Features of Display of Anxiety of Children Suffering from Psychosomatic Diseases

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages: 1516-1520

J. Environ. Treat. Tech.

ISSN: 2309-1185

Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com

https://doi.org/10.47277/JETT/1520

Features of Display of Anxiety of Children

Suffering from Psychosomatic Diseases

Mykola Didukh , Iryna Savenkova , Olena Kuznetsova , Iryna Litvinenko , Olesya Oleksyuk

Department of Psychology, Sukhomlynskyi Mykoaiv National University, Nikolaev, Ukraine

Department of Philogical, Sukhomlynskyi Mykoaiv National University, Nikolaev, Ukraine

Received: 18/02/2019

Accepted: 27/09/2020

Published: 20/12/2020

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the individually predetermined patterns and mechanisms of time spent by children

suffering from chronic non-communicable diseases of the cardiovascular system, and to identify the level of anxiety of such patients.

Method: the τ-type was determined for each patient by the method of chronometric test, for which the classical method of reproduction

of intervals of duration to = 2, 3, 4, 5s, set by the experimenter and reproduced by the electronic chronoscope with accuracy up to 0.001,

was used. with. Studies of the level and form of anxiety in CVD patients have shown that individuals in the experimental sample are

characterized by high levels of anxiety. At the same time, it is appropriate to emphasize that the individuals of the sangvidoid group are

dominated by the reactive form of anxiety and the melancholoid - by the personal one. The levels of anxiety are consistent with the

duration of the biological cycle of CVD patients. The maximum expressiveness of the level of anxiety of patients not only coincides

with the end of a quarter of long cycles and their ends, but also begins to recur with a period of 1/4 C, 1/2 C, 1/16 C, 3/4 C.

Keywords: Subjective time unit of the individual, Subjective perception of time, Chronopsychological prognosing

treating patients, indicate that each patient has a subjective

Introduction

perception of the disease, which significantly affects its

objective (physical) condition.In this analytical section, we

only note that there is a bilateral, but the unified character of

psychosomatic relations with the transition psychogenic in

Our previous studies emphasize that the legacy of

Hippocrates is far from the exhaustion [1 - 4]. It happened

historically that his basic idea of psychosomatic unity as the

main factor of temperament was vulgarly distorted. It is

understood that this brilliant thinker allegedly divided people

into four types by the criterion of the predominant fluid in the

body. In essence, he, having extensive experience in

monitoring patients, identified four types of temperament on

the basis of "prevalent" disease [5]. In "Lectures on the History

of Medicine" Professor F. Borodulin gives the view of

Guppocrates on the redistribution of typical diseases [6].

According to the last, cholerics suffer from their diseases, and

phlegmatics suffer from the opposite ones [6]. That is why in

Hippocrates' scheme these types are opposite. He further

emphasizes that sanguines suffer from their illnesses, but for

the manifestation of the flow of a disease the last are close to

cholerics. Melancholics are sick with their illnesses, and their

manifestation is similar to the picture of signs of the disease of

phlegmatic patients. In fact, there was a linear scheme of types

of temperament of Hippocrates, who believed that typical

somatogenic and Vice versa [9].

Considering these

relationships in dynamics, such a transition is natural.

Diseases such as «NCDs " include liver disease, gall

bladder, cardiovascular disease, kidney and reproductive

system diseases, stomach and intestines, respiratory system.

According to WHO, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is at the

forefront of the NCDs. А third of the planet's adult population

suffers from them.They are the cause of every second death,

every third disability. Therefore, the attention of doctors

around the world is riveted on the problem of CVD. Together

with psychologists, they conduct research to remove "risk

factors" that allegedly lead to cardiac catastrophes (myocardial

infarction). There are about thirty such factors, including well-

known constitutional (overweight, obesity), visceral

(

hypertension), behavioral (smoking, competitiveness, haste),

and typological differences (often latent aggression, increased

or high anxiety). Despite the detailed study of "risk factors",

scientists have come to the conclusion that they can explain

only half of cases of coronary heart disease (CHD) or its

clinical form - heart attack [10, 11]. Therefore, an important

point in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases is the

consideration of psychological aspects of prevention of these

diseases, the consideration of which were engaged Z. Naderi,

S. Gholamzaden, L. Zarshenas, and A. Ebadi [12].

Returning to the "risk factors", it is not difficult to

understand that they all form a psychosomatic unity. Let's say

we take such a psychic component of temperament as high

anxiety. The ambiguity and semantic ambiguity of this term in

prevalent" diseases are due to the composition of the psyche

of the individual. But, being a materialist in his own outlook,

he said that this psychic composition depends on the

predominance of one of the four fluids (the material base) in his

body.

