Volume 2, Issue 4, (2014)
A
Study and Comparison on Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength and Elastic
Modulus of Confined Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) by Polymeric Material GFRP
Investigation of Self Compacting Concrete Confined
Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages: 124-129 |
[Full Text] PDF (187 KB)
Babak Mansouri 1, Mohammad Reza Baradaran 1,
Vahid Chegeni 2,
Yahya Kazemi 1
1- Department of Civil Engineering, Meymand Center, Islamic Azad University, Meymand, Iran.
2-
M.Sc, Department of Civil Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University, kerman, Iran.
Abstract
— Self-compacting concrete does not have problems associated with conventional
concrete construction, including the inability to fill the mold, inability to
completely surround the reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures,
vibration equipment performance and noise caused by their. Using reinforced
polymer sheets became conventional from mid-1980s and replaced of polymer
sheets in order to overcome the disadvantages caused by reinforced with steel
sheets. Unlike steel sheets, it was not being under corrosive agents and it is
resistant against harmful effects caused by acids, salts and other environment
corrosive. Many of the proposed relationships for estimating the compressive
strength of confined concrete and similar strain have been obtained based on
the experimental results and they possess a lot of diversity, this shows the
behavioral complexity of confined concrete and its dependence on the various
parameters. In this paper, experimental results are presented concerning the
behavior of self-compacting concrete enclosed as single-layer and double-layer
by polymeric material GFRP. Cylindrical specimens of self-compacting concrete
are used with dimensions of 150 × 300 and 100 × 200 mm for testing compressive
strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity.
Keywords — Self-compacting concrete (SCC), GFRP,
compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity
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Liquefaction
of Non-Homogeneous Earth Dams’ Heels by Variations of Depth and Thickness of
Non-Compacted Foundation Layer
Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages: 130-133 |
[Full Text] PDF (1260 KB)
Abdolghaffar Ghorbanipour 1, Mohammad
Reza Baradaran 2, Babak Mansouri 2, Sahar
Najmeddin 3
1- Department of Civil Engineering,, Zarghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zarghan, Iran.
2-
Department of Civil Engineering, Meymand Center,
Islamic Azad University, Meymand, Iran.
3-
M.Sc., Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
Abstract — Liquefaction usually
occurs in saturated loose sandy soils. The aim of the present study is to
examine liquefaction of earth dams’ heels due to a non-compacted saturated
layer (a liquefiable layer) within the foundation of earth dams with different
thicknesses and depths during an earthquake. For this purpose, a non-homogenous
earth dam was founded on a compact soil layer. Analysis was performed with the
help of QUAKE/W. The special feature of QUAKE/W is the ability to display
liquefiable zones. The results showed that simultaneous increase in the
thickness and depth of the liquefiable foundation layer will reduce the
liquefaction potential. The declining trend becomes more critical with
increasing the thickness of liquefiable layer.
Keywords — Liquefaction, Earth dam heel,
Earthquake, Non-compacted foundation
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Performance
of Insulated Roofs with Elevated Outdoor Conditions Due to Global Warming
Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages: 134-142 |
[Full Text] PDF (747 KB)
R. U.
Halwatura
Senior
Lecturer, Civil Engineering Department, University of Moratuwa,
Moratuwa, Sri Lanka.
Abstract
— Global warming is a serious condition when it comes to analyzing how to
achieve thermal comfort by natural means. With the predicted rise of temperature
from 2-4 0C, the probability of people turning to alternative thermal comfort
options such as air conditioning would increase creating energy crises.
Therefore, it is necessary to investigate building construction methods that
increase thermal comfort. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of
expected global warming on thermal comfort related expectations of people and
to develop strategies that can assist to minimize the energy needed for thermal
comfort especially in tropical climates. The results suggest that construction
of multi-storey houses with small foot print and insulated concrete slab as
roof has the possibility of creating desirable micro–climates. The concrete
slab roof provides the possibility of creating roof top vegetation which can
significantly reduce the indoor temperature.
Keywords — Global warming, Insulated concrete slab, Roof
top vegetation, comfort zone, Indoor temperature
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Development of Partition Functions of Ramanujan’s Works
Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages: 143-149 |
[Full Text] PDF (300 KB)
Sabuj Das 1, Haradhan Kumar Mohajan
2
1-Senior
Lecturer, Department of Mathematics.
