Evaluation of the Biological and Ecological Characteristics of Plants Tulipa Biebersteiniana Schult. Et schult. Fil. Thelocal Population of the Belgorod Region

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages: 1385-1389

J. Environ. Treat. Tech.

ISSN: 2309-1185

Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com

https://doi.org/10.47277/JETT/8(4)1389

Evaluation of the Biological and Ecological

Characteristics of Plants Tulipa Biebersteiniana

Schult. Et schult. Fil. Thelocal Population of the

Belgorod Region

1,2

1,3

Tatyana N. Glubsheva *, Nikolay I. Sidelnikov , Vladimir I. Cherniavskih , Elena V.

Dumacheva , Svetlana E. Grigorenko

Belgorod State University 85, Pobedy St., Belgorod, 308015, Russia

All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 7, Grina St., Moscow, 117216, Russia

All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology 5 Ownership, Institute St., r.p. Big Vyazemy, Odintsovo district, Moscow region, 143050,

Russia

Received: 22/04/2020

Accepted: 03/08/2020

Published: 20/09/2020

Abstract

The problem of identification and determination of the habitat of the Red book species Tulipa biebersteiniana is revealed. A

morphological description of the species found on the territory of the Belgorod region is given. Through the assessment of morphometric

features, numerical characteristics of populations, parameters of life strategy, the hypothesis of bioecological differences in populations

is put forward.

Keywords: Tulipa biebersteiniana, Red Book of the Belgorod region, Bulb, Local populations, Occurrence

Introduction¹

On the territory of the Belgorod region, there is one species

Formative processes are still ongoing, as evidenced by

discussions about the species belonging to individual

specimens, the discrepancy in the total number of species.

The taxonomy of the genus is extremely complex and is

associated with both objective and subjective factors. Types of

tulips are highly variable, frequent cases of hybridization. The

description of the species was carried out by various scientists,

that causes the subjectivity of perception of some features,

often unverified samples were used as standards. In different

years, the systematic structure was presented in different ways.

V. I. Vvedenskij [5] within the genus identified 6 sections

Tulipanum, Leoistemones, Spiranthera, Lophohyllon,

Eriostemones, Orithyia combining 63 species. Z.M. Silina [6]

notes 140 species in the genus. According to the curators of the

Kew Botanic gardens of the Royal horticultural society, the

genus Tulipa includes 76 species and is divided into four

subgenera: Clusianae (Baker) Zoon. Eriostemones (Bioss.)

Raamsd., Orithyia (D. Don) Baker and Tulipa [7]. M. V.

Baranova [3] indicates the presence of more than 100 species

within the genus. Tulipa biebersteiniana Schult. Et Schult. fil.

is an East European – Asian species, a stolon-forming oligo -

or polycarpic spring ephemeroid-geophyte. The first

description was given in 1829 by father and son Shultes based

on samples from the North Caucasus. The species was named

after one of the first collectors, the prominent Russian botanist

F. K. Biberstein-Marshal, who studied the flora of the

Caucasus. Throughout its range, the species is highly variable

and Tulipa biebersteiniana is also referred to as Tulipa

graniticola (Klok.&Zoz) Klok., T. hypanica Klok.&Zoz., T.

ophiophylla subsp. Bestashica Klok.&Zoz., T. hypanica

of the genus Tulipa: bieberstein's Tulip (Tulipa biebersteiniana

Schult. Et Schult. Fil). The species is listed in the Red Book of

the Belgorod region with the category of rarity 2 "vulnerable" -

(VS). The Eurasian steppe species is declining in number and

in the number of localities [1]. The primary center of origin of

wild tulips is considered to be the steppe and mountainous

regions of Iran and the Tien Shan. They appeared for the first

time in the late Miocene – early Pliocene epoch, i.e. 10-20

million years ago, representatives of this genus spread to the

Western coast of southern Europe, North Africa, India, and

China [2]. Most species grow in Central Asia and Kazakhstan,

Iran, Afghanistan, the Mediterranean coast of Europe and North

Africa, and Asia Minor. Some types of tulips are also found in

the Caucasus, the Volga region, Western and Eastern Siberia,

and the North-Western regions of Mongolia and China [3]. The

dispersal of the Tulip led to the development of new conditions,

adaptation to them and the appearance of differences that reach

the level of species. According to M. V. Bochantseva [4], in the

former Soviet Union, there were three major centers of

formation. The first center was named desert-steppe, which

includes the Baldara, Balkhash, Kyzylkum and Karakum

regions. Species of European habitats are adjacent to this group.

