Volume 4, Issue 2, (2016)
Table
of Contents
Environmental Impact of Scrap Metal Dumpsites on Vegetation, Soil and Groundwater in Yenagoa Metropolis, Nigeria
Tariwari C .N. Angaye1, Woyengidoubara
W.T. Angaye, Godbless N. Oyinke, Odigo Konmeze
Volume 4
| Issue 2 | Pages: 31-36 |
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Abstract: The environment is an intrinsic resource that
sustains man and all living organisms for growth, and survival. As such the
protection of the environment against adverse impacts must be sustained. This
study assessed the impacts of scrap metal dumping on soil, water and vegetation
in Yenagoa metropolis. Soil, groundwater and
vegetation samples were randomly collected from scrap metal dumpsites in Yenagoa Metropolis. The samples were similarly analyzed for Heavy metals using standard analytical
methods. Results of soil quality
for surface (0-15cm) and subsoil (15-30cm) were 12.27 – 74.27 and 6.21 – 52.13
mg/kg respectively (iron), 7.24 – 35.73 and 11.41 – 33.57 mg/kg (copper), 14.23
– 47.17 and 12.11 – 36.22 mg/kg (manganese), 11.07 – 49.38 and 17.42 – 35.72 mg/kg
(zinc), 24.43 – 47.67 and 17.11 – 32.38 mg/kg (aluminum), 11.48 – 35.77 and
9.53 – 31.22 mg/kg for Nickel. For water
quality, the pH ranged from 4.62 – 6.33. While the level of iron, copper,
manganese, zinc, aluminum and nickel ranged from 3.27 – 9.73, 0.0152 – 0.071,
0.0023 – 0.0023, 0.0022 – 0.523, 0.0023 -0.0023 and 0.005 – 0.005 mg/l
respectively. On the other hand, concentrations of manganese, aluminum and
nickel recorded were below detection limit. For vegetation, Iron, copper and
zinc ranged from 0.338 – 3.027 mg/kg, 0.0152 – 0.1071 mg/kg and 0.0023 – 0.223
mg/kg respectively. While, manganese, aluminum and nickel
were not detected. Based on the findings of this research, it is
recommended that scrap metal dumping in Yenagoa
metropolis should be subjected to periodic monitoring.
Key words: Impacts, Scrap metal, Bayelsa state, Mitigation, Solid waste.
Assessment of Open Well Water Contamination in High Density Residential Area
Tijjani Garba, Kabiru
G. Ilelah, Mukatari Ahmed Kwari, Lukman S. Sadiq, Mohammed J. Sani, Olanrewaju
L. Zulkarnain
Volume 4
| Issue 2 | Pages: 37-40 |
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Abstract:
The study was carried out to ascertain open
water quality for human consumption in a high density area where the source of
water is limited to open wells and where there are no consideration giving
between open well and a pit latrine, soak ways and drainages. Stratified random
sampling techniques was use to select nine open wells where samples were taken
three times to ascertain and validate the result of the water analysis. Coli
form test was used to determine the presence of microbial contaminates, pocket
conductivity meter was used to determine the concentration of some chemical
element and compound and spectrophotometer was used to analyze some physical
parameters. From the result of the
analysis it was discovered that nitrate exceed the limit in about 75% of the
samples analyzed while e- coli bacteria was detected in 8 out of the 9 samples
analyzed. But Iron was found to fall below the minimum requirement. The study
while considering that the sources of both nitrate and e coli is normally from
sewages it can be attributed to lack of conforming to established standard of
30 meters between well water and nearest sewer thereby allowing the possible
seepage of the contaminates contaminants into the underground water and also
the open well practice allows for susceptibility to non-point source of nitrate
through pollution from surface water runoff. The study conclude that there is need for another source of domestic
water supply to the area and recommend the use of other additional water
purification techniques that is consumer friendly for households uses.
Keywords: Water
Contaminants. Analysis, High density, Open well water, Samples
Microbial Characterization of Maize Fermentation Water during Ogi Production
Lovet T. Kigigha,
Sylvester Chibueze Izah, Ifeoma Peace Okowa
Volume 4
| Issue 2 | Pages: 41-45 |
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Abstract:
This study characterized the microorganism
found in 0 – 96 hours maize fermentation medium during ogi
production (a cereal based porridge). Dried yellow
maize were purchased from three maize sellers at Rumuomasi market, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The samples were
fermented using sterile water for 0 – 96 hours. About 2ml of the fermentation
water was aseptically collected. Standard microbiological characterization of
the isolates was carried out. Results revealed that Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Corynebacteria and
Lactobacillus species were the main
microbes found in the fermentation medium within 96 hours of fermentation.
