Formation of a Knowledge base in the Field of Patenting Technologies and Equipment for Involvement in the Processing and use of Woody Greenery in Industry, Agriculture and in the Social Sphere

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages: 1400-1407

J. Environ. Treat. Tech.

ISSN: 2309-1185

Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com

https://doi.org/10.47277/JETT/8(4)1407

Formation of a Knowledge base in the Field of

Patenting Technologies and Equipment for

Involvement in the Processing and use of Woody

Greenery in Industry, Agriculture and in the Social

Sphere

Shegelman I. R. *, Vasilev A. S. , Sukhanov Y. V. , Lukashevich V. M. , Galaktionov O. N. ,

Kuznetsov A. V. , Krupko A. M.

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Cross-cutting technology and economic security, Petrozavodsk State University (PSU), 33, Lenina pr.,

85910, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia

Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Technologies and organizations of the forest complex, Petrozavodsk State University (PSU), 33,

Lenina pr., 185910, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Technologies and organizations of the forest complex, Petrozavodsk State University (PSU), 33,

Lenina pr., 185910, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia

Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Mathematical Analysis, Petrozavodsk State University (PSU), 33, Lenina pr., 185910,

Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia

Received: 14/02/2020

Accepted: 09/07/2020

Published: 20/12/2020

Abstract

In recent years, the results of intellectual activity - numerous technological and technical solutions - have been patented for the

basic operations of the forestry complex. Insufficient attention is paid to the formation of knowledge bases in the field of technologies

and equipment for involving non-timber forest resources in the processing. The formation of databases in this area is caused by the

identified trends in the development of products from various types of natural raw materials for the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic

industries and other spheres of the social sphere and the economy. Among the types of natural raw materials, an important place is

occupied by raw materials with a wide range of biological effects, including woody greens. The development of a knowledge base in

the field of involving tree greenery in various spheres of the social sphere and economy was carried out on the basis of a systematic

patent search. The analysis made it possible to form a knowledge base about the main most characteristic technological and technical

solutions patented in Russia in the field of harvesting, processing and use of greenery of tree species growing in Russia in industry,

agriculture and in the social sphere. These solutions are classified according to the types of greenery used (complex of conifers, and in

the context of woody greenery of fir, pine, larch, cedar and dwarf cedar, juniper, and deciduous trees). Within each class of patents in

the field of wood greenery processing, patents are given taking into account the directions of their use, the effects achieved as a result

of the implementation of patented solutions with the allocation of economic entities conducting patenting in the studied area. In this

regard, the authors carried out research with the conduct of patent information search, collection and systematization of information.

The state and tendencies of directions of patenting in the field of technologies and equipment for the use of tree greenery in industry

and in the social sphere are revealed, the main goals of patenting (effects) are determined to achieve which the patented intellectual

property objects are considered. The most interesting patents collected during the formation of the knowledge base are presented.

Keywords: Knowledge base, Tree greenery, Tree species, Forest complex, Non-timber forest resources, Intellectual property, Plant

raw materials, Patent, patent search

Introduction¹

sphere is caused by the revealed tendencies towards the

development of products for various sectors of the economy

and social sphere using various types of natural raw materials.

Woody greens occupy an important place among these types

of natural raw materials. The purpose of the research is to

synthesize information to form a knowledge base in the field

of creating promising technical solutions for technologies and

equipment for involving in the processing and use of greenery

in industry, agriculture and in the social sphere. When

choosing technologies for such solutions, developers take into

account the specifics of the directions for using greens, the

breed, and the requirements for the products obtained. Various

technologies and equipment have their own certain not only

The authors believe that in the formation of knowledge

bases for various industries of the forestry complex,

insufficient attention is paid to the formation of knowledge

bases in the field of technologies and equipment for non-

timber forest resources. The need to form databases in the

field of involving non-timber forest resources in the industrial

Corresponding author: Shegelman I. R., Doctor of

Technical Sciences, Professor, Cross-cutting technology and

economic security, Petrozavodsk State University (PSU), 33,

Lenina pr., 185910, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia,

Russia. E-mail: education.com.ru@gmail.com.

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2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages: 1400-1407

advantages, but also disadvantages, the qualitative elimination

of which requires abrupt technological and technical solutions.