Raozan University College, Bangladesh.
2-Premier
University, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
.
Abstract
— In 1986, Dyson defined the rank of a partition as the largest
part of a partition minus the number of
parts of . In 1988, Garvan discussed the theta series in x like A(x),
B(x), C(x), D(x) and also discussed Jacobi’s triple product Identity (1829).
Both of the authors have worked on Ramanujan’s seminal works “Ramanujan’s Lost
Notebooks”. This paper proves the Theorem 1 with the help of Dyson’s rank conjectures
N(0,5,5n +1), N(2,5, 5n +1) and proves the Theorem 2 with the help of Garvan’s
theta series and Dyson’s rank conjectures N(1,5, 5n+2), N(2,5, 5n+2),
respectively. An attempt has been taken here to the development of the
Ramanujan’s works with the contributions of Dyson and Garvan. Definitions and
simple mathematical calculations are presented here to make the paper easier to
the common readers.
Keywords — Congruent, Jacobi’s Triple product, Modulo,
Ramanujan’s Lost Notebook, Theta series.
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Simulation of Atmospheric Conditions
and Trajectories for Dust Storms in the Middle East
Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages: 150-154 |
[Full Text] PDF (4480 KB)
Alireza Aslemand, Ahmad Anvari*, Behrooz Yarizadeh
Graduate Faculty of
Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
— Dust storms
which disperse a high amount of fine particulate matters have increased
exponentially in west of Iran. These fine particulate matters cause a lot of
problems on such as adverse effect on human health as well as environment. The
main aim of this study is investigating the critical dust atmospheric
conditions at a dust storm which was occurred in July 2009 in Mesopotamia
region. Furthermore, in order to control the dust storms, hotspots were
estimated by using Weather Research and Forecasting. In addition, dust storm
trajectories were studied by Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated
Trajectory Model. It was found that the critical condition occurred when the
critical frictional wind speed varied from 0.7 – 0.8 m/s. Besides, the origins
of the Middle Eastern dust storms which frequently impact the residents of this
arid region were studied. The source region limited to 33°N to 36°N and 44°E to
47°E coordinates. At six different altitudes the trajectories were studied,
which had two main motion patterns.
Keywords — Dust storm, HYSPLIT,
Iran, Mesopotamia, Trajectory, WRF
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Acute toxicity of Butachlor to Caspian
Kutum (Rutilus frisii Kutum Kamensky, 1991)
Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages: 155-157 |
[Full Text] PDF (80 KB)
Mohammad
Forouhar Vajargah1, Aliakbar Hedayati1, Ahmad Mohamadi
Yalsuyi2, Safoura Abarghoei2, Mohammad Hasan Gerami3*,
Hamed Ghaffari Farsani4
1- Young Researchers
Club, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran.
2- Department of
Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of
Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
3- Department of Fisheries,
Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.
4-
Young Reasearchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Shahrekord, Iran.
Abstract
— Herbicides are used to control weeds and are usually targeted to processes
and target sites that are specific to plants. Butachlor is an herbicide of the
acetanilide class, which is used widely in agricultural fields. At the present
study, lethal concentration (LC50) of butachlor was calculated for Rutilus
frisii Kutum. Samples weighted 4 ± 1 [mean ± SD] gr. The experiment were
carried out in static condition and based on instructions of Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development (O.E.C.D) in 4 days under controlled
water physicochemical factors with pH was 8-8.3, BOD 690 mg/l total hardness
210 mgCaCo3 and temperature was 17 ± 0.1 °C. All fishes were acclimatized in
60×55×30 cm aquarium for 10 days. Treated aquariums with concentration ranges
0.11, 0.22, 0.33, 1, 1.66, 2.33, 3.33, 6.66, 13.33, 16.66 mg/l of butachlor and
control group (no toxic concentration) were performed. LC1, LC10, LC30, LC50,
LC70, LC90 and LC99 were calculated for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. LC50 96h
butachlor for R. frisii Kutum was obtained 0.258 ppm. These findings suggest
that butachlor is moderately toxic and moderately irritating for this species.
Clinical symptoms including irregular protrusion of the eyes and irregular
swimming were observed.
Keywords — Butachlor, Caspian
Kutum, Acute toxicity
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Efficient of biofertilizers on growth
and yield characteristics of groundnut Arachis hypogaea L.
Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages: 156-161 |
[Full Text] PDF (82 KB)
Mahakavi.T1,
L.Baskaran1, M.Rajesh2 and K.Sankar Ganesh2*
1- Department of Botany,
Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608002, Tamil Nadu.
2- Department of
Botany, A.V.C.College, Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai-609 305, Tamil Nadu.
Abstract
— one of the major concerns in today’s world is the pollution and contamination
of soil. An answer to this is the bio-fertilizers an environmentally friendly
fertilizers. The main sources of bio-fertilizers are bacteria, fungi and
cyanobacteria. Now used in many countries bio-fertilizers are organisms that
enrich the nutrient quality of soil. Hence the present study has been carried
to find out the effect of Bio-fertilizers on various stages of Groundnut
growth. Germination studies were conducted with various Bio-fertilizers applied
in pots containing soil. Morphological parameters, photosynthetic pigments and
bio-chemical parameters were observed and recorded on seedling, flowering and
yielding stage. Yield parameters were recorded at the time of Harvest. These
parameters were found to increase on the application of Bio-fertilizers than in
control.
Keywords — Bio-fertilizers, pollution and contamination, seedling
and groundnut.
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Production and characterization of
biosurfactant from bacterial species isolated from oil contaminated soil
Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages: 162-165 |
[Full Text] PDF (140 KB)
N.
Sharpana Bharathi 1,2 and P. Usha Rani 2
1- Environmental
Impact Assessment Division Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History
(SACON) Anaikatty (PO), Coimbatore – 641 108, India.
2- Department of Environmental
Science, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India.
Abstract
— Biosurfactants are surface active substance synthesized by living cells.
Micro-organisms that degrade hydrocarbon were isolated and screened for their
activity. A total of 20 samples of oil contaminated soil were collected and
three organisms were isolated and tested with tests like detection of
glycolipid, surface tension measurement, emulsification index, heavy metal,
antagonistic test, hemolysis, drop collapsing test, and thin layer
chromatography for the degradation activity. The three organism’s viz. Bacillus
subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens degraded the oil
in soil.
Keywords — Biosurfactant,
Bioremediation, surface active substance, hydrocarbon.
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Assessment of Underground Water
Contamination Due to Early Coal Mining Activities in Nigeria
Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages: 166-170 |
[Full Text] PDF (303 KB)
Tijjani Garba, 1* Yakubu Yahaya Babanyara 2 Dije Bala Ibrahim1, Ishaya Lot 1
1-Department
of Environmental Management Technology Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University
Bauchi-Nigeria
2-Department
of Urban and Regional Planning Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi-Nigeria
Abstract
— This paper examines the level of mining
activities impairment on underground water quality. Five samples whose major
water sources is underground water were obtained. The samples obtained were
analyzed using Physical, Biological and Chemical Parameters. The result shows
most of high concentration of chemical elements impairing on water quality as a
result of mining activities such as Nitrate, Chloride, Phosphate, Cyanide,
Fluoride, Iron, Manganese etc. Additionally the bacteriological analysis of
these water samples revealed the concentration off e coli bacteria in the most
boreholes, well, and the stream. The paper concluded that even though borehole
were provided to augment the water supply for communities consumption but
consideration was not given to streams where waste water from the mining site
are normally drained into because it is use by plant and animals. There is
therefore the need to treat the water before discharge into the stream.
Key words: Contamination,
Mining, Parameters, Samples, Underground water
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Air Pollution Tolerance Index and
Biochemical constituents of some plants growing in Neyveli Lignite Corporation
(NLC), Tamil Nadu, India
Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages: 171-175 |
[Full Text] PDF (105 KB)
S. Dhanam1*,
P. Rajapandian* and B. Elayaraj2
1-
Department of Botany, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Villupuram - 605
602, Tamil Nadu, India.
2- Division
of Environmental Science, Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai
Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract
— Plant species can be effectively used
as filters to reduce air pollution and also as bio-indicators of urban air
quality. Screening of plants for their sensitivity/tolerance level to air
pollutants is important because the sensitive plants can serve as bio-indicator
and the tolerant plants as sink for controlling air pollution in urban and
industrial areas. Biochemical parameters namely Relative Water Content, leaf extract pH, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll,
starch, protein, amino acid, reducing and total sugar were estimated to
generate Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) for ten plants each at polluted
site and control site. The results showed that Terminalia catappa (18.16 and
16.19) and Mangifera indica (16.01 and 15.98) have recorded high and low values
in both the sites respectively. In comparison between the two sites, all the
values were slightly higher in the polluted site than the control for all the
ten plants and a considerable variation was observed among the four parameters
where their percentage variations were considered. Terminalia catappa,
Mangifera indica and Calotropis gigantea were found to be tolerant towards air
pollution.
