Volume 3, Issue 4,
(2015)
Table
of Contents
Controlling Stormwater Runoff Pollution Best Practices of Green Highway Developments
Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid, Yao Bigah, Ali Keyvanfar, Arezou Shafaghat1,
Jahangir Mirza, Hesam Kamyab
Volume 3
| Issue 4 | Pages: 170-172 |
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Green Highway Development Features to Control Stormwater Runoff Pollution
Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid, Yao Bigah, Ali Keyvanfar, Arezou Shafaghat, Jahangir Mirza, Hesam Kamyab
Volume 3
| Issue 4 | Pages: 173-175 |
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Determining the Changeability of Groundwater Level in the Southwestern Part of Bangladesh using Geographic Information System (GIS): A Spatio-Temporal Analysis
S. M. Saify Iqbal, Md. Juel Rana Kutub, Premanondo Debnath, Nishat Falgunee, Shahreen Muntaha Nawfee, Shahadat Islam Sojib
Volume 3
| Issue 4 | Pages: 176-183 |
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Abstract: Groundwater
is one of the most important freshwater sources in Bangladesh which is used for
drinking, household chores and irrigation. Due to high population pressure and
excessive withdrawal, this important resource is under a lot of pressure. This
study was designed to assess the present groundwater condition of the southwestern
part of Bangladesh. Groundwater depth data of 231 wells from 20 districts were
collected from Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) and analyzed in ArcGIS
10.1 and Microsoft Excel 2010. Data analysis showed that all over the year, groundwater
lies beneath 0 to 10 m of sediment in the southwestern part of this country.
During the pre-monsoon season, groundwater level ranges from 6 to 10 m in Magura, Rajbari, Jhenaidaha and its adjacent areas, but when the monsoon
starts water level varies from 4 to 7 m except some parts of Magura as the monsoon season is characterized by heavy
rainfall. On the other hand, water level varies from 1-4 m in the coastal areas
of the southwestern part of this country. Basically, the larger values are
mostly associated with urban areas having groundwater level ranging between 6
and 12 m. During the monsoon season, there is a wide disparity of groundwater
condition except the coastal zone as it shows homogeneity. So
significant variation in groundwater depth was observed throughout the study
area. The impact of the urbanization was seen clearly which leads to the
lowering of groundwater level that can cause the catastrophic events like earthquake,
subsidence and pollution in this country.
Keyword: Groundwater, Freshwater
Source, Monsoon, ArcGIS 10.1, Water Table.
Planetary Boundaries Must not be Crossed for the Survival of Humanity
Haradhan Kumar Mohajan
Volume 3
| Issue 4 | Pages: 184-200 |
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Abstract:
At present we are living in an increasingly globalized world. The
scientific impact of the planetary
boundary framework is based on biological, physical and chemical
structures, and also is an important item for the sustainability. During the
last five decades, global population, food production, and energy consumption
have increased remarkably. For the growing population, sustainable economic
development and standard of living, including living space, food, fuel, and
other materials by sustaining ecosystem services and biodiversity are
necessary. This article tries to identify the sustainable development policy on
the basis of planetary boundaries. This planet has limited natural resources
but human beings are using these in unplanned and competitive ways. Since 2008
scientists have been identified nine planetary boundary processes. These
provide a safe space for innovation, growth and development in the detection of
human prosperity. Out of these nine boundaries four have already been passed
due to human activities and two boundaries still need to be determined. If
these nine boundaries passed due to unconsciousness and unplanned activities of
humankind, then the living organisms of the earth will face threat for the
survival. The paper analyzes sufficient theoretical analysis to make it
interesting to the readers. The study stresses on sustainable development policy
for the welfare of humanities. The results of the study are presented by
chemical reactions and sufficient numerical scientific data. An attempt has
been taken here to create consciousness among the nations of the world about
the effects of the crossing of the planetary boundaries.
Keywords: Biodiversity, Environmental Sustainability, Greenhouse Gas
Emissions, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycle, Planetary Boundaries.
Effect of Residual Antibiotics in Snacks against
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Lovet T. Kigigha, Sylvester Chibueze Izah, Phillip E. Prebo
Volume 3
| Issue 4 | Pages: 201-203 |
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Abstract: This study assessed the effect of ethanolic, hot
water and cold water extracts of processed ready-to-eat snacks containing protenous substances
against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The snacks (shawama, Scotch
egg and meat pie) were purchased from fast food hawkers in Yenagoa
metropolis, Bayelsa state, Nigeria. Disk-diffusion method was used for the
sensitivity testing of the various extracts and 1% Ampiclox
was used for the comparison of the antibacterial effects. Results showed that ethanolic
extracts have superior effect compared to cold and hot water. For hot water
treatment, the E. coli zone of inhibition for scotch
egg, shawama and meat pie were 8.38,
12.57 and 10.48mm respectively. For cold water extracts, these were 10.48,
13.62 and 8.38mm respectively. For the ethanolic
extracts, the zone of inhibition for the snacks was 12.57mm (Scotch egg), 14.67mm
(shawama) and 13.62mm (meat pie). For S. aureus, the corresponding zones of inhibition for the
snacks i.e scotch egg, shawama and meat
pie were 10.48, 14.67 and 8.38mm respectively (for
hot water extract), 10.48, 15.71 and 12.57mm respectively (for ethanolic extract) and 10.48, 12.57 and 10.48mm
respectively (for cold water extract). Ethanolic
extract had higher zones of inhibition on both isolates. Also the E. coli had
superior zone of inhibition compared to 1% Ampiclox
than S. aureus. Analysis of variance
showed that there was significant difference (P<0.05) among the test
organisms used in this study based on the treatments. This study showed that
residual antibiotics used for protenous sources (e.g egg, meat etc) were transferred
to their final products widely consumed by several people as fast foods, which
are becoming more popular with students and the working class who spent long
hours from home.