One of the most important factors confirming the level of such

decisions is the patenting of the results of their intellectual

property by researchers and developers. To achieve this goal

with the active use of search engines, library funds, materials

of dissertation research, information on the content and results

of research contained in articles in special industry journals, as

well as materials contained in the knowledge bases of the

Russian Science Citation Index and the Federal Institute of

Industrial Property. Based on the results of the analysis, the

directions of patenting technologies and equipment for

involving in the processing and use of tree greenery in

industry, agriculture and in the social sphere are identified and

classified. The effects (goals) for which the patented

technologies and equipment were directed to involve in the

processing and use of bark were identified. Organizations

conducting research and patenting in the studied area have

been identified. The most interesting technological and

technical solutions are presented.

According to Zhuravleva [12], woody greens, rich in

biologically active substances, by using them as a feed

additive - a source of proteins, vitamins, microelements, can

increase the productivity of farm animals. In the work [13], it

is shown that it is promising to increase the feed and

nutritional value of feed by using coniferous greens, needles

and coniferous flour as sources of vitamins and

microelements. In the work Khurshkainen [14], a method was

developed for obtaining a biological product “Verva from

coniferous tree greenery to stimulate growth and protect plants

from infections. The work [15] shows the prospects of using

the biostimulants "Verva" and "Verva-spruce" to obtain high-

quality planting material in forest nurseries. The biostimulator

"Verva" is created on the basis of fir tree greenery extract,

"Verva-spruce" contains extractive components of spruce tree

greenery of European and Siberian spruce. The use of the

preparations "Verva" and "Verva-spruce" for pre-sowing seed

treatment will shorten the period of growing seedlings and

reduce the cost of planting material [16].

In works Filatov [17] it is shown that the use of the

biological product "Verva" increases the productivity of

fattening pigs, reduces postpartum pathology. At the same

time, multiple pregnancies increase, and the newborn young

animals have high growth vigor. According to studies [18],

the dietary supplements "Verva" helps to increase the average

daily gain of pigs by 23, 2%, absolute gain - by 23.3%, the

age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg is reduced by 17 days.

Under the influence of the additive, the pre-slaughter live

weight of pigs increases by 12.9%, the weight of the fresh

carcass and the slaughter weight increase by 13.0 and 17.2%,

respectively. At the same time, there is an increase in the

slaughter yield by 2.6%, the slaughter weight of the carcass

and its length increase by 20.2 and 12.9%, respectively. In the

inclusion of the fir extract "Verva" in the system of rational

nutrition of pigs in during the first 30 days of the feeding

period n It has a positive effect on the fattening and meat

qualities of animals. It has been established that the use of the

Literature Review

In recent years, scientists [1] have been actively exploring

ways to solve the problems of the timber industry complex. At

the same time, for the basic operations of the forestry

complex, as well as for many other industries, new results of

intellectual activity are being developed and patented -

numerous technological and technical solutions. The

development of new objects of intellectual property is carried

out on the basis of knowledge bases about the state and

development trends of improving (created) objects of

intellectual property [2]. At the same time, in the forest

industry, the main attention is focused on the formation of

knowledge bases in the field of timber harvesting. The authors

consider it necessary to note the insufficient attention paid to

the formation of knowledge bases in the field of procurement

and use of various types of non-wood resources, in particular,

woody greenery. As noted in the works [3-6], woody greens

are an important source of biologically active products and the

potential for widespread use in industry, agriculture and social

sphere. According to Shanina [7], the presence of valuable

biologically active substances in the tree greenery of Scots

pine and the possibility of obtaining medicinal preparations,

natural intermediates for perfumery and cosmetic industries,

feed additives in animal husbandry and poultry farming from

it, creates the preconditions for its complex processing.

