Evaluation of Utilizing the Magnetic Techniques to Treat the Sulfuric Water Resources in Nineveh Governrate / Iraq

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages: 1416-1419

J. Environ. Treat. Tech.

ISSN: 2309-1185

Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com

https://doi.org/10.47277/JETT/8(4)1419

Evaluation of Utilizing the Magnetic Techniques to

Treat the Sulfuric Water Resources in Nineveh

Governrate / Iraq

Ayham Taha Al-Rawi*

Northern Technical University / Technical Institute in Mosul

Received: 12/05/2020

Accepted: 05/08/2020

Published: 20/09/2020

Abstract

The sulfuric water in Iraq is considered one of the polluted water resources due to their high sulfur contents which reach about (1000

ppm) in Iraqi sulfur springs which consider more than the permitted rate in the global scale limiting (200-400 ppm). So, this study was

conducted to treat the water of the sulfur springs by using magnetic techniques, through the identification of the physical and chemical

traits before and after treatment as well as determining the validity of these types of water for different uses. The Mosul city contains

several sulfur water springs which located in (A) Mosul dam area, (B) area of Ein Kebriet in the center of Mosul, and (C) area of the

Hammam-Alalil, where the sulfur water causes contamination of the surface water due to flowing towards the Tigris River. So, magnetic

techniques were applied; where the sulfur water was passed for a period of (15 and 30 minutes), through a closed mgnetic circuit of a

device which generates a magnetic field of (1000 Gauss). We found, that after the treatment by the magnetic techniques the physical

characteristics changed when the yellow sulfur color disappeared and converted to the transparent color. Also, the sulfuric odor

disappeared while the chemical properties such as the pH values found its change; in the site (A) from 6 to 7.1, in the site (B) from 6.5

to 7.4 and in the site (C) from 9 to 8.4. Moreover, electric conductivity (EC) decreased; in site (A) from 1721 ppm to 17 ppm, in the site

(

B) from 1414 ppm to 15 ppm and in the site (C) from 871 ppm to (9) while the total dissolved solids (TDS) values increased in the

3 3 3 3 3

site (A) from 3.5×10 ppm to 3.8×10 ppm, in the site (B) from 2.8×10 ppm to 3.1×10 ppm and in the site (C) from 1.7×10 ppm to

.8×10 ppm. Due to the efficiency of treatment by increasing the solubility of water contents, and decreased the sulfate values (SO ) in

site (A) from 1392 ppm to 144, in site (B) from 945 ppm to 95 ppm and in site (C) from 247 to 26, due to their conversion to hydrogen

sulfide gas and their volatilization in the atmosphere, which is caused by a fault odor in the laboratory. Thus, the flowing of the treated

water to the river contributes in the enrichment of surface water, also possible for its investment in agricultural irrigation.

Keywords: Magnetic techniques, Sulfuric water, Nineveh governorate, Iraq

Introduction¹

and semi-arid areas such as Iraq, poses a major threat to all

aspects of development where water resources suffer from

many changes in physical and chemical properties which

caused by water pollution. Since the majority of industrial

constructions and hospitals are built on the banks of rivers. So,

the flow of industrial, health and agricultural wastewater to

river basins and the absence of partial or total treatment units

as well as the loss of optimal and efficient use of water in

agriculture (the most water-consuming sector of up to 80%),

The water resources are an environmental components of

the biosphere, interacting with life and economic - social

development, where achieving water security means achieving

food security. Iraq is located in the semi-arid regions; water

resources in Iraq have faced many threats and a lot of damages,

especially from neighboring countries such as; Iran, Turkey and

Syria, by establishing dams on the sources of rivers. Besides

the drought of the marshes in south of Iraq which constitutes

half of the water bodies. The issue of water scarcity and

pollution in Iraq is one of the most important environmental

issues because of its close association with human, agriculture

and biodiversity. The problem of water scarcity and poor

quality has emerged as a result of population growth, climate

change, increasing of human activity, non-rationalization of

water consumption and technological progress which caused

pollution & depletion of water resources. That leads us to say

that, the desalinated water and treated water are growing water

resources with the time and with the meet of increasing

population growth and human progress, unlike traditional water

resources that are often limited and prone to depletion and

pollution. The increase in demand for water, especially in arid

which requires techniques of

rationalization of water

consumption using sprinkler and drip irrigation systems. The

treatments of sulfur water, as well as the recycling of domestic

and industrial wastewater and its use in agriculture, reducing

the burden on the freshwater resources. Sulfur water contains

solids, soluble gases and suspended materials, where the

quality of these components depend on biological and

environmental factors, which are subject to changes resulting

from the interaction of water with its environment directly. The

classification and evaluation of sulfuric water depend on

concentrations of the chemical components on which this water

is classified, such as sulfuric content, salinity, pH and

alkalinity. And the treatment of sulfur water has become an

Corresponding author: Ayham Taha Al-Rawi, Northern Technical University / Technical Institute in Mosul. E-mail:

atalrawi@ntu.edu.iq

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2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages: 1416-1419

important need to raise the productivity and development of

water resources in Iraq [1, 2]. This water contains a high

polluted water and passing it mechanically through filters to

mix the water with ozone gas that dissolves the pollutants in the

water into its components Initial, increasing oxygen levels to

make them drinkable. In addition to that, the method of

ultraviolet rays: it is a modern technology that has proven

effective in eliminating bacteria and polluting organisms in the

water that are resistant to disinfectant chemicals, as the water

in the tanks or special stones is exposed to ultraviolet rays

without contacting it to eliminate the DNA Of each bacterial

organism, or the water is passed through ultraviolet tubes. Also

there is Ultrasound method: This technology is called an

environmentally friendly technology for water purification, as

it does not leave any harmful side effects to the environment,

and the water is purified by it by transmitting ultrasound waves

to the water at high frequencies that exceed the ability of human

hearing that leads to the killing of large proportions of bacterial

organisms that pollute the water [15].

amount of sulfurs (SO

hydrogen sulfide gas (H

), which is emitted into the air as

S), which emitted foul-smelling like

rotten eggs [3]. The most important areas where sulfuric water

is present in several of Nineveh governorate in Iraq as in Mosul

dam project in North of Nineveh governorate, Ain Kebriet area

in the old Mosul in the center of Nineveh governorate and

Hammam Alalil area in South of Nineveh governorate. Water

comes out very boiling and from different places where it cures

many diseases such as psoriasis, rheumatism and arthritis, and

helps to heal wounds that affect the skin [4]. Necessary to

benefit from sulfur water with high sulfur content and to invest

its water fully for irrigation use to be addressed and reduce the

concentration of mineral salts, especially sulfur content within

the suitable level for the irrigation. Magnetic technology is a

simple attempt to imitate what happens in nature precisely

because water when passes through the natural magnetic field

become more active so that the process of magnetization

reorganizes water charges and the form of these charges is

random in normal and contaminated water. The magnetic

treatment of water doesn't actually magnetize water and this is

considered a commonly wrong idea. Water is not magnetized;

it is subjected to a strong magnetic field. However, as with all

liquids, it possesses the properties of electromagnetic materials,

when exposed to a magnetic field, water will produce a weak

magnetic field in the opposite direction, therefore; modified

water, air-conditioned water or magnetically treated water is

the correct expression to avoid common mistakes [5]. Currently

appearance the application of magnetic techniques is used in

various fields of life such as medicine, agriculture,

transportation, aviation, space research and many important

areas such as water desalination and purification [6]. Studies

about investing sulfuric water after treatment with the use of

modern technologies is so rare, and the information about the

use of them for irrigation is not available enough to rely on, so

the current study was selected to enhance that information. In

a study of treatment of industrial wastewater for the factories

of spinning and fabric and tanneries in Nineveh governorate

before flows in Tigris river basin in the city of Mosul, the

results showed after the magnetic treatment of samples of water

How to magnetize water and theories of magnetization:

water is

a polymagnetic substance, and it bears the

paramagnetic properties of 15% due to the presence of positive

and negative ions dissolved in the water. Diamagnetic materials

are characterized by complete orbits when exposed to a

magnetic field, as they are weakly scattered with water

molecules perpendicular to the lines of magnetic flux.

Industrial water is treated using devices called (magnetrons)

which have different magnetic intensities, one of which is

monopole called (magnetizer) used in the medical field a lot,

and the dipole (diamagnetic) is used in the industrial field and

contains the north (-) and south poles (+) The poles are placed

at a certain angle, facing each other, and the water passes so

that the water molecules are perpendicular to the magnetic flux

lines. There are two physical theories that are the most common

in explaining the phenomenon of magnetization; they are

Quantum theory and Hydrodynamic theory [16].