They have a starry yellow flower, a certain number of narrow

leaves, polyploidy occurs. The second focus is defined by the

Tien Shan. The third major center is considered to be the Pamir-

Altai, with adjacent Turkmenistan and the Caucasus, whose

plants are distinguished by the presence of a crimson hue in the

petals, abundant pubescence of the integumentary scales [4].

Corresponding author: Tatyana N. Glubsheva, Belgorod State University 85, Pobedy St., Belgorod, 308015, Russia. E-mail:

glubsheva@bsu.edu.ru

385

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages: 1385-1389

Klok.&Zoz., T. ophiophylla subsp. Graniticola Klok.&Zoz, T.

quercetorum (Klok.&Zoz), T. scythica (Klok.&Zoz) [8].

Common habitats, the ability to form interspecific hybrids, and

the peculiarities of biology raise doubts among biologists of

different specialties. Discussions about the relationship and

unity of these species are now intensified in connection with

the use of new genetic methods [9-16].

Material and Methods

The methodological basis of the research was the theory of

the formation of a secondary anthropogenic Microgen center of

formation in the South of the Central Russian upland [20-22].

The study of the species was conducted for three years on the

territory of Veidelevsky and Krasnogvardeisky districts. In

total, 7 local populations were studied, 20 traits were evaluated,

and biological material was collected for further research. This

was laid on a stationary platform: the girder at Viktoropol

settlement, the tallweg in rural area Klimenki between the

girder “Upravitel'stvennaya” and the forest in the rural area

Klimenk, girder “Upravitel'stvennaya”, a shrub on top of the

girder of the rural area Malobykovo, the Budennovskij forest

edge in front of the city of Biryuch, the roadside of the new

road of the city of Biryuch, the forest of the rural area Klimenki.

The size of stationary platforms is 100 m . The research was

carried out during the flowering period-fruit formation. The

density was determined on 5-10 test plots with an area of 1 m ,

the occurrence was determined on 30 test sites, and the total

number of individuals in populations was determined taking

into account the occurrence.

The range of the species is quite extensive. It is found in

South-Eastern Europe (Romania, Transnistria), Eastern Europe

(Ukraine, Russia), southern North Asia (Turkey), South-

Western Asia (Northern Iran), the Caucasus (Georgia,

Azerbaijan). In Russia, the Tulipa biebersteiniana is found in

the territories of Astrakhan, Belgorod, Moscow, Volgograd,

Voronezh, Kurgan, Lipetsk, Orenburg, Penza, Rostov, Samara,

Saratov, Tambov, Ulyanovsk, Chelyabinsk regions, the

republics of Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kalmykia, Crimea,

Mordovia, North Ossetia-Alania, Tatarstan, the Chechen

Republic, as well as Krasnodar and Stavropol territories (Fig.

As can be seen from figure 1, the Belgorod region is the

territory of the North-Western range of the species. Within the

region, the species is found in the Eastern regions. Elinevsky

and Chaadaeva [17], Kolchanov, Gusev [18], Chernyavskikh

and Dumacheva [19] indicate the location of the species. The

purpose of our study was to find out the bioecological features

of local populations of Tulipa biebersteiniana on the border of

the range in various conditions of the Belgorod region. Tasks

are the following: (a) to identify morphometric differences

within the species within local populations; (b) to estimate the

number of species in the study areas; and (c) to determine the

life strategy of local populations.

Results and Discussion

All populations identified according to morphological

characteristics belong to the species Tulipa biebersteiniana and

correspond to the descriptions given by A. I. Vvedenskij [5], Z.

P. Bochantseva [4], I. A. Gubanov [23]. Plants are represented

by a small bulb and a short-term developing shoot. Plants 15-

3 cm high.