According to studies [8], the components of extractive

substances of wood needles have a wide spectrum of

biological activity and can be used to obtain drugs in

pharmacology, veterinary medicine, and agriculture. The work

"Verva" supplement for quails improves the biochemical

parameters of the hatching egg. In the experimental groups,

the content of vitamins B1 and B2 in the egg white is 2.64-

.46 times and 1.36-1.67 times higher, in the yolk of vitamins

B1 and B2 - 2.2-2.6 times and 3.1-27.1%, carotenoids

increased by 14.8-28.2% compared to the control group, and

the acid number was optimal. Improvement of the biological

usefulness of hatching eggs contributed to an increase in egg

fertilization by 1.25-2.50%, hatching of quail - by 3.75-7.5%,

hatchability of eggs - by 3.3-6.49%. The obtained young

growth in groups using extractives of fir tree greens had a

higher live weight and viability in the first two weeks of life

[19]. The use of woody greens makes it possible to obtain a

complete feed for cattle [20]. In the work [21], it is shown that

the introduction of feed additives from fir needles into the

diets of dairy cows stimulates milk productivity without

reducing the quality characteristics of milk and shortens the

service period. The treatment with the acidic fraction of the

carbon dioxide extract of Siberian fir increases the yield of

cucumbers by 20% and shortens their ripening period by 3-4

days.

One of the most valuable raw material sources of essential

oils in the Subarctic region of Russia is the woody greens of

the common juniper. Its essential oils have antibacterial

activity that inhibits the development of gram-negative

bacteria. It has been shown that the use of juniper woody

greens is promising for the production of essential oils as

components of preparations and products with an antibacterial

spectrum of action [22]. The analysis showed that there is a

significant amount of serious scientific research in the field of

[

9] shows the promise of using extracts from fir in agriculture,

medicine and sports. At the St. Petersburg Forestry

University, several technologies were created for the

processing of cellulose waste and woody greens with the

receipt of such nutritional biocorrectors as phytosterol,

betulin, coniferous essential oil, provitamin concentrate, etc.,

the effectiveness of which as therapeutic and prophylactic

agents has been confirmed by research domestic and foreign

scientists [10].

The work Zadorozhnaya et al., [11] studied the sensitivity

of microorganisms isolated in hatcheries to antibacterial drugs

of natural origin obtained from needles. The preparations

represented the amount of woody green substances dissolved

in water (up to 60%) (extract of needles of fir, pine, spruce). It

has been established that these drugs have antibacterial and

fungicidal effects, exhibit anti-inflammatory and wound-

healing properties, and have a long-term deodorizing effect.

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2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages: 1400-1407

technologies and equipment for involving woody greens in the

processing. However, despite the formed scientific and

technical groundwork, many of these studies are at the

development stage and are often not implemented due to the

lack of industrial partners and insufficient attention of

scientists and developers to patenting the results of their

intellectual activity, lack of competitive patented intellectual

property. This conclusion is confirmed by the fact that,

according to the Federal Institute of Industrial Property, as of

May 18, 2020, there are 152 patents for the term “woody

green”, 73 patents for the term “coniferous greens”, and 4

patents for the term “deciduous greens”. The number of

publications according to the Russian Science Citation Index

for the terms "woody green" - 5068, "coniferous green" -



Krasnoyarsk State Trade and Economic Institute -

KrasnTEI;

Krasnoyarsk regional fund for support of scientific and

scientific and technical activities - KrasnFP;

Magadan Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture -

MagniISKh;

Mari State Technical University - MarSTU;

Scientific Research Institute - SRI;

Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Eastern

Siberia - RIVMES;



Scientific and Technical Center for the Development of

Advanced Equipment -STCDAE;

Research and Production Company "Green Chemistry" -

RPF "Green Chemistry";

977, "deciduous green" - 1422. Unfortunately, only separate

Research and Production Firm "Energy Lesa" - RPF

studies [23] are devoted to the procurement of woody

greenery. Therefore, despite numerous studies of the

procurement, processing and use of woody greenery,

additional research is needed to form a knowledge base for the

synthesis of new patentable solutions in this area.

"Energy Lesa";

Scientific and Technical Center "Khiminvest" - Scientific

and Technical Center "Khiminvest";

Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry named after

N.N. Vorozhtsov of the Siberian Branch of the Russian

Academy of Sciences - NovIOCh;

Scientific Research Institute - Research Institute;

Limited Liability Company - LLC;

Northern (Arctic) Federal University - NArFU;

Siberian State Technological University - SibSTU;

Riga University Stradins - Riga University.