On the other hand, according to Hippocrates, this

predominance determines the "prevalent" disease. Therefore,

the essence of the idea of the existence of four types with their

prevalent" diseases is that the signs of a disease in its original

forms can be detected in healthy individuals of these groups

and long before its manifestation in clinical form, as confirmed

by studies G. Desai [7], S.Chaturvedi [7], P. Fink [8]. Doctors,

Corresponding author: Mykola Didukh, Department of Psychology, Sukhomlynskyi Mykoaiv National University,

Nikolaev, Ukraine. E-mail: mykola.didukh@tm.org.ua

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2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages: 1516-1520

psychology is the consequence of its use in various meanings.

It is a hypothetical "intermediate variable" and a temporary

mental state that arises under the influence of stressors; and

frustration of social needs; and the personality trait that

encompasses internal factors and external characteristics; and a

motivational component. And above all, it is the psychic

component of temperament.

Anxiety is known as an emotional state of acute internal

anxiety associated with the prediction of danger; the experience

that arises when a person is threatened as a social subject, when

their values, their self-perception, and position in society are

endangered [13]; at the same time, it is a particularly severe

uncomfortable feeling, which most often, though not

necessarily, is perceived as the expectation of a threat, a loss,

and is often specified in the imagination [13].

In the writings of I. Savenkova, M. Didukh, N. Ruda, N.

Hazratova proved that individuals of the sanguine and

melancholic group which occupy places at the ends of the

typological groups of the continuous spectrum of "τ-types" are

characterized by high anxiety, as well as some of the persons

of the choleric group who are at its beginning [14]. Physicians

are also aware that there are individuals with hypertensive and

hypotonic tendencies in the nature of the human population

regarding blood pressure. Given that every third adult on the

planet suffers from CVD, and "risk factors" explain the disease

only in every eighth, you can try to check the location of such

patients in typological groups. It is enough to use your own

unit (τ) as an indicator of belonging to a typological group.

Our approach to the study of the etiology, pathogenesis and

clinical manifestations of the disease is carried out from a new

position, which fully takes into account the laws of time

experience [15, 16]. Based on the τ-type, which determines the

individual's unit of time of each individual, it is possible to

assign a particular subject to a group with his or her dominant

disease (first of all NCDs) with great precision.At the same

time, the issues of localization of symptoms of each nosological

form of NCDs of organs of the cardiovascular system in the

typological group of the continuous spectrum of “τ-types” and

the level of anxiety in children suffering from similar diseases.

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the individually

predetermined patterns and mechanisms of time spent by

children suffering from chronic non-communicable diseases of

the cardiovascular system, and to identify the level of anxiety

of such patients. Objectives of the study: 1) to allocate in

duration its own unit of time of an individual suffering from

NCDs organs of the cardiovascular system; 2) to compare the

duration of one's own unit of time with the psychosomatics of

NCDs of the organs of the cardiovascular system of children;

and 3) to investigate the level of anxiety of somatic patients

with cardiovascular disorders and compare it with the duration

of their own unit of time.

children aged 7 to 14 years, suffering from cardiac NCDs and

were treated at the children's hospital and its outpatient

department.In other words, the study was conducted with

children during both exacerbation and convalescence

(recovery) and remission (attenuation) of the disease. The

experimentation was performed in three stages. The first

questionnaire was filled out for each subject, which revealed

the following: the age of the child (indicating the number of

years and months at the time of the survey); number, month,

year of birth, type of NCD. In the second case, the τ-type was

determined for each patient by the method of chronometric test

(10, 14, 16), for which the classical method of reproduction of

intervals of duration to = 2, 3, 4, 5s, set by the experimenter and

reproduced by the electronic chronoscope with accuracy up to

0.001, was used. with. In this case, each patient was offered to

reproduce the duration he experienced and limited to two

signals - the beginning and the end. These signals were a click

that occurs when the chroscope is switched on and stopped.