Key words: Air
pollution, relative water content, pH, APTI, biochemical parameters.
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Evaluation of Selected Formulas and
Neural Network Model for Predicting the Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficient in
River
Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages: 176-183 |
[Full Text] PDF (980 KB)
Abbas Parsaie 1*, Amir Hamzeh Haghiabi 2
1- Ph.D.
student of hydro structures, Department of water Engineering, Lorestan
University, KhoramAbad, Iran.
2- Associate
professor of water Engineering, Lorestan University, KhoramAbad, Iran.
Abstract — Longitudinal dispersion coefficient (LDC) is
one of the most important parameters in the river water quality management.
Several ways as empirical formulas and artificial intelligent techniques are
proposed for predicting the LDC and it is necessary to evaluate the performance
of them. In this study, a Multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP) model has
been developed and 12 formulas empirical formulas were collected. To assess the
performance of these formulas and MLP model in a case study problem,
calculating the LDC by dispersion routing method for Severn River in UK was
considered. Results shows that the best accuracy is
related to the Tavakollizadeh and Kashefipour
formula (R2≈0.45 ) based on data set and for Severn River, its
accuracy is R2≈0.4 . the (MLP) model
has acceptable accuracy (R2≈0.83 ) to predict the LDC in Severn River.
Key words: Longitudinal
dispersion coefficient;
empirical formula; Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network; dispersion
routing method.
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Management strategy for improving
growth and mineral status of Moringa grown under
water stress conditions
Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages: 184-190 |
[Full Text] PDF (1790 KB)
Mohamed Moursy
Hussein 1, Camilia Youssef El-Dewiny 2
and Medhat Mekhail Tawfik 3
1- Water
Relation and Field Irrigation Dept. National Research Centre, Dokki Giza Egypt.
2- Soil
& Water Use Dept. National Research Centre, Dokki ,Giza Egypt.
3- Field
Crops Research Dept. National Research Centre, Dokki ,Giza Egypt.
Abstract
— Water scarcity and drought are the
main constraints of crop production. Many technologies have been developed to
cope with this environmental problem. So improve crop management under limited
amount of available water is a measure issue to maximize the return by unit of
water (water productivity). To achieve the aforementioned objectives, a pot
experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the National Research Centre at
summer season of 2013 to evaluate the effect of foliar application of potassium
sulphate (K2SO4), mono potassium phosphate (KHPO4)
and ferrous sulphate (Fe SO4) at the rate of 1% in
addition to distilled water as a control treatment. on growth, and mineral
status of Moringa plants grown under different water
regimes (irrigation after depletion of 40 % of the maximum water holding
capacity of the soil (W.H.C.) i.e. normal water supply, 60 % of (W.H.C.) i.e.
moderate soil moisture stress and 80 % of (W.H.C.) i.e. severe moisture stress.
However, severe moisture stress cause depression in growth characters i.e.
plant height, number of branches, dry weight of stem, leaves, top and whole plant. The highest dry
weight of root, stem, leaves, top and whole plant were obtained by irrigation
after depletion of 40 % available soil moisture. On the other hand, the dry
weight of the root and shoot/root ratio was positively responded with the
decreased in availability of moisture before irrigation. Application of foliar
fertilizers enhanced all the vegetative growth characters of Moringa plants i.e. plant height, number of branches, root,
and stem, leaves and whole plant fresh weight. Data also showed that MKP
treatment surpass all the other foliar treatments (except for top/root ratio)
which were recorded under Fe treatment. The lowest values were recorded in
plants sprayed with distilled water. Moreover, Increasing
the percentage of moisture depletion before irrigation, significantly decreased
the percentage of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in Moringa
plants. On the contrary water stress treatments significantly increase the
content of N, Ca and Na. Application of foliar fertilizers enhancing the
content of N, P, K and Mg.
Key words: Moringa, Water stress, Foliar fertilization, Growth, Mineral status.
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