Materials and Methods

This study was made at the Technical Institute / Mosul in

the department of water resources techniques. Three areas were

selected from Nineveh governorate which contained sulfuric

water. The first (A) Mosul dam area, the second (B) Ain

Kebriet area in center of Mosul, and the third (C) Hammam

Alalil in southern of Nineveh governorate. Twenty litters of

sulfuric water from each above area were taken as samples for

test and stored at 25°C, and then laboratory analysis was

achieved to determine the characteristics of sulfuric water.

Sulfuric water analysis was performed for all three types (A, B,

C) by laboratory tests of physical and chemical properties by

using the methods of analysis mentioned in [10, 11, 12]. The

physical properties for all samples of sulfuric water (color and

smell) were studied as well as chemical properties (pH,

electrical conductivity (Ec), total dissolved solids (TDS) and

positive impact on treatment water qualities and

recommended to using that treated water for agrarian irrigation

7]. It was also found, that the magnetic technology showed the

[

ability to remove all spores in bacterial count in sewage

wastewater which have dangerous diseases on human beings,

and the experimental tests show the ability of different

magnetic flux densities 500, 1000 & 1500 Gauss to reduce all

types of bacteria under study with retention time of 10 min. and

0 min. [8]. It was also found that using nanotechnology, palm

charcoal as cheap stuff, and simple techniques for treating rich

sulfuric spring water in the Hitt area (Ramadi, west Iraq) on the

Euphrates River. The results showed high efficiency in the

disposal of sulfur ions and the improvement of some Physical

and chemical properties of water after treatment. In this study,

the efficiency of removing sulphate ion from sulfuric water was

(

). For (pH, Ec and TDS were measured by (pH, Ec, TDS

) estimated by means of the gravimetric

digital meter) and (SO

method. The following describes the equipment and materials

used, that the Magnetism consists of three magnetic rods (1000

Gs, 2000 Gs and 3000 Gs – Gs is Gauss) respectively. These

magnetic rods are connected to a network of metal.tubes that

are closed and opened by taps so that each pole can be operated

separately. In order to pass water to the magnetic rod, it is

placed in a basin then a suitable water pump is placed with

plastic pipes in a way that allows the water to pass through a

closed circuit during the duration of this process. The

experiments were carried out through encoding the samples

before starting the processing. After taking the samples of the

sulfuric water from the three areas, the samples were marked

9% [9].

Recently, many modern methods have appeared for the

purpose of treatment, including the use of ozone gas: it is a

highly oxidizing chemical that appeared as an alternative to

chlorine (that have side effects on human health) where some

experts linked it to cancer. And ozone gas has proven its great

ability to purify water If it is used in the correct proportions

without increasing or decreasing, as the increase in its

percentage works to chemical reactions with some compounds,

and the water is purified by it by filling special tanks with

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2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages: 1416-1419

with (A) for the area of the Mosul dam project and (B) for the

area of Ein Kebriet, (C) for Hammam - Alalil area. For physical

tests (color and smell) and Chemical tests (pH, EC, TDS and

the ability of magnetic processing to dissolve the saline sulfurs

molecules and release hydrogen ion into water, where the

Electric conductivity ( Ec) decreased; in site (A) from (1721

ppm) to (17 ppm), in site (B) from (1414 ppm) to (15 ppm)

and in site (C) from (871 ppm) to (9).

Industries and Oil Refining Division at the Technical Institute

Mosul when the implementation of treatment was achieved by

), which were reached at the laboratory of the Chemical

3- Total dissolved solids (TDS): Values increased to (6%-8%)

when using the magnetic techniques , because process of

magnetization contributes in the deposition of many substances

,which total dissolved solid (TDS) values are increased in site

using the magnetic technique, where the magnetization of

sulfuric water samples was carried out on two levels of the

period of time (15 and 30 minutes) by magnetic field (1000 Gu)

where the water characteristics were measured before and after

magnetization and figure (1) shows the device of magnetic

techniques which was used in treating the sulfuric water in all

regions.

(A) from (3.5×10 ppm) to (3.8×10 ppm), in site (B) from

(2.8×10 ppm) to (3.1×10 ppm) and in site (C) from (1.7×10

ppm) to (1.8×103 ppm), the matter which led to the efficiency

of treatment by increasing the solubility of water contents.