Materials and Methods

The purpose of this work is to synthesize information to



form a knowledge base in the field of creating promising

technical solutions for technologies and equipment for

involving in the processing and use of tree greenery in

industry, agriculture and the social sphere. The tasks were set:

According to the methodology, as research materials at the



Collection and analysis of data on the most typical

Russian patents in the field of harvesting, processing and

use of greenery in the context of tree species growing in

Russia;

first stage of the work, the results of extended information and

analytical search with the active use of search engines, library

collections, dissertation research materials, as well as

information about the content and results of research

contained in articles in special industry journals were used. At

the same time, special attention was paid to the analysis of

studies considered in the dissertations of Russian scientists:

Classification of patents by types of used tree greenery

(complex of conifers, and in the context of tree greenery

of fir, pine, larch, cedar and dwarf cedar, juniper, and

deciduous trees);

Determining the directions of patenting technologies and

equipment for involving in the processing and use of

woody greenery in industry, agriculture and in the social

sphere;



Technology of extractive substances of European spruce

greenery (Piceaabies (L) karst) with obtaining biologically

active preparations S.N. Vasiliev [3].

Complex processing of tree greenery and bark of Siberian

fir to obtain products with biological activity [24].

Processing of coniferous greenery using liquefied

hydrocarbons [12].

Influence of extracts from woody greenery and tap

sediment as a substrate component on seed germination

and growth of Scots pine seedlings.

Processing of woody greens of Scots pine using water-

ethanol mixtures: dissertation [7].



Determining the effects achieved as a result of the

implementation of patented solutions for the involvement

in the processing and use of woody greenery;

Identification of business entities conducting research and

patenting technologies and equipment for involving in the

processing and use of woody greenery.



To achieve the set goal and objectives, the method of

system analysis was used, carried out based on the results of

the patent information search, information was collected and

systematized. The designations are used in this work:

Processing of woody greenery of Scots pine to obtain

pectin substances.

Toxicological and hygienic assessment of biologically

active substances from woody greenery and wood.

Isolation and study of acidic components of lipids in

woody greens of fir (Abies sibirica) and spruce (Picea

sibirica) [14].



Voronezh State Forestry Academy - VSFA;

All-Russian Research Institute - ARRI;

Vologda State Dairy Academy - VSDA;

Far Eastern Research Institute of Forestry - FERIF;

Institute of Biology of the Karelian Scientific Center of

the Russian Academy of Sciences - IBKRC RAS;

Institute of Physiology of the Komi Scientific Center of

the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences –

IPKSCUB RAS;

At the second stage of the work, an extended patent

information search was organized for inventions and utility

models patented in the Russian Federation in the field studied

by the authors. At the same time, the materials contained in

the knowledge bases of the Russian Science Citation Index

and the Federal Institute of Industrial Property were actively

used. The analysis identified and classified the directions of

patenting technologies and equipment for the involvement in

the processing and use of greenery in industry, agriculture and

in the social sphere. Particular attention was paid to the effects



Institute of Chemistry of the Komi Scientific Center of the

Ural Branch of the RAS – IChKSCUB RAS;

Kazan National Research Technological University -

KNRTU;

Kemerovo Technological Institute of Food Industry -

Kemerovo TIFP;

(goals) to which patented technologies and equipment were

Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University - KrasnGAU;

directed to involve in the processing and use of woody

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2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages: 1400-1407

greenery. Organizations conducting research and patenting in

the studied area were identified.