Figure 1: Area of Tulipa biebersteiniana (T.Glubsheva)

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Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages: 1385-1389

The aboveground part is represented by a single leaf or

shoot with two or three grooved leaves. Flower starry single,

drooping in the Bud. Leaves of a simple perianth are Golden-

yellow, outer on the outer side with a brownish-green tint. The

stamens are arranged in two circles, the stamens of the inner

circle are long, and the outer circle is short [24-26]. The flower

length is 2.6-3.3 cm (Fig. 2). This trait is relatively stable both

within populations and throughout the study. Young plants are

able to form stolons. A population consisting of pregenerative

individuals was found in the girder at Viktoropol village,

consisting of pregenerative, so it causes the average height of

about 15 cm and small bulbs 1.5 cm high, short and narrow

leaves. The occurrence of plants is 7 %, the density of 47 pieces

average 20 cm) were formed during intensive insolation and

insufficient moisture. 6 % of plants form a third leaf. The leaves

are relatively short and narrow. No stolons were found. 28% of

flowering plants (Table 1, 2, 3). Probably the life strategy of

this population is based on the implementation of the full life

cycle (seeds – seedlings - juvenile plants - immature plants -

virginal plants - generative plants - senile plants) [27-30]. The

seeds were discovered. A large population with occurrence

10%, rate and density of 55.3 pieces per m was found at the

girder the "Upravitel’stvennaya" in the village of Klimenki.

Plants are low-growing (21.5 cm), and do not form more than

two relatively short and narrow leaves. The population does not

differ from others by the size of the flower and bulb. There were

38 % of flowering plants, 46 % of all plants formed stolons, no

seeds were found (table 1, 2, 3). We assume that this population

realizes a shortened life cycle based on vegetative reproduction

(immature plants, virginal plants-generative plants-senile

plants). The population we found in talweg near the village of

Klimenki, which is formed by the forest and the girder

“Upravitel'stvennaya”, is young. There are 5% of flowering

plants, 9% of table-forming plants. Plants are small: height 23

cm, they form no more than 2 leaves, the leaf length is 20 and

14 cm with a width of 1.2 and 1.3 cm.

per m . Half of the plants formed stolons, which indicates the

number of immature and virginal plants. In the population 56

of plants are juvenile and senile (Table 1, 2, 3). The ratio in

the population of plants at different stages of ontogenesis

determines the shift of the age spectrum to the left. The absence

of flowering plants may be due to mechanical damage to large

generative bulbs during grazing.

The population at the forest edge in front of the entry of the

city of Biryuch is numerous with a density of 30.5 pieces per

m and a frequency of 10%. As this space is the edge of the

southern exposure, it is likely that low-growing plants (on

Figure 2: Tulipa biebersteiniana (Photo T. Glubsheva): (А) type of leaves on the inside and outside, (B) a comparison of the size of the leaf,

pistil and stamens, and (C) flowering plant under the tree of an adult Acer platanoides

Table 1: Morphometric features of Tulipa biebersteiniana (2018-2020)

Plant length

cm)

Flower length

(cm)

Bulb height

(cm)

The 1-st leaf

length, (cm)

The 1-st leaf

width, (cm)

Local populations

(

Girder, Victoropol, Rural area

15.0±1.01

1.5±0.11

13.4±0.98

1.0±0.14

Forest edge, the city of Biryuch

Girder, “Upravitel'stvennaya”

Tallweg, Klimenki, Rural area

Shrub on top of the girder

20.3±1.47

21.5±1.5

23.3±1.18

26.6±1.28

2.8±0.14

2.6±0.16

3.2±0.12

2.9±0.10

2.0±0.23

2.0±0.20

2.0±0.15

2.0±0.13

16.2±1.37

15.1±0.75

20.2±1.15

23.3±1.08

1.3±0.10

1.9±0.09

1.2±0.14

1.7±0.11

New road roadside

33.3±2.36

32.9±1.68

3.0±0.11

2.7±0.26

2.7±0.24

20.1±1.10

2.0±1.41

2.6±0.79

2.6±0.50

Forest, Klimenki, Rural area

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2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages: 1385-1389

Table 2: Numerical characteristics of Tulipa biebersteiniana populations (2018-2020)

Local populations

S (hа)

Density (PCs/m²) Occurrence (%)

Number (PCs)

Girder,Victoropol, rural area

0.95

0.88

0.02

1.08

0.5

47.0±0.54

18.6±0.23

22.5±0.32

30.5±0.45

55.3±0.43

10.3±0.83

35.35±0.45

31250

2620

Tallweg,Klimenki, rural area

Shrub on top of the girder Malobykovo rural area

forest edge, the city of Biryuch

Girder “Upravitel'stvennaya”

