Volume 10, Issue 2, (2022)
A Review Based on Spinel Ferrite Nanomaterials - MgFe2O4 - Synthesis of Photocatalytic Dye Degradation in Visible Light Response
Rahul Jarariya
Volume 10 | Issue 2 | Pages: 149-156 | PDF
Abstract: MgFe2O4 nanomaterials may indeed be generated using a multitude of approaches. The nanoparticles were used as a dye degradation catalyst. In the presence of H2O2, remarkable results demonstrate 100 % approx. deterioration at different timeframes. The Fenton process of hydroxyl and super hydroxyl radicals is responsible for the dye's rapid breakdown. Because the catalyst is superparamagnetic, it may be extracted from treated water using an external magnet. MgFe2O4 is a promising and efficient adsorbent for the removal of dye from wastewater. The photocatalyst that was produced here was very reusable and efficient by various methods such as Hydrothermal, microwave solution, solution combustion, green synthesis, Hammer’s, sol-gel method etc. The goal of this report is to investigate catalyst behaviour for the separation of Rb21 dye from wastewater in terms of structural, compositional, crystallinity, and magnetic stability. To test the reusability at a low catalyst dose in a concentrated dye solution, many runs are performed. In the future, the catalyst might be employed in a variety of applications, including catalyst, lithium-ion batteries, drug delivery, and magnetic transformer cores.
Keywords: Spinel ferrites, dye degradation, wastewater treatment, photocatalytic activity, catalysis
Bioremediation of Kaolinite Soil using Poultry Manure and its Effect on Growth of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)
M. O. Nwachukwu, A. A. Ukaoma, P. N. Abara, L.A. Adjeroh, & J. N. Azorji
Volume 10 | Issue 2 | Pages: 178-181 | PDF
Abstract: Understanding the effect of poultry manure on kaolinite soil properties and the performance of Okra on the amended soil is important for the effective and efficient management of soils for optimum crop production and environmental conservation. The study was carried out to specifically evaluate the impact of poultry manure amendment on soil properties and the performance of okra. About 15kg of soil samples were collected and put in polythene bags. Poultry manure at the rate of 5, 10, 15, and 20 g was applied. There was no amendment application in the control. Poultry manure was thoroughly mixed and allowed to stay for two weeks before planting. Okra seeds were planted at three seeds per bag and later thinned down to two. They were replicated 8 times 4 thus summing up to a total of thirty-two samples. The experiment lasted for 3 months. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete block design (RCBD). Soil samples were collected and analyzed using standard laboratory methods and data generated was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significant means were separated with the least significant means at the 0.05 probability level. The growth parameters of okra using kaolinite soils with poultry manure gave a significant increase in germination percentage, mean plant height, the mean number of leaves, and mean several branches. This is a rapidly growing technology in environmental management.
Keywords: Bioremediation, Kaolinite soils, Poultry manure, Physicochemical properties, Okra
Chemical Characterization and Biological Activities of Citrus reticulata and Citrus aurantium Essential Oils
Nouara Ait-Mimoune, Karima Bouti, Bouchra Benabdi, Ahlam Otmani
Volume 10 | Issue 2 | Pages: 182-186 | PDF
Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Citrus reticulata and Citrus aurantium essential oils (EOs). The chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Monoterpene hydrocarbons were found to be the main components. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus was more sensitive than the Gram-negative bacteria. Antifungal properties were determined against Aspergillus and Penicillium species. The best results were obtained by Citrus reticulata and proved to be the most effective inhibitor of all tested fungi. In addition, the screening of the antioxidant activities showed that Citrus aurantium was more effective in scavenging DPPH radicals. A reduction of the IC50 values was also noticed when the EOs were used in combination. According to these findings, the tested EOs could be used as a natural source of new compounds for the treatment of fungal and bacterial infections.
Keywords: Antifungal, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Citrus, GC/MS
Evaluation of an Intelligent Device for Identifying Cane Losses from Sugarcane Harvester Primary Extractor
Mahmoud Shomeili, Sasan Ahmadi, Mohammad Amin Asodar, Amin Reza Jamshidi
Volume 10 | Issue 2 | Pages: 143-148 | PDF
Abstract: Harvesting of any crop or agricultural plant is usually associated with losses. Among the factors that affect the amount of crop losses are the methods and tools used to perform harvesting operations. Machine harvesting of sugarcane is done in two ways: green and burnt, and usually burnt harvest has between 25-50% less losses. When harvesting sugarcane, you can clearly hear the sound of sugarcane pieces hitting the wall of the primary extractor hood. Accordingly, it was decided to use the audio system to determine the relationship between these sounds and the losses of the primary extractor. To record sounds in the basic extractor, two models of full-directional and one-way capacitive microphone (cardioid) and cool record edit deluxe and AudaCity software were used. To detect the wavelength of the sounds caused by the collision of different parts of sugarcane with the hood cap and extractor blades by throwing a large volume of straw along with 25 cm pieces of sugarcane billets, a sound record was set. A camera was also installed there to record video of what was happening under the extractor compartment. The results showed that the one-way capacitive microphone installed in the upper part of the primary extractor housing received clearer sounds. Analysing the recorded sounds and comparing them with the images obtained from the camera under the primary extractor revealed that the audio loss detection system detects the losses in the primary extractor with an accuracy of about 75 to 80%. The loss rate at 1200 rpm was about 1.5 times higher than at 1100 round per minute.
