JETT- Volume 6, Issue 3 (2018)

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Volume 6, Issue 3, (2018)

Occurrence of Pathogenic Bacteria on Public Surfaces within Community Schools in Abeokuta Environs, Ogun State

Kehinde Peter Akinrotoye, Mobolaji Oluwafunmilayo Bankole, Stephen Oluwole Akinola

Volume 6 | Issue 3 | Pages: 47-52 | PDF | HTML

Abstract: Bacteria of medical importance abound all around us and are transmitted through different contacts within our community i.e. schools. To determine the possible role of fomites in dissemination of medically important pathogenic microorganisms, a study was carried out in public community schools within Abeokuta environs. The prevalence of bacteria was investigated from 300 fomites (door handles), in fifteen randomly selected secondary schools across Abeokuta South, Abeokuta North and Odeda Local Government Areas. Isolation of different bacteria species was done using standard microbiological methods through the use of Nutrient agar, MacConkey and blood agar after swabbing the fomites using sterile swabs. Bacteriological examinations revealed that almost all the fomites had at least one of the following bacteria in each community school; Bacillus subtilis (17.66 %), Bacillus mycoides (16 %), Bacillus megaterium (12.33 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18 %), Pseudomonas fluorescens (18 %), Enterobacter sp (16 %), Escherichia coli (19.67 %), Citrobacter freudii (10.33 %), Klebsiella oxytoca (16 %), Staphylococcus aureus (14 %), and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (7 %) from each Local Government area. The data from this study emphasize the importance of fomites as potential source of transferring medically important microorganisms such as pathogenic bacteria in school environments, which may hamper the learning process of the students due to infections/diseases which may arise from frequent contact with these pathogenic bacteria.

Keywords: Fomites, Pathogenic Bacteria, Community Schools, Public health

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Determination of Lead Ion by a Modified Carbon Paste Electrode Based on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Poly 4-N-Pyridine Para Styrene Sulfonamide

M. Bagheri, A. Yari, A. Mahdipoor

Volume 6 | Issue 3 | Pages: 53-59 | PDF | HTML

Abstract: In the present study, a novel electrode based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified with poly 4-N-pyridine para styrene sulfonamide for the determination of trace amount of Pb⁺² was prepared. In order to explore the selectivity, reliability and accuracy of this new type of electrode, a number of electrodes were prepared and tested under various conditions for the determination of trace amount of Pb⁺²in an aquatic environment. In particular, the modified electrode was used to determine the concentration of Pb⁺² in a wastewater of Isfahan’s Mobarkeh steel and ZobAhan companies. As a result, our modified electrode with an optimized conditions (concentrations of 6 wt% carrier, 12 wt% MWCNTs, 20 wt% paraphin oil and 62 wt% graphite powder) exhibited a high selectivity, a good Nernstian slope (-29.43 ± 0.3 mV/decade), a linear concentration range of (1.0×10^-1to 1.0×10^-8M), an excellent detection limit of (6.0×10^-9M), a fast response time (20s), a long life time (2 months) at a wide range of pH (5.0-8.5).

Keywords: Carbon paste electrode, Ligand, MWCNTs, Potentiometric

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Determination of Trace Amount of Cadmium by Modified Graphite Electrode in Aqueous Samples
M. Bagheri

Volume 6 | Issue 3 | Pages: 54-65 | PDF | HTML

Abstract: In this study the 2,3- Dihyroquinazolin-4(1H)-one was used successfully as an ionophore in construction of modified graphite electrode for Cd (II) cation measurement in aqueous samples, which was formed from a thin layer by Sol-Gel method. The electrode response to Cd (II) cation was reported with a Nernstian slope of -28.9 mV/decade, dynamic range of 1.0×10-2-1.8×10-8 M and pH range of 5.0-6.5. The electrode response time was 45 sec and its detection limit was recorded as 8.6×10-9 M. The lifetime of electrode was about 40 days. The proposed electrode showed good selectivity for Cd2+ compared to many metal cations. Finally, the desired electrode was satisfactorily used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration with EDTA. Also, it was used to determination of Cd2+ in real samples and the results were compared with results of atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Keyword: Cadmium, Ion-selective electrode, Sol-Gel, Ionophore.

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Estimate of Methane Emission in Startup and Shutdown Process of Siemens Gas Compressors Using PHAST Software

Abdolrasoul Shahpari ،Farham Aminsharei، Majid Ghashang

Volume 6 | Issue 3 | Pages: 66-71 | PDF | HTML

Abstract: Methane is the main component of natural gases which has a potential for global warming of more than 25 times that of Carbon dioxide. Methane is the second greenhouse gas to be released by human activities, and almost a third of these emissions are in different sections of oil production and processing, transfer and storage of natural gas. The purpose of this study is to estimate the amount of Methane emission to the atmosphere due to the startup and shutdown of Siemens gas compressors in Gas Transmission Operation District No. 2. For the present study, first the total number of Siemens compressors, model and type of each compressor in District No. 2 were determined. Then the similar compressors were placed in the same group and for each group the compressor information of one station was collected as a pilot and transferred to the PHAST software, and the modeling and outputs were received and recorded. The amount of Methane emission in year 2017 in the process of startup and shutdown of Siemens compressors was found as below: type C compressors the amount of 202814 kg, type D compressors 183841 kg, and type E compressors 227098 kg of Methane emission to the atmosphere. According to the obtained information, it can be concluded that in 2017, this gas transmission District has released a total of 613.753 tons of Methane gas from the above-mentioned process in the atmosphere, which has a global warming potential of 15343.825 tons of Carbon dioxide equivalent.

Keywords: Methane emission, Gas compressors, Global warming, PHAST software, Greenhouse gases.