The subject reproduced the intervals that were set on this

chronoscope.

Playback every time interval was repeated five times and

then the average of each child's own time unit was calculated.

The next step in the study was to calculate the duration of the

biological cycle of each individual patient. The task was to

investigate the manifestation of the C-metric during NCD at

different periods of illness (exacerbation, convalescence, and

remission). By the law of experiencing an individual's own

time [16] its large biological cycle was determined by the

formula:

C = 8.5τ (years)

where τ - the individual unit of time of the individual, acting as

a "step", which measures the flow of time of his life from birth.

In the third stage, the form of manifestation and the level of

anxiety in somatic patients with CVD were studied, and then

the results were compared with the value of their own time unit

and the duration of their biological life cycle. Psychodiagnostic

tools were presented by the following methods: Ch. Spielberg,

Y.A.Hanina "The scale of assessment of the level of reactive

and personal anxiety", G. Eysenko test questionnaire (for

teens).

Results

Investigating one of the "prevalent" diseases of the

cardiovascular system, we are convinced that a disease such as

myocarditis is localized within its typological group.

Significantly, it includes individuals of the sanguine group, that

is, individuals, in the body of which, according to Hippocrates,

blood prevails. According to the indicators of the Eysenck test,

they have a high level of excitation and inhibition, which

balance each other. In the behavior of the children of this group

are different cheerfulness, optimism, great mobility. Therefore,

they approach the "purely" sanguine.

Materials and Methods

The problem of displaying anxiety in patients with chronic

A large group is formed by diseased children with

vegetative-vascular dystonia (VVD), which ranks first in the

incidence of cardiovascular pathology in childhood. The

course of this disease can be realized by hypotonic type. The

first type of sick children with VVD were examined. The

results of this study showed that the own unit of time in these

children is two ranges of intervals: 0.7s ≤τ <0.8s (15 patients)

and 0.1s <τ≤1.1s (8 patients), which corresponds to the choleric

and phlegmatic groups of individuals in the typological groups

of the continuous spectrum of τ-types. At the same time, in the

ranges: 0,8s≤τ≤0,86s (21 children) and 0,94s≤τ≤1,0s (18

patients), there is a unit of time in children suffering from

hypertensive type of VVD.

CVD is far from being сomplete resolved, because of the

differentiation of forms of anxiety expression in typological

groups, depending on the clinical form of CVD, has not been

performed so far. At the same time, the issues of consistency

of the form and level of anxiety with the duration of the

biological cycle of an individual's life in a contingent of

children suffering from chronic non-infectious myocarditis of

those vegetative-vascular dystonias remain open.

Presentation of the material of the main research and the

obtained scientific results. Our task - to investigate in children

the localization of symptoms of chronic CVD in typological

groups – it was solved experimentally in a contingent of

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Comparing these distributions, it is not difficult to be convinced

that patients with hypertensive type VVD have their own unit

of time in those areas where healthy “τ-types” have

hypertension [6]. The sick children with VVD clearly

identified two boundaries (τ = 0.8s and τ = 1.0s), in a

continuous spectrum of τ-types, in which there is a abrupt

transition from a hypotonic tendency to a hypertensive one.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia by hypertonic type defined the

boundaries of both groups "purely" by sanguine and "purely"

melancholic. Therefore, children who have the same form of

cycles 10.4; 10.7; 10.9); 1¾ C(years by cycles: 12.1; 12.4;

12.8).

Discussion

By measuring this unit in postinfarction (those who

suffered a heart attack) individuals, B. Tsukanov obtained

places of their localization within four typological groups [16].

This means that post-infarction patients are localized in their

temperament properties within two typological groups -

sanguine and melancholy. It should be noted that the

postinfarctioners themselves have allegedly drawn the

boundary lines between the choleric and the sanguine and

between the melancholic and phlegmatic groups [17]. This

allowed B.Tsukanov argue that coronary heart disease and its

clinical form are localized within only two typological groups

and do not go beyond them [16].

