Volume 11, Issue 4, (2023)
The Global Rise of Non-Communicable Diseases: Drivers, Trends, and Implications for Healthcare Systems
Gaukhar B. Kumar, Zhuldyz K. Tashimova, Anara Abitova
Volume 11 | Issue 4 | Pages: 130-133 | PDF
Abstract: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are now the leading cause of death globally, posing a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. This review examines the multifaceted drivers of this rise, including demographic transitions, globalization-driven dietary shifts, environmental factors, and social determinants of health. Trends in NCD prevalence reveal an increasing incidence and a shifting burden, particularly impacting low- and middle-income countries. This “double burden” of disease necessitates comprehensive approaches to address both communicable and non-communicable conditions. The implications for healthcare systems are substantial, with increased healthcare costs, strained resources, and a need for innovative strategies for prevention, early detection, and long-term management. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of addressing social determinants of health, promoting healthy lifestyles, and investing in stronger healthcare systems to mitigate the growing burden of NCDs and ensure a healthier future for all.
Keywords: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), Global health, Health disparities, Social determinants of health, Healthcare systems, Prevention, Health policy
Understanding the Epidemiology of Obesity and Related Conditions: A Global Perspective
Aisha B. Urazayeva, Aimeken A. Amanshiyeva, Saltanat Zhumagaliyeva
Volume 11 | Issue 4 | Pages: 134-137 | PDF
Abstract: Obesity, a complex and multifactorial condition, has reached epidemic proportions globally, posing a significant threat to public health. This paper reviews the global epidemiology of obesity and associated comorbidities, exploring key trends, drivers, and implications for healthcare systems. We examine the distribution of obesity across different regions, age groups, and socioeconomic strata, analyzing factors such as dietary changes, physical inactivity, genetic predisposition, and socioeconomic inequalities. The paper delves into the growing burden of obesity-related conditions, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer, emphasizing their impact on morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditures. We discuss the challenges of obesity management, highlighting the need for multifaceted interventions that address individual behaviors, environmental factors, and social determinants of health. Finally, we explore promising research directions for understanding the complex interplay of factors influencing obesity prevalence and for developing effective strategies for prevention and management.
Keywords: obesity, epidemiology, global health, non-communicable diseases, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, social determinants of health, prevention, management
The Growing Burden of Childhood Asthma: Environmental Factors and Public Health Implications
Saltanat T. Urazayeva, Toleukhan B.Begalin, Aigerim A. Umbetova
Volume 11 | Issue 4 | Pages: 138-141 | PDF
Abstract: Childhood asthma, a chronic respiratory disease, has become a significant public health concern globally. This paper examines the rising prevalence of childhood asthma, exploring key environmental factors that contribute to its development, and analyzing its implications for public health. We review the epidemiology of childhood asthma, highlighting geographical variations and the influence of factors such as air pollution, tobacco smoke, allergens, genetic predisposition, and socioeconomic disparities. The paper delves into the impact of asthma on children’s quality of life, educational attainment, and healthcare costs. We then discuss strategies for mitigating the burden of childhood asthma, including air quality improvement, tobacco control, early diagnosis and management, and public health education initiatives.
Keywords: asthma, childhood, environmental factors, air pollution, allergens, tobacco smoke, public health, health disparities.
The Impact of Climate Change on Emerging Infectious Diseases: Examining the Link Between Climate Change, Vector-borne Diseases, and Zoonotic Infections
Akmaral Baspakova, Kymbat Sh. Tussupkalieva, and Shara M. Nurmukhamedova
Volume 11 | Issue 4 | Pages: 142-146 | PDF
Abstract: Climate change is a pressing global challenge with far-reaching consequences for human health. One of the most concerning impacts is the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. This review explores the intricate link between climate change, vector-borne diseases, and zoonotic infections, highlighting how altering climate patterns create favorable conditions for disease transmission. We examine the mechanisms by which changes in temperature, rainfall, and other climatic factors influence the geographic distribution, abundance, and activity of disease vectors, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and rodents. The paper further analyzes how climate change can facilitate the emergence of zoonotic diseases by altering the interactions between humans, animals, and the environment. Finally, we discuss the public health implications of this evolving threat, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies to mitigate the spread of climate-sensitive infectious diseases, including early warning systems, surveillance, and adaptation measures.
Keywords: climate change, infectious diseases, vector-borne diseases, zoonotic infections, public health, environmental change, disease emergence, transmission, adaptation
Big Data and Epidemiology: Utilizing Electronic Health Records for Disease Surveillance and Research
Ainur N. Zinaliyeva; Gulzhan A. Tulegenova; Kulash R. Zhelisbayeva; Moldir B. Akhmetzhanova
Volume 11 | Issue 4 | Pages: 147-151 | PDF
Abstract: The advent of electronic health records (EHRs) has ushered in an era of big data in epidemiology, offering unprecedented opportunities for disease surveillance and research. This paper examines the potential of EHRs to enhance traditional epidemiological methods, exploring their strengths, limitations, and ethical considerations. We discuss how EHR data can be utilized for real-time disease surveillance, identifying outbreaks, tracking disease trends, and developing personalized interventions. We also analyze the challenges of data quality, privacy, and interoperability, highlighting the need for robust data governance frameworks and collaborative efforts to maximize the potential of EHRs in public health.
Keywords: Electronic health records, big data, epidemiology, disease surveillance, research, data quality, privacy, interoperability, public health
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