Volume 3, Issue 3,
(2015)
Table
of Contents
Physicochemical characteristics and microbial population of palm oil sold in major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Bayelsa States, Nigeria
Elijah Ige Ohimain
and Sylvester Chibueze Izah
Volume 3 | Issue 3 |
Pages: 143-147 |
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Abstract: Palm oil
has found application in both food and several industries. This study evaluated
some physicochemical quality and microbial population of palm oil sold in some
major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A total of twenty eight palm oil
samples were obtained from seven markets, four being from each market. Standard
procedures were employed to enumerate the microbial population and
physicochemical quality of palm oil. The microbial population ranged from 3.802- 4.858 Log cfu/ml
and 2.287 3.792 Log cfu/ml for bacteria and fungi
respectively. The results of the physicochemical ranged from 4.503 - 8.467
(free fatty acid i.e. FFA), 2.600 - 9.275 Meq/kg (peroxide value), 3.775
12.000% (Impurity level), 0.550 2.425%
(moisture content) 191.50 203.05mgKOH/g (saponification value) and 0.9250 - 0.9875 (Specific gravity). The Analysis of
variance showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in all
the physicochemical in most of the markets apart from saponification value.
Parameters such as FFA, impurity, moisture, specific gravity, saponification
value were not within the recommended limits, while the microbial population
was within the maximum range recommended by Nigerian Agency for Food and Drug Administration Control (NAFDAC) for vegetable oil.
Keywords: Bayelsa state, Market, microbial population,
physicochemical properties, quality
Microbial Load and Heavy Metals Properties of Leachates from Solid Wastes Dumpsites in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
Tariwari C.N. Angaye1 Douye
V. Zige, and Sylvester C. Izah
Volume 3
| Issue 3 | Pages: 148-153 |
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Abstract: Waste management is
a challenge to sustainable development. In Nigeria most wastes are discharged
into the environment with little or no treatment. Due to activities of
microbes, some of these wastes undergo degradation releasing leachates. The
study assessed the microbial population and heavy metals characteristics of
leachate from solid waste dumpsites aligning water bodies in the Niger Delta,
Nigeria. Analyses were carried out following standard procedure. Microbial
population results showed that Total
heterotrophic bacteria, total fungi, total coliform and faecal
coliform ranged from 8.23 10.79 Log cfu/ml, 6.25
8.64 Log cfu/ml, 2.42 2.66 Log MPN/100 ml, and 1.97
2.34 Log MPN/100 ml respectively, while the
heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Hg, Fe, Pb and Zn ranged from 0.00 0.17 mg/l, 0.00 0.46mg/l,
0.00 0.70mg/l, 0.20 0.60mg/l, 0.00 0.27 mg/l, 0.20 8.41mg/l, 0.27
2.77 mg/l and 0.00 4.10 mg/l respectively. The heavy metals are in the order Fe>Pb>Zn>Mn>Cu>Cr>Hg>Cd.
Analysis of variance showed that there were significance difference (P<0.05)
in the microbial populations, and heavy metals apart from Cadmium and Zinc. The levels of
contamination amongst the leachates indicated that continuous and precarious
dumping of solid waste in areas aligning the coastal areas of the Niger Delta
should be discouraged due to their associated health impacts.
Keywords:
Niger Delta, dumpsite, leachate, contaminants
Study of Seismic Code Japan BCG, Europe EC8, Chile, America IBC, IS India, and New Iranian Earthquake Code
Mohammad Reza Baradaran, Abolfazl Heydarpoor
Volume 3 |
Issue 3 | Pages: 154-157 |
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Abstract:
The earthquake
is one of the natural phenomena that are likely to happen in all countries of
the world. Therefore, in order to maintain safety, different countries have attempted
to write their own seismic Regulations and under these circumstances, the
countries that have more seismicity as per the experience of the
earthquake and assess the damage caused by the earthquake have written
Regulations that conform to their own region. This paper reviews the
Regulations in Europe and the countries such as Japan, Chile, America, India
and also old and the new Regulations of Iran. In summation, it has been
investigated the strong points and failings of each of them. It is worth
mentioning that the old version of the Iranian Earthquake Code (Standard No.
2800 3rd. Edition) & the new edition of Iranian Earthquake
Code (Standard No. 2800 4th. Edition) have been evaluated herein,
and has been stated the applied modifications as well.
Keywords: Seismic
Code, Earthquake, Iran, Japan, Chile, America, India.
Application of Iron Slag at Different Pavement Layers
Zolfaghar Zarei,
Mohammad Reza Baradaran
Volume 3
| Issue 3 | Pages: 158-162 |
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Abstract:
Reusing waste material in the past decade has
got too importance and the reason is emphasizing on environment laws and
reducing the pollution of industrial garbage. Steel-making operations has faced
with this problem because of producing a large amount of waste material during
production which in the case of steel industries ability to recover and using
this products, these products create many problems in terms of pollution for
environment with regard to their high production volume including slag, dust, sludge,
shell sheets and oxide layers in which slag has got the most importance than
others because of high production rate. Nowadays, broad research has performed
in the world to recycling these side products which have resulted to solutions
to recover them. In Iran with regard to the increasing of steel and slag
production, research on them and appropriate solutions to use in different
applications and reducing environmental pollution seems necessary. This paper
addresses the investigation of iron slag at different pavement layers and the
influences like frictional resistance, track disruption and bearing strength
that it produces.
Keywords: Iron
slag, frictional resistance, track disruption.
Investigating the Effect of Wide Surcharge and Inclination Angle of Nails in Excavation (A Case Study: Central District of Isfahan City)
Rassoul Ajalloeian,
S. Fazllolah Hashemi
Volume 3 | Issue 3 |
Pages: 163-169 |
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Abstract: Maintenance of excavation,
especially in urban areas, is essential and crucial in order to avoid risks
resulted from the excavation on the adjacent buildings. So, this study tries
firstly to investigate various methods used to maintain and stabilize the
excavations, then deals with the factors affecting the stability of excavations
trussed by nailing system. Applying the existed numerical methods, the study
performs a modelling of excavation behaviours in the central district of
Isfahan city, and then a comprehensive analysis of such structures
performance. Thus, the factors influencing the excavation are studied,
gathering the data related to geo-technique studies on the central district of
Isfahan city. The various factors such as inclination angle of nails, wide
surcharge over the excavation are studied more exactly by performing the
reliability coefficient analysis on extended models of excavations.
Keywords: Trussed excavation, Nailing system, EEM, Reliability,
Wide surcharge
Optimization of Coagulation/Flocculation for Treatment of Wastewater
Abdolreza Karbassi,
Maryam Pazoki
Volume 3
| Issue 3 | Pages: 170-174 |
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Abstract:
One of the industrial areas in the south of
Iran is Bandar Imam Petrochemical Economic Zone which has a lot of
petrochemical complex, Farabi Petrochemical complex
is one of those places. Coagulation/flocculation could be a typical methodology
in water and wastewater treatment that a number of chemicals are added to
assist the coagulation/flocculation and causes to the sedimentation. In this paper, the sampling and measurement of
characteristics wastewater containing turbidity, pH, COD, TDS and etc. were done,
also Efficiency of coagulant was assessed in terms of the COD, TDS and
turbidity also the optimum concentration to determine the coagulant and the pH
effluent were investigated.The results show that the optimum coagulants for
decreasing organic matters of wastewater, the amount of coagulant is 10mm per
liter of wastewater. With this amount can be reduced by more than 50% of COD.
Keywords: Wastewater,
effluent, Farabi Petrochemical complex, coagulant,
jar test
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Techniques (JETT)
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