content of biologically active substances in the extract. STC

"Khiminvest" patented a method for producing extruded

coniferous energy additives [34]. The achieved effect is

obtaining an additive that allows to stabilize the energy

balance of the body and increase the productivity of farm

animals. KrasnGAU patented an installation for producing

essential oils when organizing small businesses from

coniferous tree greenery and bark [35]. The resulting effect is

an increase in productivity, yield, quality and elimination of

Results and Discussion

As shown above, the theoretical and practical aspects of

involving in the processing and use of greenery in industry,

agriculture and in the social sphere are considered in the

studies of well-known scientists in Russia. In this section,

according to the methodology, we focused on patenting

developments in this area. Development of new solutions for

harvesting woody greenery. NArFU patented a method for

separating needles from tree shoots [25]. According to the

method, coniferous legs are placed in a chamber with a gas-air

environment. In the chamber, coniferous legs are kept in a

cryogenic gas-air environment until the protoplasm of

connective tissue cells, brachyblast, auxiblast and bound

moisture in the cell walls are completely crystallized,

followed by the separation of frozen needles from tree shoots

by mechanical action Damage to wood and bark does not

occur, there are no foreign impurities in the needles,

completely valuable components are retained, which improves

product quality. The achieved effect is a high-quality product

without damaging wood and bark. NArFU patented a cutting

device for harvesting and grinding woody greenery. The

achieved effect is a decrease in losses and damage to woody

greenery, an increase in the productivity of its harvesting. The

development of this solution by the named university is given

in a patent, according to which the apparatus provides

preliminary shaking off of substandard material (dried

needles, extraneous litter) [26]. The achieved effect is to

improve the quality of harvested woody greenery. VSFA

patented a method for processing woody greenery and a

device for its implementation [27]. The method includes

oil loss due to its volatilization,

a decrease in fuel

consumption. The Institute of Chemistry of the Komi

Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences

patented a method for obtaining polysaccharides from the

woody greenery of conifers [36]. The achieved effect is the

production of pectin polysaccharides and hemicellulose of the

glucuronoxylan class with a high yield and a high degree of

purification. The Institute of Chemistry of the Komi Science

Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences also patented a

method for producing a feed additive for animals and birds

from coniferous greenery [37]. The achieved effect is an

increase in the degree of preservation of carotene, protein and

vitamins during the processing of raw materials. KrasnTEI

patented a method for extracting essential oil [38]. The

achieved effect is the production of essential oil from

coniferous greenery, with a pleasant smell and color and

bactericidal properties. Riga University (LV) and LLC BF-

ESSE (LV) for the chemical and pharmaceutical industry have

patented 2419446 “Composition of dense needles extract for

encapsulation, [39]. The achieved effect is to improve the

condition of the mucous membranes and increase the

protective properties of the body. The All-Russian Research

Institute of Potato Economy patented a method for storing

planting potatoes [40], according to which, during the

treatment period of storage, at the first stage, fumigation and

mummification of potato tubers is carried out by means of

flameless sublimation of needles. The achieved effect is the

elimination of the process of recirculation of pathogens from

the potato mound to the storage volume and from the storage

facility to the potato mound, increasing the yield of

marketable potatoes with good keeping quality. LLC "Fitolon-

nauka" has patented an absorber of gases and unpleasant odors

processing woody greenery in

a microwave field and

separating it from the branches, and the greenery is pre-

compacted to 300 ... 400 kg/m3, and the processing is carried

out in a microwave electromagnetic field with a frequency of

450 MHz. The achieved effect is to increase the intensity of

the drying process of woody greenery and the biological value

of the resulting product. The method of sorting felling

residues [28] provides for the collection and sorting of felling

residues into grains, tops, twigs, branches and green trees

when loading the forwarder's body. The achieved effect is the

separation of greenery when collecting logging waste.

KNRTU has patented a method for the complex processing of

woody greenery [29] for obtaining biologically active

substances and fodder meal from woody greenery of various

species. The achieved effect is an increase in the yield of

biologically active substances, obtaining high-quality feed

flour due to the protein content in it and reducing energy

consumption by more than two times. STC for the

development of advanced equipment patented a method for

the complex processing of woody greenery [30]. The achieved

effect is a reduction in the processing time and an increase in

productivity. MarSTU patented an installation for the

production of essential oil in the complex processing of wood

products [31]. The achieved effect is the creation of a mobile

installation for the production of essential oil. Scientific and

Technical Center "GreenTex" patented compound feed for

cattle, including vitamin flour from woody greenery [32]. The

achieved effect is obtaining product with preservation of the

original composition of the protein component in the grain.

Development of new solutions for the processing and

industrial use of coniferous greenery. KNRTU patented an

installation for obtaining a coniferous extract from woody

green mass [33]. The achieved effect is a decrease in the

temperature of the extraction process and an increase in the

(variants) and organic fertilizer using waste needles of pine,

spruce and other conifers [41]. The achieved effect is to

expand the range of absorbers of gases and unpleasant odors,

improve the ecological situation and protect the environment.

Another patent of Phytolon-nauka LLC protected a remedy for

the prevention and treatment of helminthiasis [42], containing

an aqueous and/or lipid complex from pine and spruce needles

as a plant extract and an active component. The achieved

effect is the effectiveness of the prevention and treatment of

opisthorchiasis. Scientific and Technical Center “Khiminvest”

has patented a method to improve the quality of semen of sire

bulls” [43], in which a coniferous energy supplement is added

to the daily ration of animals. The achieved effect is an

increase in the reproductive abilities of sire bulls.