Keywords: Food,
Protein, Snacks, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus
Prediction of H2O2 Electrogeneration on a RVC Cathode in a Parallel-Plate Cell for Treatment of Industrial Effluents
Yaneth Bustos-Terrones, Jesús Gabriel Rangel-Peraza, Antonio Sanhouse,
Ma. Neftalí Rojas-Valencia, Alberto Álvarez-Gallegos
Volume 3
| Issue 4 | Pages: 204-211 |
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Abstract: A parallel-plate cell was
built to electrochemically generate H2O2 using two sizes
of reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) as cathode and stainless steel mesh as
anode. It was possible to predict H2O2 electroproduction on a RVC cathode in a parallel-plate cell
according to Faraday’s law. Two RVC cathode lengths were evaluated. For the
small RVC cathode (1.25 x 5 x 1cm) different current values were evaluated.
From this experimental setup, the optimal current obtained was 80 mA achieving
H2O2 production efficiency of 81%. Experimental results
were compared with theoretical results and it was found that the model fitted
the experimental results fairly well (variation 0.5%). For the large RVC
cathode (2.5 x 5 x 1cm), another set of different current values was evaluated.
From this experiment, the optimal current was determined to be 170 mA with an H2O2
production efficiency of 54%. These experimental results were also compared
with theoretical results generating also a fairly good fit between them
(variation 1.5%). Finally, using the large RVC cathode the removal of the dye
BB9 (0.08 mM) was evaluated, 94% discoloration was
achieved after 15 min of electrolysis and 90% of COD was achieved after 60 min.
Keywords: Prediction, H2O2 production, parallel-plate
cell, RVC design, BB9.
Geo-polymer Bacterial Concrete Using Microorganism
Ramin Andalib, Muhd
Zaimi Abd Majid, Mohd Warid Hussin,
Ali Keyvanfar, Amirreza Talaiekhozani, Hasrul Haidar Ismail
Volume 3
| Issue 4 | Pages: 212-214 |
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Abstract: The existent research investigates the ability of Bacillus bacteria
species to improve the strength of Geo-polymer concrete based on bio-mineralization
mechanism. The appropriate cell concentration of bacteria was
introduced in ordinary and Geo-polymer concrete by way of the mixing water to compare their strength and durability. In this research,
it was found that the compressive strength growth in Geo-polymer bacterial
concrete was the highest in comparison to ordinary
bacterial concrete at 90th day. For durability study, the specimens
were immersed in 5% H2SO4 solution and the result showed that
Geo-polymer bacterial concrete had the
least weight and strength losses than ordinary
bacterial concrete at different ages. This
improvement was due to the temperature condition of Geo-polymer bacterial
concrete to survive more bacteria for purpose of calcite precipitation. The density
and uniformity of concrete were also examined by ultrasonic pulse velocity
(UPV) test. The result showed that the density and uniformity
of Geo-polymer structural
bacterial concrete were
more in comparison to other
types of concrete.
Keywords: Geo-polymer
Bacterial Concrete; Bacillus
Strain; Concrete Strength and Durability; UPV Test
Comparing the Estimation of Suspended Load using Two Methods of Sediments Rating Curve and Artificial Neural Network (A Case Study: Cham Anjir Station, Lorestan Province)
Bahador Abbaspour, Amir Hamzeh Haghiabi
Volume
3 | Issue 4 |
Pages: 215-222 |
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Abstract: It is
significantly important to predict and estimate the sediment load of the rivers
to manage rivers and dam reservoirs in water projects. In this study, the
suspended load of the river is predicted using artificial neural network. In
this paper, it is attempted to evaluate the performance of artificial neural networks
in predicting the suspended sediments. Using ANN (Multilayer Layer Perceptron
Model), the suspended sediment in hydrometric station of Cham Anjir river of Khorramabad has been predicted and the
results have been compared with sediment rating curve. Based on the obtained
results, ANN presents acceptable results in simulating the suspended load in Cham
Anjir station, in such a way that it is of higher accuracy
compared to sediment rating curve. The results showed that ANN could be
employed to estimate the sediment suspended load with appropriate accuracy and
more confidence compared to the rating curve. Here, it should be noted that
neural network could not predict the peaks accurately, and this is regarded as
a weak point of this model.
Keywords: Suspended
Sediment, ANN, Sediment Rating Curve, Khorramabad River.
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