- Sulfate ion (SO ): the Sulfate values (SO ) decreased in the

4 4

(A) from (1392 ppm) to (144), in the (B) from (945 ppm) to (95

ppm) and in site (C) from (247) to (26). Sulfate contributes to

the formation of permanent acidity in water, especially in the

form of calcium sulphate or magnesium, and is included in

saline elements. It is clear from the results that the most specific

qualities of sulfuric water do not meet the international

standards and is not recommended to be used in normal

condition only after being treated with the best method of

environmental protection, both on the level of the biosphere to

dispose the causes of pollution to add an additional water

resource for the river beside some secondary uses, and that is

one way to solve the problem of water depletion and pollution.

Tables (1) and (2) showed all values decreased except for the

values of total dissolved solids which increased as a result of

melting and disintegration of particles.

Figure 1: Local magnetic device

Results and discussion

Generally, water resources suffer from depletion and

Finally, the study showed that it is necessary to make

sulfuric water treatment by using magnetic technology in order

to use the treated water in some fields or aspects of life such as

agricultural irrigation, where the discharge of treated water to

the river contributes in the enrichment of surface water which

coincides with the findings of some previous studies which

assert, that the magnetic field has a clear impact on the values

of pH , TDS and EC with different flow rates when slower flow

rates have better effect for water treatment than faster flow

rates. On the other hand, increasing the time of passing through

of the water through the PWTD raised the efficiency of

treatment. Exposing water to a wider area of the magnetic field

will increase the changes in water properties. The flow rate of

(0.1) lit/sec with three times of passing (3x) increased pH, EC

in average by 3.7%, 9.6% respectively [13, 14]. When we

compare all results of our study with [7], we find that they are

more identical, where all chemical and physical properties of

industrial water decreased by using magnetic technology to

more than 90%. Also if we compare our study with another

modern technology treatment for sulfuric water, and in

magnetic technology [8] and nanotechnology as in [9], we

notice the consistency of the results demonstrated high

efficiency in removing the sulfur ion and improving some of

the physical and chemical properties of the water after

treatment, reached 99% compared to the concentrations before

treatment. The insufficiently treated of polluted water causes

into the water the pollution and change the properties of water,

these changes are expressed in particular in the appearance of

unpleasant odors, flavors, color change also the changes in the

Chemical composition of water such as Acidic number (PH),

Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand,

turbidity, Sulphate, Phosphates, Nitrates, Nitrite, Chloride. Due

to for technological development, it is possible minimizing the

harmful impact of human activities on water resources, the key

must be treatment of polluted for water.

pollution. So, it requires achieving sustainable development for

the water resources by developing contaminated water

treatment techniques, which the sulfur water is one of its parts.

Therefore, this study was carried out for the sake of treating the

sulfuric water in Iraq by the available techniques. Table 1

shows the values of the quality tests made to the sulfuric water

samples of the three regions before treatment in order to

compare them with the results obtained after the treatment

process by magnetic techniques. Table 2 shows the values of

the quality tests carried out to the sulfuric water samples of the

three regions after treatment by using magnetic technology for

(

15 minutes and 30 minutes) as they are indicated to in Table

Regarding the chemical properties when comparing in

tables (1) and (2), and based on global standards. It was

concluded through the tests of chemical properties which have

performed after treatment by magnetic techniques are the

following where:

- The pH values: tended towards neutralization after treatment

with the magnetic techniques, that the duration of treatment

with magnetization (15 and 30 minutes) was sufficient to cause

the neutralization process, with the exception of water in the

Hammam- alalil bath (C) that may need a longer period or a

greater magnetic field strength, where the PH value changed ;

In site (A) from (6) to (7.1) , in site (B) from (6.5) to (7.4) and

in site (C) from (9) to (8.4)., due to their conversion to hydrogen

sulfide gas and their volatilization in the atmosphere, which

caused a fault odor in the laboratory . Thus, the flowing of

treated water to the river contributes in the enrichment of

surface water, and the treatment of sulfuric water by magnetic

techniques in order to use it in agricultural irrigation.