Looking at the localization of the diseases within the four

typological groups, one should not fail to express admiration

for the "Greek genius" of Hippocrates [5]. Recall that "chole"

is the moisture produced by the liver, and accumulates the

gallbladder. These organs are also subject to chronic disease of

individuals of the choleric group. Remember, "sanguinis" is a

moisture that is constantly distilled by the heart. In persons of

sanguine group recorded severe myocardial infarction.

"prevalent" disease have differences in psychological content-

character. The clinical interview method revealed that one

group of children complained of a constant lack of time when

doing any work. These are individuals with their own unit of

time in the range 0.8s ≤τ≤0.86s, that is, a sanguine group of

individuals. Another group of children with their own time unit

in the range of 0.94s≤τ≤1.0s do not experience a time deficit

when performing cases, that is, a melancholy group of patients.

This again confirms the correspondence of typological groups

and dominant diseases in the continuous spectrum of τ-types on

the contingent of children aged 7 to 14 years.

These results of an empirical study of patients with myocarditis

and vegetative-vascular dystonia were subjected to statistical

processing of age data. For each group, the mean age,

calculated from the date of birth to the onset of the disease,

indicating the large biological cycle and translated into years,

was calculated. Estimated and statistical summer-years of the

examined children with myocarditis and vegetative-vascular

dystonia in the period of exacerbation of the disease are

summarized in Tables 1 and 2.

“

Melana chole” is black bile because it is mixed with blood.

Hippocrates said that melancholics are in the most

disadvantaged state, because they suffer from diseases of both

choleric, and sanguine, and phlegmatic.Indeed, in fact, given

the sensitivity of the melancholic, you can agree with the type

that "it all hurts." But not for nothing Hippocrates saw the

Comparison of the calculation and statistical years shows

that in patients with cardiovascular disease the exacerbation

begins at the age, which for this contingent of persons is

determined by the fractional number of large biological cycles

survived, and the exacerbation of the disease coincides with the

end of 1¾C (years by cycles 8.6; 8.9; 9.1); 1½C (years by

"black bile" of this type, because next to heart attacks [which,

incidentally, often smaller], a high jump in blood pressure leads

to rupture of the vessels of the brain, called stroke [17].

Table 1: Phases of exacerbation of cardiovascular disease in children (myocarditis)

Сycles (in years)

Statistical age

of patients

Group

τ-types, s

¼C 1½C

8.6 10.2

10.7

10.9

1¾C

11.9

12.4

12.8

Children (9 patients)

Children (6 patients)

Children (4 patients)

0,8≤ τ ≤ 0,82

0,83≤ τ ≤ 0,84

0,85≤ τ ≤ 0,86

6.85

7.1

7.3

8-10-12

9-11-13

8.9

9.1

Table 2: Phases of exacerbation of cardiovascular disorders in children (VVD)

Сycles (in years)

Statistical age

of patients

Group

τ-types, s

1¼C

1½C

1¾C

10.5

Children (4 patients)

Children (3 patients)

Children (8 patients)

Children (5 patients)

Children (3 patients)

Children (16 patients)

Children (15 patients)

Children (8 patients)

0,7≤ τ ≤ 0,72

0,73≤ τ ≤ 0,75

0,76≤ τ ≤ 0,79

0,8≤ τ ≤ 0,83

0,84≤ τ ≤ 0,86

0,94≤ τ ≤ 0,97

0,98≤ τ ≤ 1.0

1.0≤ τ ≤ 1.1

6.0

6.29

6.64

6.9

7.2

8.1

8.4

9.35

7.5

7.8

8.3

8.6

7-9-11

9.4

11.2

11.6

12.1

12.6

14.2

14.7

16.3

7-9-11

8-10-12

9-11-12

9-11-13

10-12-14

11-14-16

10.3

10.8

12.2

12.6

14.0

10.1

10.5

11.6

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Phlegma" - transparent mucus, which is very much in the

which there is a abrupt transition from the hypotonic tendency

to hypertonic.

stomach of a person, so the stomach phlegmatic is the most

vulnerable, and ulcers are very complex. In the zone of

equilibrium" type, kidney and genital diseases are localized.