Development of new solutions for the processing and

industrial use of spruce needles. LTD Dve Linii has patented a

medical and cosmetic product to protect the skin from sunburn

[44]. The achieved effect is increased biological activity and

bactericidal effect. Development of new solutions for the

processing and industrial use of pine greenery. The Vologda

State Agricultural Academy patented a method for the

production of a water-soluble dietary supplement from pine

greenery and can be used in the production of food [45]. The

achieved effect is a decrease in the duration of the production

of a water-soluble dietary supplement, an expansion of the

range of food products with functional properties. The

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Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center of the Russian

Academy of Sciences, has patented a method for feeding fur-

bearing animals by adding coniferous greenery [46]. The

achieved effect is to increase the vitality and safety of

weakened mink puppies. RPF "Khiminvest" has patented a

coniferous energy additive [47]. The achieved effect is to

increase the vitality and safety of weakened mink puppies.

RPF "Khiminvest" has patented a coniferous biological active

additive to improve the productive qualities of chickens [48].

It contains a bioactive coniferous extract of Scots pine tree

greenery. RPF "Khiminvest" also patented a cosmetic body

scrub containing crushed pine strobila and coniferous extract

of pine greenery [49]. The achieved effect is a synergistic

action of bioactive components, exfoliation of the stratum

corneum, normalization of metabolism in skin cells,

bactericidal, antioxidant and anti-stress effects. RPF "Green

Chemistry" has patented a coniferous-glycerin biological

active additive to increase the productivity of farm animals

and poultry " [50]. The achieved effect is an increase in

immuno-biological activity, safety of the livestock, qualitative

and quantitative signs of productivity. RPF Energy Lesa for

those used in animal husbandry has patented a method for

producing a selenium-carotene feed additive using a bioactive

coniferous concentrate [51]. The achieved effect is the

production of a selenium-carotene feed product. Medovy Dom

LLC patented honey with a phyto-additive, including pine

needles. The achieved effect is the expansion of the range of

honey, which has a new taste, aroma and biological properties.

Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine has patented a

remedy for the prevention and treatment of mineral deficiency

in lambs, including pine needles. LTD Lesnaya Rosa has

patented a biologically active agent that includes pine needles

for treating udder teats [52]. The achieved effect is the

formation of a strong and stable film with antimicrobial and

wound-healing effect.

Development of new solutions for processing and

industrial use of fir tree greenery. NovIOCh patented a

method for obtaining fir oil, chlorophyll-carotene paste, and

water fir extract from fir trees [53]. The achieved effect is an

increase in the efficiency of separating fir oil, chlorophyll-

carotene paste, and aqueous fir extract. KNRTU patented a

method for preliminary activation of pressed baker's yeast

extract of Siberian fir [54]. The achieved effect is an increase

in the lifting force of yeast and an improvement in the

physicochemical characteristics of bakery products. All-

Russian Research Institute of Tobacco, Shag and Tobacco

Products - All-Russian Research Institute of Tobacco, Shag

and Tobacco Products received a patent for a method to

stimulate the growth and development of tobacco [55], in

which the pre-sowing soaking of seeds and processing of

seedlings during the formation period is carried out with a

growth regulator " Verva ", obtained from green fir trees. The

achieved effect is a decrease in the defeat of tobacco by

seedling rot, an increase in the yield of seedlings and an

increase in yield. KNRTU 2615480 "Method for preliminary

activation of pressed baker's yeast", [56]. In this method,

Siberian fir extract is used as an additive. The achieved effect

is a reduction in the activation time of yeast, an increase in the

preservation period of the freshness of the bakery product.

Research Institute of Agriculture of the Komi Republic and

LLC "Verva" have patented a method to increase the yield of

natural hayfields, [57]. According to this method, vegetative

plants are treated with a biological product "Verva", extracted

from the greenery of fir. The achieved effect is to increase the

productivity and quality of grasses of natural hayfields. The

Institute of Physiology of the Komi Scientific Center of the

Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences has patented

a method for restoring the reserves and the functional state of

the body in highly qualified athletes using phytoskipidar baths

with the inclusion of crushed fir tree greenery [9]. The

achieved effect is to correct the functional state of the body

and restore its reserves, increase the performance of athletes in

the training and competitive processes. The Institute of

Chemistry of the Komi Ural Branch of the Scientific Center of

the Russian Academy of Sciences patented a method for

processing woody greens of fir, with the isolation of pectin

polysaccharides and triterpenic acids from it [37]. The

achieved effect is an increase in the yield of target products.

