (fasting glucose, urea, creatinine and uric  
acid) are lower than those recorded in type 1 diabetics. On the  
other hand, the average levels of total cholesterol and HDL in  
type 2 diabetics are higher than those in type 1 diabetics,  
which probably accounted for the absence of cardiovascular  
complications in these patients and age is considered a risk  
factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases.  
3
.9 HDL cholesterol  
HDL cholesterol is composed of lipoproteins that carry  
cholesterol from the arteries to the liver. It is often called  
good cholesterol" because it helps prevent the build up of  
cholesterol in the blood vessels. HDL results show that the  
average HDL value in type 2 diabetics (0,50 mg/l) is higher  
than the average HDL value in type 1 diabetics (0,36 mg/l)  
"
1
072  
Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages: 1068-1074  
2
52  
250.66  
3
.11 Comparison of the different cellular elements of blood  
that are white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets  
between type 1 diabetics and type 2 diabetics:  
250  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
48  
46  
44  
42  
40  
38  
36  
34  
32  
30  
As completive step, we have made comparison of the  
different blood cellular measures; white blood cells, red blood  
cells and platelets, between type 1 diabetics and type 2  
diabetics for know investigates extent of the relationship the  
numbers of blood cells and the disease of diabetics.  
Hematological analyzes between type 1 and type 2 diabetics  
are shown in Table 3.  
2
38  
3
.12 The white blood cell count  
type 1  
type 2  
The study of hematological analyzes shows that the two  
average values of white blood cell count in the two types of  
diabetic are normal (4-10 x10 / l). Note that type 1 diabetics  
Figure 12: Average platelet values  
9
have an average white blood cell count is higher 6.96 versus  
4
Conclusion  
5
.5 for type 2 diabetics. The result of white blood cell counts  
The work was carried out on a population of 40 diabetic  
indicates whether there is bacterial infection or an  
a
people, we observed a slight difference in mean values of each  
parameter tested between the two types of diabetes. Our  
results show that in type 2 diabetics the average levels of all  
parameters (fasting glucose, urea, creatinine and uric acid) are  
lower than those recorded in type 1 diabetics. However,  
average cholesterol levels total and HDL in type 2 diabetics  
are higher than those recorded in type 1 diabetics, which  
probably explained the absence of cardiovascular  
complications in the latter. Our results show that age appears  
to be a risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. The  
white blood cell, red blood cell and platelet count results show  
that our patients do not have a problem with bacterial  
infection, rheumatism, anemia or blood clotting. These results  
demonstrate the impact of diabetes on the human body. It is a  
painful disease for the patient, with sometimes dramatic  
repercussions on the physiological balance. People with  
diabetes must do an analysis of many biochemical parameters  
inflammatory syndrome, such as rheumatism. This study  
shows that our patients do not have these complications [29].  
3
.13 The rate of red blood cells  
Hematological analyzes show that type 1 diabetics have a  
slightly higher average red blood cell count of 4.72 compared  
to 4.39 for type 2 diabetics (Tab. 3), but both values are  
normal (4- 5.3 x109 / l). This result shows that our patients do  
not have anemia problem.  
3
.14 The platelet count  
The platelet count results show that the average value of  
platelet count in type 2 diabetics (250.66) is higher than the  
average value of platelet count in type 1 diabetics (238).  
Generally, if the platelet count is low, it can disrupt the blood  
clotting process in the event of a hemorrhage [30]. These  
values are normal.  
(blood sugar level, lipid balance, renal balance ... etc.)  
regularly and several times a year in order to carry out a  
diagnosis and proper monitoring of their disease. The diabetic  
patient must follow a healthy lifestyle mainly by adapting  
food and increasing physical activity to live better with  
diabetes. Our study shows that the average urea level in type 1  
diabetics (0.32) is higher than that in type 2 diabetics (0.25)  
but the two values remain normal (0.20-0 , 50), high urea in  
1
1
1
1
6
4
2
0
8
6
4
2
0
1
4
1
3.36  
type 1  
6.96  
type 2  
the blood may be sign of kidney damage  
a
5
.5  
4.72  
4.39  
(glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, ischemia), uremic  
syndrome (destruction of red blood cells), heart damage,  
dehydration, gastrointestinal bleeding. The increase in serum  
creatinine indicates a decrease in glomerular filtration rate,  
and therefore in renal failure. This study remains preliminary,  
it requires other in-depth studies. In this context, it would be  
interesting to continue the research by undertaking work on a  
larger population to seek the factors which influence diabetes  
disease in order to ultimately raise awareness and reduce the  
number of diabetic populations in people of the world.  
GB x 109 /l  
GR x 1012/l  
HGB g/dl  
Figure 11: The average values of GR (Red blood cells), GB (White  
blood cells), HGB (Hemoglobin)  
Table 3: The rate of white blood cells, red and platelets  
Type of diabetes 1 Type of diabetes 2 Normal value [28]  
9
9
9
White blood cells x 10 /l  
5,5  
6,96  
4,39  
between 4x10 and 10 x 10 /l  
1
2
12  
12  
Red blood cells x 10 /l  
4,72  
between 4 x 10 and 5,3x 10 /l  
The normal value is 13.5 to 17.5 g / dl in men and 12.5 to  
HGB g/dl  
14,0  
238  
13,36  
250  
1
5.5 g / dl in women  
9
9
9
between 150 x 10 and 400x10 /l  
Platelets x10 /l  
1
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Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques  
2020, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages: 1068-1074  
acceptor and fabrication of amperometric uric acid sensors with  
use of a redox ladder polymer. Analytical chemistry, 1999;  
Acknowledgements  
The authors thank the head of the biochemistry laboratory  
of the national hygiene institute of Rabat. Special thanks must  
be addressed to the director of the rabat hygiene institutethe  
authors would like to thank my fellow Biochemistry lab  
colleagues for their invaluable help and especially Madame  
fatiha and Charadi.  
7
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Authors are aware of, and comply with, best practice in  
publication ethics specifically with regard to authorship  
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Competing interests  
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