Keywords: Acoustic sensor, Closed circuit camera, Harvest losses, Sugarcane primary extractor
Isolation and Identification of Bacteria on Mobile Phones among Mechanics, Civil Servants, and Food Handlers in Imo State, Nigeria
Nwachukwu, M. O., Nmezi .S.N., Adjeroh, L. A., Azorji, J. N., Onyebuagu, P. C
Volume 10 | Issue 2 | Pages: 170-177 | PDF
Abstract: This study seeks to identify the counts and types of bacteria contaminating mobile phones used by randomly selected mechanics, civil servants, and food handlers within Owerri, Imo state. The investigation was on the antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates. Three hundred (300) questionnaires were distributed, of which 221 were returned in which swab samples were collected from their mobile phones using swabs moistened with sterile normal saline from an area of 3cm over mobile phone surfaces. Samples were cultured and processed by standard Microbiological procedures. Out of 221 mobile phones sampled, 147 were contaminated with bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant isolate followed by Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus sp., Klebsiella sp., and Proteus vulgaris. Mobile phones belonging to mechanics 81(55.10%) had the highest number of types of bacterial contamination followed by food handlers 41(27.89%) while the least was civil servants 25(17.01%). Antimicrobial susceptibility results showed that Gentamycin (22.44%) had the highest susceptibility pattern while Erythromycin (0%) had the least. This study, therefore, revealed that cell phones may have a notable role in the transmission of pathogens as well as multidrug-resistant pathogens.
Keywords: Mobile phones, Users, Pathogens, Drug-resistant, Nigeria
Relative Susceptibility of one Coleopteran Stored Product Insects to Permethrin Dust Insecticide and Chromolaena odorata Powder Extract
Nwachukwu, M. O., Abara, P. N., Adjeroh, L. A., Azorji, J. N. & Onyebuagu, P.C
Volume 10 | Issue 2 | Pages: 157-163 | PDF
Abstract: The increased use of pesticides in the control of vector pests has raised some concern over the adverse effect of these chemicals on humans, domestic animals, and their environment. This research was undertaken to harness the beneficial use of dried Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) leaves to control beans weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus) in the storage system. The experimental research method was a complete randomized design with five (5) treatments replicated four times given a total of twenty plates. Chromolaena odorata leaves and powders were prepared at a ratio of 1:1. The result of the study revealed higher mortality of bean weevils after seven (7) days in group A with the highest mortality rate obtained from Treatment four (4) with ten (150) grams of dried ground Chromolaena odorata leaves and dust insecticide. Based on this study, beans farmers and traders could use Chromolaena odorata to control beans weevils in their storage area, instead of synthetic insecticide.
Keywords: Stored Product Insects, Permethrin, Insecticide, Chromolaena odorata, Extract
Removal of Cadmium (II) from Water by Adsorption on Natural Compound
Alaa E. Ali, Ahmed A. Mustafa, Mohamed A Eledkawy, Abdelmonem M Ahmed, Gehan A Alnaggar, Essam Elmelegy and Sherif A. Kolkaila
Volume 10 | Issue 2 | Pages: 164-169 | PDF
Abstract: The removal of a high level of cadmium in drinking water by Guava leaves as a natural material is a simple way to produce high-quality water. The study revealed that Guava leaves were able to effectively remove a significant percentage of cadmium. Using a 0.5 gm sample size of ground Guava leaves could remove 90% of cadmium with an initial concentration of 100 ppm within 120 min. A significant increase in the removal of Cd (II) with an increase in the Guava dosage and increase in temperature could be observed. There is a remarkable efficiency for Guava leaves in the range of cadmium concentration of 50 to 250 ppm. Time 120 minutes is the suitable contact time of adsorption that achieves the highest cadmium removal from water. The optimum pH for having the highest amount of cadmium removal was around 6. It is obvious that the 0.5 mg dose is the most efficient adsorbent dose, and the ideal temperature is 25-30 oC.
Keywords: Adsorption, Cadmium, Guava leaves, pH
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