NovIOCh patented a yield-increasing agent with fungicidal

properties. The product is obtained by extraction of air-dry

crushed fir tree greenery with tert-butyl methyl ether. The

achieved effect is to reduce the susceptibility to fungal

diseases of cereals, legumes and vegetables, stimulate their

growth and productivity. The Institute of Chemistry of the

Komi Ural Branch of the Scientific Center of the Russian

Academy of Sciences has patented a method for stimulating

the growth and development of oilseeds, using the biological

product Verva, extracted from tree greenery, as a growth

regulator. The achieved effect is an increase in the yield of

oilseeds and oil content in seeds.

Development of new solutions for the processing and

industrial use of cedar and cedar dwarf needles. Magadan

Research Institute of Agriculture has patented a method for

feeding laying hens [58]. According to the method, a feed

additive is used, including flour from the needles of dwarf

pine. The achieved effect is an increase in the productive

qualities of laying hens and the consumer properties of the

products (eggs). Magadan Research Institute of Agriculture

has patented a method for feeding lactating cows [59].

According to the method, a feed additive is used, including

flour from the needles of dwarf pine. The achieved effect is to

increase resistance, cow productivity and profitability of milk

production. KrasnGAU patented a drink [60] using coniferous

cedar extract. The achieved effect is to obtain a drink with

stable taste and aroma qualities during storage. The

Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry has patented a

method for producing lambertianic acid from extractives of

Siberian cedar greenery”, [61]. The achieved effect is to

increase the manufacturability of the isolation of lambertianic

acid, reduce energy and labor costs, and obtain a product of

improved quality.

Development of new solutions for the processing and

industrial use of larch needles. Kemerovo TIFP patented a

method for producing a plant extract for a composition of

medicinal raw materials using Siberian larch needles [62]. The

achieved effect is to obtain an extract with a high yield of

selenium and biologically active substances of antioxidant

action. A special food additive for confectionery products

contains a decoction of crushed reindeer lichen, shiksha herb,

sphagnum and an infusion of a mixture of willow-herb with

larch needles [63]. The achieved effect is to increase the

nutritional value of confectionery products, prevent disorders

of the nervous system, strengthen immunity. LLC "Agroveit"

patented the drug "Raido" for the prevention and treatment of

mastitis in cows and the method of its production [64]. When

receiving the drug, use larch needles. The achieved effect is

the treatment of mastitis in cows. Development of new

solutions for the processing and use of juniper needles.

SibSTU patented the composition of ingredients for the

preparation of aromatic alcohol [65]. The achieved effect is

the acquisition of a specific coniferous aroma with spicy notes

and a spicy aftertaste. A patented method for preparing a

composition for skin regeneration [66], using an extractable

composition including stems and needles of juniper. The

404

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages: 1400-1407

achieved effect is pronounced regenerating properties.

Development of new solutions for the processing and

industrial use of woody greenery of deciduous plants. The Far

Eastern Research Institute of Forestry has patented a method

for obtaining a water-oil product from the green wood of

deciduous plants [67].

2. The analysis showed the presence of a significant amount

of serious scientific research in the field of technologies

and equipment for involving woody greens in the

processing. However, despite the formed scientific and

technical groundwork, many of these studies are at the

development stage and are often not implemented due to

the lack of industrial partners and insufficient attention of

scientists and developers to patenting the results of their

intellectual activity, lack of competitive patented

intellectual property.

3. The purpose of the research is to synthesize information to

form a knowledge base in the field of creating promising

technical solutions for technologies and equipment for

involving in the processing and use of tree greenery in

industry, agriculture and the social sphere. When choosing

technologies for such solutions, developers take into

account the specifics of the directions for using woody

greenery, species, requirements for the products obtained.

Various technologies and equipment have their own

certain not only advantages, but also disadvantages, the

qualitative elimination of which requires abrupt

technological and technical solutions. One of the most

important factors confirming the level of such decisions is

the patenting of the results of their intellectual property by

researchers and developers.