2. Analysis of the age of patients with chronic

noncommunicable diseases from the date of birth to the onset

of the disease shows that the place of least resistance is most

affected at the end of a long large biological cycle or their long

quarters. By following the "C-periodicity" of diseases, we can

say that in the life of an individual there are a number of

separate age points that must be critical. It is at these points

that exacerbation of symptoms of chronic noncommunicable

diseases is observed.

3. It is common for most of the surveyed patients with

NCDs that the clinical manifestations of the disease not only

coincide with the end of a quarter of long cycles and with their

ends, but also begin to recur at a frequency of 1/4 C, 1/2 C, 1 /

16 C, 3/4 C depending on the type group. The disease is chronic

in nature because it is not diagnosed in the early stages of

ontogenesis.

The comparison given above completely confirms Hippocrates'

profound rightness. In each type, he saw psychosomatic unity

with the locus minoris resistentiae, which for each type is the

most vulnerable at a certain age, which is related to the life

cycle of the individual's life cycle [10]. It is interesting to

compare the distribution of chronic diseases by typological

groups with the ancient views of Tibetan medicine. Here is a

poem by L.D. Olzoeva [18 ] outlining these views:

Our feelings build our health.

If you are afraid

You prepare yourself kidney disease.

If you feel angry

Your liver and gall bladder will suffer.

The sadness and oppression of the Spirit darkens

The heart and mind with the disease.

Pride, ignorance, passion, envy and anger -

These feelings (if you have them)

They will strike you mercilessly.

Be your friend.

Become the best doctor yourself.

“

4. Studies of the level and form of anxiety in CVD patients

have shown that individuals in the experimental sample are

characterized by high levels of anxiety. At the same time, it is

appropriate to emphasize that the individuals of the sangvidoid

group are dominated by the reactive form of anxiety and the

melancholoid - by the personal one.

Find the cause of your illness in yourself ”.

Finally, let us note that the individual's belonging to a

typological group is a naturally conditioned (innate) property.

In this case, knowing one's own means is also knowing the

place of the least resistance in one's body, which under certain

conditions may become most vulnerable. But does this imply

the doom and fatal inevitability of the disease of the system that

is the place of least resistance? It doesn't, because knowing the

weak point is the key to a vague notion that is called "healthy

lifestyles." It is the knowledge of personality that makes it

possible to build such an attitude towards one's own organism

in order to prevent disorders and breakages in the places of least

resistance. "Become a doctor yourself!" On the other hand,

knowledge of the body's weak point opens the door to doctors

the key to effective prevention and prevention of СVDs.

Therefore, it should be emphasized that health care is a task that

can be successfully accomplished within the framework of

common psychological and medical technologies, using the

scientific heritage of medical psychology, primarily

experimental content.

The poetic form shows the differentiation of the places of

least resistance in individuals, taking into account the basic

emotional coloring of their behavior. Çoban H. spoke about

central or leading emotional coloring characteristic of

representatives of different typological groups (19). Indeed,

anger and wrath are prevalent in individuals in the choleric

group, which has been noted by Tibetan doctors as a sign of

liver disease. "Compression of the spirit" as a special emotional

state is peculiar to anxious persons, and such are the

representatives of the sanguine and melancholic groups in

which heart diseases are manifested. Sadness is characteristic

of melancholic people who have strokes as a gloomy mind.

Situational fear within "here and now" behavior occurs in

equilibrium" individuals. And it is not the fear of a

melancholic, which sometimes becomes a personal trait

cowardice), but the fear of "caution without cowardice". That

(

is why Tibetan doctors saw in the form of manifestation of such

a fear the cause of kidney disease, which is confirmed by the

differential method in the "balanced" features [1].

Comparison shows that the ancient study of Hippocrates

and the ancient experience of Tibetan medicine recorded a clear

localization of "prevalent" diseases in individuals by their

belonging to their typological groups [17]. And it is necessary

to pay tribute to this experience, because it focuses a special

holistic vision of the psychosomatic unity of the body and

human psyche.

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