Volume 11, Issue 2, (2023)
Application of Cr (VI) Reducing Bacterial Cells and Enzymes for Its Bioremediation
Pradnya S. Raut
Volume 11 | Issue 2 | Pages: 39-43 | PDF
Abstract: Bioremediation of Cr(VI) pollutant, present in the effluent of electroplating and tannery industries majorly is the most cost-effective eco-friendly, and promising solution to reduce the toxic effect posed on the ecosystem by chromium (VI). Several acidophilic bacterial species have shown great potential to adapt and reduce class-A carcinogen Cr(VI) in the effluent to its nontoxic form Cr(III). Immobilized extracellular enzymes secreted by microbes during the development of the mechanism and the microbial cells both were used to accomplish the biological reduction of Cr(VI). All the bacterial species were isolated from the effluent sample and characterized as Bacillus megaterium C31171 (CRS-W), Staphylococcus species SeLB4 (CRS-Y1), and Burkholderia species (CRS-Y2) using 16S rDNA sequencing. Microbes-cells and extracellular enzymes secreted by microbes were separated. The growth of microbial species was monitored for the parameters like growth media and temperature.
Keywords: Bioremediation, Chromate reducing bacterial strains (CRS), Immobilized extracellular enzymes, Chromium (VI), Effluent
Assessment and Characterization of Environmental Impact of Effluents in the Vicinity of Owerri Municipal Abattoir
Bob Chile-Agada, A., Ibe, F.C., & Nzenwa, P.O.
Volume 11 | Issue 2 | Pages: 32-38 | PDF
Abstract: Contamination of the ecosystem from abattoirs could cause serious environmental hazards. Continuous monitoring and assessments remain imperative to forestall such harm to the ecosystem. The present study was undertaken to assess the physicochemical and selected heavy metal contents of wastewater in the vicinity of an abattoir within Owerri Municipal, Imo State Nigeria. Samples of wastewater were collected from three different points within the abattoir under stringent control measures and analyzed for physicochemical and selected heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Ni, and Cr) using standard procedures. Results obtained showed that the values for physicochemical parameters assessed exceeded WHO permissible limits except for EC. The heavy metal content of the wastewater was in the order: of Fe>Cr>Cd>Pb>Ni. The values for heavy metals were well above WHO permissible limits set by the WHO except for Ni. This study underscores the need for the government to provide wastewater treatment plants within the abattoirs before discharge as this could potentially harm the ecosystem. This further implies that the environmental and health status of the inhabitants could be severely affected if nothing is done to avert the current trend.
Keywords: Pollution, Wastewater, Physicochemical, Heavy metals, Owerri
Elimination of the Declared Insecticide by Natural and Modified Clay and Montmorillonite Sodium
Abderezak Guemache, Ahmed Bouchelaghem, Mahmoud Drif, Fares Kakoul, Louanes Hamzioui
Volume 11 | Issue 2 | Pages: 82-87 | PDF
Abstract: In this research, we study the comparison of the removal of a domestic insecticide declared as an organic pollutant from the water on the surface of the natural clay (N-C) and Montmorillonite sodium (Mnt-Na), where we reveal general information about adsorbents on organic pollutants, as well as physical and chemical methods for their spectral analyses. In addition, we have a simplified explanation of the adsorption phenomenon and then we study the various factors that affect it, represented by the effect of the initial concentration of the pollutant solution, the effect of the pH, temperature and the contact time, conductivity effect, turbidity analysis, and dissolved oxygen analysis. And we have achieved the results that benefit us by comparing the effectiveness of Natural clay (N-C) and Montmorillonite sodium ( Mnt-Na) in the elimination of insecticide, in addition to judging the possibility of describing adsorption by the best adsorbent.
Keywords: Adsorption, Insecticide, Natural clay, Montmorillonite sodium, Antibacterial activity
Enhancing Accessibility to High-Resolution Satellite Imagery: A Novel Deep Learning-Based Super-Resolution Approach
Omar SOUFI and Fatima Zahra Belouadha
Volume 11 | Issue 2 | Pages: 44-49 | PDF
Abstract: The increasing availability of open access in space remote sensing has democratized access to satellite imagery. However, high-resolution imagery remains limited to those with advanced space technology expertise. To address this limitation, this research paper introduces a novel approach for enhancing the quality of Sentinel-2 satellite images by leveraging deep learning techniques for super-resolution. This approach offers a comprehensive solution that significantly improves the spatial resolution (scaling factor 8), considering the volumetric constraints and spectral band dependencies inherent in satellite imagery. The proposed model harnesses the power of deep convolutional networks (CNN) and incorporates cutting-edge concepts such as Network In Network, end-to-end learning, multi-scale fusion, neural network optimization, acceleration, and filter transfer. In addition to the advanced model architecture, an efficient mosaicking technique is employed to further enhance the super-resolution of satellite images. The model also accounts for inter-spectral dependencies and carefully selects training data to optimize performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm rapidly and effectively restores intricate details in satellite images, surpassing several state-of-the-art methods. Thorough benchmarking against various neural networks and extensive experimentation on a meticulously curated dataset validate the superior performance of the proposed solution. It delivers impressive visual and perceptual quality and exhibits enhanced inference speed. This research opens new avenues for improved accessibility and utilization of high-resolution satellite imagery.