4. There is a tendency towards the expansion of patenting of

inventions and utility models by many universities,

scientific organizations and enterprises in the field of

involvement in the processing and use of woody greenery

in industry, agriculture and in the social sphere. It is

obvious that the use of greenery in industry, agriculture

and in the social sphere will expand, and accordingly the

need for effective technologies and equipment for its

involvement in processing and use will expand.

5. The analysis made it possible to form a knowledge base

about the main most characteristic technological and

technical solutions patented in Russia in the field of

harvesting, processing and use of greenery of tree species

growing in Russia in industry, agriculture and in the social

sphere. These solutions are classified according to the

types of greenery used (complex of conifers, and in the

context of woody greenery of fir, pine, larch, cedar and

dwarf cedar, juniper, and deciduous trees). Within each

class of patents in the field of wood greenery processing,

patents are given taking into account the directions of their

use, the effects achieved as a result of the implementation

of patented solutions with the allocation of economic

entities conducting patenting in the studied area.

The achieved effect is a high yield of biologically active

substances of phenolic nature, an increase in the concentration

of polyphenols and flavonoids, expansion of the spectrum of

action of the obtained extract Far Eastern Research Institute of

Forestry The achieved effect is an increase in the percentage

of germination, energy and length of seedlings, a reduction in

the time of seed germination and the susceptibility of seeds to

fungal mold, an expansion of the range of effective cheap and

affordable stimulants Baccata " [68]. The achieved effect is to

obtain new products - an extract of biologically active

substances and raw wax. LLC "Elmaris" has patented a

remedy [69], which uses peach leaves and birch leaves as raw

materials. The achieved effect is antioxidant antitumor,

immunomodulatory, antidiabetic and antibacterial action. The

analysis showed a tendency for the expansion of patenting of

inventions and utility models by many universities, scientific

organizations and enterprises in the field of involvement in the

processing and use of woody greenery in industry, agriculture

and in the social sphere. It is obvious that the use of greenery

in industry, agriculture and in the social sphere will expand,

and accordingly the need for effective technologies and

equipment for its involvement in processing and use will

expand.

The analysis made it possible to form a knowledge base

on the main most characteristic technological and technical

solutions patented in Russia in the field of harvesting,

processing and use of greenery of tree species growing in

Russia in industry, agriculture and in the social sphere. These

solutions are classified according to the types of greenery used

(complex of conifers, and in the context of woody greenery of

fir, pine, larch, cedar and dwarf cedar, juniper, and deciduous

trees). Within each class of patents in the field of wood

greenery processing, patents are given taking into account the

directions of their use, the effects achieved as a result of the

implementation of patented solutions with the allocation of

economic entities conducting patenting in the studied area.

The knowledge base formed during research can be

successfully used as a choice of analogues and prototypes for

the synthesis of new patentable solutions.

Conclusions

. In recent years, the results of intellectual activity have been

patented for the basic operations of the forestry complex -

numerous technological and technical solutions. The

development of new objects of intellectual property is

necessary in this area on the basis of knowledge bases

about the state and development trends of improving

. The knowledge base formed during research can be

successfully used as a choice of analogs and prototypes

for the synthesis of new patentable solutions.

Ethical issue

Authors are aware of, and comply with, best practice in

publication ethics specifically with regard to authorship

(created) objects of intellectual property. The authors who

form knowledge bases in various fields believe that when

forming knowledge bases for various industries of the

forestry complex, insufficient attention is paid to the

formation of knowledge bases in the field of technologies

and equipment for non-timber forest resources. The need

to form databases in the field of involving non-timber

forest resources in the industrial sphere is caused by the

revealed tendencies towards the development of products

for various sectors of the economy and social sphere using

various types of natural raw materials. Woody greens

occupy an important place among these types of natural

raw materials.

(avoidance of guest authorship), dual submission,

manipulation of figures, competing interests and compliance

with policies on research ethics. Authors adhere to publication

requirements that submitted work is original and has not been

published elsewhere in any language.

Competing interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that

would prejudice the impartiality of this scientific work.

405

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages: 1400-1407

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Authors’ contribution

All authors of this study have a complete contribution for

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011;5:9-11.

2. Samsonova NA, Gusakova MA, Bogolitsyn KG. Component

composition and antibacterial activity of Juniperus communis l.

subarctic zone of Russia. Siberian forest journal. 2020;2:31-39.

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