Other microbes found in the medium included Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas,
Bacillus, Micrococcus species (bacteria), Aspergillus
flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Mucor, Fusarium, Geotrichum species (Fungi). There was decline in the TCFU
ml-1 followed by increasing pH as the fermentation progressed. This
would suggest that the fermentation medium gradually became unfavorable to the
microbial population. The implication of the effect of pH variability with the
preponderance of the isolates over the period of fermentation was discussed.
Keywords: Cereal, Fermentation, Maize, Microorganisms, Ogi
Comparative Health Risk Assessment of Asbestos in Tehran, Iran
Tijjani Hossein Tavakoli; Aryandokht Azari; Maryam Pazoki
Volume 4
| Issue 2 | Pages: 46-51 |
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Abstract:
Health risk assessment has been used to
investigate the cancer and non-cancer risk of Asbestos in the air of Tehran,
Iran. This study focused on the risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma on the
residents of the region. It presents an overview of Asbestos concentration in
31 samples with the average concentration of 0.01f/ml in different districts in
Tehran. Results provided by EPA (IRIS) analysis showed the total lifetime cancer
risk of 46.3 × 10−5. Based on the risk calculations presented in
EPA (1986a), the average cancer risk value of
lung cancer and mesothelioma was calculated as a discrete value for smokers and
nonsmokers. Assuming lifetime continuous exposure due to inhalation, the
expected incidence is 46 and 152 mesothelioma deaths, and 42 and 13 lung cancer
deaths per 100,000 persons for smokers and nonsmokers, respectively. In
addition, In accordance with the Air Quality Guidelines of the World Health
Organization database, the extra risk of lung cancer between 2.42×10-5
and 1.13×10-3, for smokers and 2.86×10-6 and 1.13×10-3
for nonsmokers was calculated.
Keywords: Health
risk, Asbestos, EPA, Inhalation
Sugar Mill Effluent Induced Changes in Germination and Biochemical of Hybrid Brinjal (Solanummelongena l. var. pruthvi)
Vaithiyanathan, T, M. Soundari,
and P. Sundaramoorthy
Volume 4 | Issue 2 |
Pages: 52-57 |
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Abstract: Sugar mills play a major role in polluting the
environment specially water bodies and land by discharging their effluent. This
polluted water is being used for irrigation due to water scarcity. It harmfully
affects the growth and yield of crops. In the present study, physico-chemical parameters of sugar mill effluent were
recorded. It not only contains the toxic substances but also having same amount
of nutrients which are needed for the growth of plants. The effect of various concentrations
(control, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of sugar mill effluent on seed germination behaviour of hybrid brinjal (Solanum
melongena L. var. Pruthvi)
was studied. The morphological growth parameters such as germination
percentage, seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, vigour index, and phytotoxicity
were taken into consideration. The result shows that the lower concentration
(10 percent) of effluent increased the germinating percentage and growth and
higher concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100%) of effluent decreased the
germination percentage, seedling growth, fresh weight and dry weight of brinjal and also biochemical such as chlorophyll, amino
acid and starch.
Keywords:
Solanum melongena L., sugar mill effluent, seed germination, phytotoxicity
Removal and Recovery of Pollutants from Wastewater by Using Continuous Liquid Membrane System: A Review
Alif Azwan
Abdul Wahab
Volume 4
| Issue 2 | Pages: 58-61 |
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Abstract: Liquid membrane has received
significant interest among the researchers as it provides efficient technology
in treating wastewater. However the used of liquid membrane only available in
batch and laboratory scale and only a few can be found in the industries. The
restriction were related to the instability of liquid membrane such as small
interfacial area for bulk liquid membrane (BLM), membrane swelling for emulsion
liquid membrane (ELM) and membrane breakthrough for supported liquid membrane (SLM).
Thus, this review will discuss on the work of researchers to overcome those
problems mostly in batch and laboratory scale. A few applications on continuous
liquid membrane in industry application also will be addressed. Eventually,
this review will provide the prospective of liquid membrane as the future
continuous treatment method in wastewater treatment.
Keywords: Continuous liquid membrane, emulsion liquid membrane,
supported liquid membrane, bulk liquid membrane, and future prospect
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Techniques (JETT)
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