1250

32900

27650

3850

New road roadside, city of Biryuch

Forest, Klimenki, rural area

2.2

0.7

98980

Table 3: Life strategy of Tulipa biebersteiniana (2018-2020)

Local populations

Flowering (%)

Number of stolons (%)

Girder,Victoropol, rural area

Tallweg,Klimenki, rural area

Shrub on top of the girder Malobykovo rural area

Forest edge of the Budennovskij forest, the city of Biryuch

Girder “Upravitel'stvennaya”

New road roadside, city of Biryuch

Forest, Klimenki, rural area

The predominance of single-leaved and non-flowering

plants without stolons (juvenile) indicates the implementation

of a full life cycle based on seed propagation. The population

is developing, but is still small with a 16% of occurrence and a

55 PCs/1m , the occurrence also varies from 7 to 40%. The left-

side age spectrum dominates in five populations. There are up

to 38% of pregenerative objects in these populations. The

predominance of the generative age spectrum (52% and 65%)

was found in two populations. The presence of stolon-forming

plants indicates a life strategy of expanding the habitat by self-

support through vegetative reproduction with the rejuvenation

of descendants. Based on published data and evaluating the

results of our own measurements, we can identify populations

that tend to dry habitats. These low-growing plants with fewer

relatively small leaves tend to have a steppe morphotype. At the

same time, in the shrub, under the forest canopy, there are larger

plants with a large number of leaves of the forest morphotype.

In general, the studied populations of Tulipa biebersteiniana

are in good and excellent condition. The information obtained

complements the information about the current geographical

distribution and population structure of the species. Perhaps, on

the Northern border of the area there are forming processes with

adaptation to the steppe and forest types.

density of 47.0 units per m (Table 1, 2, 3).

In the shrub on the top of the beam at the village of

Malobykovo, the smallest (1250 pieces) population of Tulipa

biebersteiniana was found with an occurrence of 28% and a

density of 22.5 pieces per m (Table 1,2,3). The life spectrum

is left-sided, flowering plants is only 11%, while stolon-

forming plants is 44%. The stable presence of the population

for more than 20 years in this place indicates the predominance

of vegetative reproduction in the life cycle. Plants are about 27

cm tall and can form a third leaf. The length of the first leaf is

3 cm, the second is 13 cm, the third is 10 cm with a width of

.7 cm, 1.3 cm, 0.8 cm, respectively. One of the discovered

populations was located on the side of a new road. We have

identified tall plants (33 cm) with a large bulb (2.7 cm in

diameter) that can form the third leaf. This population has a

right-sided age spectrum (52% of flowering plants). The soil in

which Tulip grew land previous years was used for the

construction of the road. Some small plants probably died, that

causes the high average of morphometric values for plants that

are under intensive insolation and not sufficiently moistened.

Ethical issue

Authors are aware of, and comply with, best practice in

publication ethics specifically with regard to authorship

(avoidance of guest authorship), dual submission, manipulation

The occurrence is 17 % and the density is 10 pieces per m

of figures, competing interests and compliance with policies on

research ethics. Authors adhere to publication requirements

that submitted work is original and has not been published

elsewhere in any language.

(

Table 1, 2, 3).

The population in the forest near the village of Klimenki

was located directly under the trees (Fig. 3). There are plants

with an average height of 33 cm there. The plants (15%) form

the third and the fourth leaves. The leaves are longer and wider

than in other populations. The population is large with 40%

Competing interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that

would prejudice the impartiality of this scientific work.

occurrence and the density of 35.4 pieces per m (table 1, 2, 3).

It has a right-sided age spectrum (65% of flowering plants). The

number of stolon forming plants is 30%.

Authors’ contribution

All authors of this study have a complete contribution for

data collection, data analyses and manuscript writing.

Conclusion

The studied populations are different in number. Some

populations are numerous and consist of tens of thousands of

objects (the girder at the village of Viktoropol, the edge of the

forest at the city of Biryuch, the girder “Upravitel'stvennaya”,

the forest at the village of Klimenki). Others include just over

a thousand of pregenerative plants. The average density is 10-

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