(

- Electrical conductivity (EC): showed decrease in values to

99%) through comparing tables (1) and (2); this indicates that

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Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages: 1416-1419

Table 1: Results of quality tests before treatment (EC, TDS and SO in ppm)

Sample

Chemical tests

TDS

Physical tests

Color

Smell

Transparent yellow

Chemical

6.00

6.50

9.00

1721

1414

871

3.5×10

2.8×10

1.7×10

1392.00

945.00

247.00

Table 2: Results of quality tests after treatment (Magnetic technology) (EC, TDS and SO

in ppm)

Sample

Chemical tests

TDS

Physical tests

7.20

7.10

7.50

Color

Smell

AM-15

AM-30

BM-15

Transparent

Very acceptable

17.00

16.90

15.00

3.7×10

3.8×10

144.00

141.00

101.00

3.0×10

Transparent

Very acceptable

7.40

8.70

8.40

15.80

9.00

9.08

3.1×10³

1.8×10³

95.00

33.00

26.00

BM-30

CM-15

CM-30

For achievement of sustainable water development, the

main object of sewage treatment process is to remove the

various constituents of the polluting materials such as solids,

organic carbon, nutrients, inorganic salts, metals, pathogens

etc. The study [17], offered some apparatus that provides the

process of polluted water treatment techniques such as;

Suspension centrifuge, Horizontal centrifuge with pulsating

piston, Centrifuge with inertial discharge of sediment, Drum

vacuum filter, Disc Vacuum Filter, Carousel and suction filter,

Belt filter and Centrifugal filter. These apparatus decrease all

polluted water properties as in our study, but our technology is

simple and more sufficient more economic.

5. Almosuli M. Magnetized water. Dar Alyazouri scientific

publishing and distribution, Amman, Jordan. 2013;1(1).

Alfeeli, B , Ma ’ moun A, Ali B, Haider A, Mohamed A , Zouhair

M. A review of nanotechnology development in the Arab World.

Nanotechnol

Rev.

2013;2(3):359–377.

https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2012-0070

Ayham T. The use of magnetic technology in the treatment of

industrial waste water from spinning & weaving and tanning

factories in Nineveh to benefit from them in agriculture and

irrigation. Agricultural Journal, University of Tikrit, Iraq.

011;10(2):138-142.

Sufyan M, Khalid A, Ahmed A, Ahmed J, Ahmed Al. Magnetized

water and its effects on the reduction of the microbial content of

sewage wastewater. Iraqi journal of science and technology.

013;4(2):64-69.

Zedan T, Emad A, Mohammed S, Mohammed W. Development of

an economical way to remove sulfur in sulfuric water using

activated charcoal from palm kernel. Pure sciences Journal,

University of Alanbar, Iraq. 2012;6(3):34-48.

Ethical issue

Authors are aware of, and comply with, best practice in

publication ethics specifically with regard to authorship

(avoidance of guest authorship), dual submission, manipulation

0. Jabro A, Amul M. Health chemistry. Foundation of Technical

Institutes, Ministry of higher education and scientific. 1993.

of figures, competing interests and compliance with policies on

research ethics. Authors adhere to publication requirements

that submitted work is original and has not been published

elsewhere in any language.

11. Abawi S, Mohammed S. Practical Engineering of the

Environment, Water Testing. Dar al-Hikma for Printing and

Publishing, Mosul, Iraq. 1990.

2. APHA, WPCF, AWWA. Standard Methods for the Examination

of Water and Wastewater. 20 ed., Washington, D.C. 1998.

Competing interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that

would prejudice the impartiality of this scientific work.

3. Kadhim N, Ahmed R. Experimental Study of Magnetization

Effect on Ground Water Properties. Jordan Journal of Civil

Engineering. 2018;12(2):254-262.

4. Tariq N. The effect of magnetic field on the solubility of NaCl and

CaCl

Journal

https://doi.org/10.33762/bagrs.2012.54751

.2(H

O) at different temperature and pH values. Basrah

of Agricultural Sciences. 2012;25(1):19-26.

Authors’ contribution

All authors of this study have a complete contribution for

data collection, data analyses and manuscript writing.

5. McCooke, N, West J. The Coagulation of Kaolinite Suspension

with aluminum Sulfate. Water research. 1978;12(10):793-798.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(78)90029-5

6. Sulav A. Aspects of benefiting from magnetized water technology

in agriculture and public health in Iraq. Journal of the College of

Basic Education. 2016;22(94):481-500.

7. Alias M, Ayham T, Mohammed A. Negative Effect of Sewage

Water on Environment and Techniques of Treatment. International

Journal of Management and Applied Science. 2019;5(1):46-50.

IRAJ DOI Number - IJMAS-IRAJ-DOI-14979

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