Volume 11, Issue 3, (2023)
Environmental Factors Affecting the Gut Microbiome
Amirreza Talaie, Hesam Kamyab, Diana Zuleta Mediavilla
Volume 11 | Issue 3 | Pages: 94-108 | PDF
Abstract: The growing body of research investigating the interplay between environmental factors, gut microbiota, and fertility highlights significant implications for public health and reproductive outcomes. Environmental stressors, such as pollutants, diet, and lifestyle factors, have been shown to disrupt the gut microbiome, leading to dysbiosis, which can contribute to reproductive health issues, including infertility. Climate change, microplastics, exposure to harmful chemicals, and dietary patterns are crucial in shaping gut microbiota composition, influencing hormonal balance, and affecting fertility. This review explores how environmental exposures impact gut health and fertility, focusing on mechanisms of dysbiosis, protective interventions like dietary modifications and microbial therapies, and strategies for reducing pollutant exposure. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of public health initiatives that promote awareness of these connections and advocate for healthy lifestyle choices to mitigate the harmful effects of environmental stressors on reproductive health. Holistic approaches that integrate ecological and gut health perspectives offer promising pathways to improving fertility outcomes and overall well-being.
Keywords: Gut microbiome, fertility, environmental pollutants, dysbiosis, reproductive health
How to Calculate the Ecological Carbon Dioxide Footprint?
Tayebeh Khademi, Mohammad Farajnezhad
Volume 11 | Issue 3 | Pages: 109-115 | PDF
Abstract: The ecological footprint is a critical tool used to assess the environmental impact of human activities by quantifying the amount of biologically productive land and resources required to support individual, organizational, or societal consumption patterns. This paper outlines a comprehensive methodology for calculating the ecological footprint in a step-by-step manner, emphasizing the conversion of consumption data into ecological components like carbon emissions, land use, and water consumption. By aggregating data across categories, comparing it with biocapacity, and interpreting the results, this process provides valuable insights into the sustainability of current lifestyles and activities. The importance of calculating the ecological footprint lies in its ability to guide policy, inform individual behaviors, and shape corporate sustainability strategies aimed at reducing environmental degradation. The paper concludes by discussing the importance of effective communication and the application of ecological footprint findings to promote resource conservation and balance environmental regeneration.
Keywords: ecological footprint, sustainability, biocapacity, environmental impact, carbon footprint
The Role of Environmental Exposures in Cancer Development
Gulnara Zh. Kandygulova, Bibigul Karimsakova; Zhanat Ashimova
Volume 11 | Issue 3 | Pages: 116-120 | PDF
Abstract: Cancer, a leading cause of death globally, is a complex disease influenced by a multitude of factors, including genetic predisposition and environmental exposures. This paper explores the significant role of environmental exposures in cancer development, highlighting the intricate interplay between environmental factors and the intricate biological processes that lead to uncontrolled cell growth. We examine various categories of environmental exposures, including air and water pollution, occupational hazards, tobacco smoke, dietary factors, radiation, and infectious agents. The paper delves into the mechanisms by which these exposures can damage DNA, disrupt cellular signaling pathways, and promote the development of cancer. We further discuss the challenges of assessing the impact of environmental exposures on cancer risk, considering the complexity of interactions between multiple factors, the long latency periods between exposure and disease onset, and the difficulties in isolating specific causal agents. Finally, we examine strategies for mitigating the risks associated with environmental exposures, emphasizing the importance of public health interventions, environmental regulations, and individual lifestyle choices.
Keywords: cancer, environmental exposures, air pollution, water pollution, occupational hazards, tobacco smoke, diet, radiation, infectious agents, DNA damage, cellular signaling, risk assessment, public health, prevention
Antimicrobial Resistance: A Global Health Threat
Aigul B. Ramankulova; Gulzhan A. Tulegenova; Aigerim A. Umbetova
Volume 11 | Issue 3 | Pages: 121-124 | PDF
Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rapidly escalating global health crisis, threatening the effectiveness of antibiotics and other antimicrobial drugs used to treat infections. This paper reviews the epidemiology of AMR, highlighting the mechanisms by which resistance develops and spreads, and the critical impact it has on healthcare systems and global health security. We discuss the factors driving the emergence and spread of AMR, including overuse and misuse of antimicrobials in human medicine, agriculture, and livestock production, as well as the lack of access to effective antimicrobials in many parts of the world. The paper explores the consequences of AMR, including increased morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospital stays, higher healthcare costs, and the potential for untreatable infections. Finally, we examine strategies to address AMR, emphasizing the need for multi-sectoral approaches, including stewardship programs, research and development of new antimicrobials, and public awareness campaigns.
Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance, antibiotics, infections, healthcare, global health, epidemiology, overuse, misuse, morbidity, mortality, public health, stewardship, research and development
The Epidemiology of Vaccine Hesitancy: A Global Challenge to Public Health
Akmaral Baspakova; Sartayeva, Aigul
Volume 11 | Issue 3 | Pages: 125-129 | PDF
Abstract: Vaccine hesitancy, the delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite the availability of vaccination services, poses a significant challenge to global public health. This paper explores the epidemiology of vaccine hesitancy, analyzing its complex determinants, geographical variations, and impact on disease outbreaks. We discuss key factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy, including concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy, lack of trust in healthcare providers and institutions, misinformation and disinformation spread through social media, and cultural and religious beliefs. The paper examines the consequences of vaccine hesitancy, highlighting the resurgence of preventable diseases, increased healthcare burdens, and economic losses. Finally, we explore strategies to address vaccine hesitancy, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based communication, building trust, promoting informed decision-making, and addressing the underlying social and cultural factors that contribute to hesitancy.
Keywords: Vaccine hesitancy, vaccination, epidemiology, public health, disease outbreaks, misinformation, disinformation, trust, communication, social determinants of health
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