Keywords: FSRSI, Remote Sensing, Multispectral Satellite Images, Super-Resolution, Deep-Learning, CNN, Network In Network, SISR, Sentinel-2, Multi-Scale Fusion
Physicochemical, Spectroscopic, and Bacteriological Analyses of Borehole Waters in Selected Areas of Makurdi-Nigeria
Bassey S. Okori
Volume 11 | Issue 2 | Pages: 59-74 | PDF
Abstract: Physicochemical, spectroscopic, and bacteriological analyses were carried out to determine the quality of borehole waters in selected areas of the Makurdi metropolis. UV/Visible spectrophotometric methods of analysis were used for most determination. The results revealed that the physicochemical parameters are within the recommended national and international standards except for values of total hardness for the Brewery Area, Judge's Quarters, and Old GRA. The total coliform values range from 1-12cfu/10ml with borehole location C4 in the Benue State University area having the highest cfu/10ml. The bacterial isolates E. coli and S. typhi. The borehole waters are thus suitable for human and other consumption purposes.
Keywords: Water, heavy metals, nutrients, physicochemical, bacteriological, Spectroscopic
Promoting Sustainable Mobility in University Campus: A Case Study of Modibbo Adama University (MAU), Nigeria
Isiaka Adeyemi Abdul-Azeez, Barnabas Silas Atiyaye and Muhammad Zaly Shah
Volume 11 | Issue 2 | Pages: 50-58 | PDF
Abstract: Promoting sustainable mobility within university campuses has many benefits. This study aims to examine the mobility pattern and identify challenges related to existing modes of transportation within Modibbo Adama University (MAU) Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Based on inputs from university staff and students through questionnaire surveys and face-to-face interviews, the study ascertains and explains the problems of existing modes of transportation on campus. The survey revealed that 88% of the respondents perceived poor roads and walkways as a major mobility challenge. About 44% rated mobility within the campus as fair, 43% claimed the situation was poor, and 13% rated campus mobility as good. Regarding the desired improvement for campus mobility, 55% of the respondents wanted the provision of walkways, 40% favored the provision of bus stops/terminals, and 5% preferred an increase in the number of Taxis. The study recommended effective implementation of Transportation Demand Management (TDM) strategies within the campus by establishing bus transit services, paved pedestrian walkways to connect bus stops, and encouraging bicycling programs to reduce carbon emissions and enhance non-motorized mobility.
Keywords: sustainable campus, campus mobility, pedestrian walkways, cycling, campus bus
Removal of Aluminum (III) from Water by Adsorption on the Surface of Natural Compound
Alaa E. Ali, Ahmed A. Mustafa, Sherif A. Kolkaila
Volume 11 | Issue 2 | Pages: 88-93 | PDF
Abstract: Although aluminum ions are not toxic, drinking water containing a high amount of aluminum can cause some illnesses such as cardiac arrest, glucose intolerance anemia, and osteomalacia (soft or brittle bones) in humans. Many methods have been introduced to remove aluminum from water but adsorption is the most simple and effective way to remove aluminum from water. This study aims to study the performance of removing aluminum (III) from water using Guava leaves. In this study, some effective parameters on aluminum removal from the contaminated water such as pH, temperature, contact time, and the effect of speed of rotation on the removal of metals absorbance dosage, were investigated. There is a remarkable aluminum (III) removal efficiency for Guava leaves in the range of aluminum concentration of 50 to 250 ppm. The contact time of 120 minutes is the suitable contact time for adsorption. The optimum pH for the aluminum adsorption from the water was a cidic (pH of 6). It is obvious that the 0.5 mg dose is the most efficient adsorbent dose, and the ideal temperature is 25-30o C.
Keywords: Adsorption, Aluminum, Guava leaves, pH
Removal of Nitrate from Wastewater by Adsorption on Date Palm Waste (DPW)
Abdel-Madjid Habchi, Mohamed El-Amine Dahou, Said Slimani, Slimane Kalloum, Khadidja Ourka
Volume 11 | Issue 2 | Pages: 75-81 | PDF
Abstract: The adsorption phenomenon is considered one of the most effective methods that can be used to eliminate the wastewater pollution that can have negative effects on the environment and human health due to the huge daily production of wastewater. Nitrate elimination is considered one of the most problems that we facing in the wastewater. In the present study, in order to efficiently remove nitrate, date palm waste (DPW) with high stability and good environmental adaptation was used as an adsorbent. A series of experiments were carried out in order to study the influence of date palm fiber on the adsorption capacity of nitrate, such as the contact time, the mass of adsorbent, the adsorbent particle size, and pH. From the studied parameters, we chose the optimum parameters to establish the kinetics and the isotherms of adsorption. The results obtained indicated that date palm fiber has good nitrate absorption capacity more than the ripes and the petioles.
Keywords: Adsorption, Date Palm Waste, Isotherm Adsorption, Kinetic Adsorption, Nitrate
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